EP0924575A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour fixer des images de toner - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour fixer des images de toner Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0924575A2
EP0924575A2 EP98121575A EP98121575A EP0924575A2 EP 0924575 A2 EP0924575 A2 EP 0924575A2 EP 98121575 A EP98121575 A EP 98121575A EP 98121575 A EP98121575 A EP 98121575A EP 0924575 A2 EP0924575 A2 EP 0924575A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
gas
fixing
paper
toner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98121575A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0924575A3 (fr
EP0924575B1 (fr
Inventor
Carsten Dr. Schönfeld
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
NexPress Digital LLC
Original Assignee
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG filed Critical Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
Publication of EP0924575A2 publication Critical patent/EP0924575A2/fr
Publication of EP0924575A3 publication Critical patent/EP0924575A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0924575B1 publication Critical patent/EP0924575B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat

Definitions

  • contact and non-contact processes For fixing toner images in electrophotography and related processes a basic distinction is made between contact and non-contact processes.
  • the former group includes fixation by hot rollers or belts as well as the Pressure fixation, the latter possibly under the influence of elevated temperature.
  • the second group belong e.g. Radiation process using continuous or also pulsed lamps, or the physico-chemical method of Fixation with solvent vapors.
  • hot roll fixation has become widely accepted today, although it does have some disadvantages elsewhere due to increased effort or have to be bought by loss of print quality.
  • a big problem, with which the hot roller fixation struggles is the so-called “hot offset”, in which melted toner sticks to the roller surface and subsequent ones Revolutions is delivered to the substrate.
  • the roller materials are chosen so that they are one have low surface energy (such as PTFE or silicone rubber), and in addition becomes a low-viscosity release agent, usually silicone oil, on the surface applied.
  • a low-viscosity release agent usually silicone oil
  • the mechanical modules of the toner must be set so that sufficient elastic component counteracts the hot offset. This affects the Flowability of the toner when fixing up to the prevention of sufficient Coalescence of toner droplets.
  • the impaired fluidity also affects disadvantageous on the process of toner production, because too elastic materials when Grinding process cause difficulties.
  • to prevent hot offset internal release agents added to the toner which again complicate the toner production and make the toner more expensive.
  • the second group of fixation methods the non-contact methods, know the problems of the hot offset is not.
  • the toners can therefore be produced "ideally flowable", one requires no silicone oil and no internal release agents.
  • the disadvantages of non-contact methods concern the controlled introduction of the required heat into the Toner layer.
  • the thermal efficiency of all radiation systems is - at least at higher fixing speeds - lower than with roller fixing.
  • Pulsed radiation processes so-called flash-fusing systems, often generate one local overheating of the toner layer, which leads to the thermal degradation of the polymers and thus leads to the emission of unhealthy and unpleasant smelling gases.
  • flash-fusing systems Pulsed radiation processes, so-called flash-fusing systems, often generate one local overheating of the toner layer, which leads to the thermal degradation of the polymers and thus leads to the emission of unhealthy and unpleasant smelling gases.
  • the rapid heating of the toner layer leads to micro-explosions tends, whose traces prevent an even filling.
  • the method of fixation with solvent vapor works on the principle that the Layer of toner on the substrate through which vapors swell. This will make a liquid color film is generated on the substrate, which is basically like a liquid Ink can behave and should potentially deliver high image quality.
  • the solvent is removed from the substrate after fixation.
  • the disadvantages of the procedure are obvious: the handling of organic solvents in a printing press is undesirable in terms of work and environmental protection. Also based known systems also on halogenated solvents (CFCs), their use even less.
  • the invention represents a system for non-contact fixation, which is in contrast to Radiation systems used as a heat transfer medium and water vapor in contrast does not cause appreciable swelling of the toner to solvent vapor systems.
  • the Fixing effect is based essentially on the fact that in the superheated steam stored heat due to collision of the water molecules with the toner on them is transferred, causing the toner to melt. If the substrate is paper, use the increased water content of the hot air delays drying of the paper. A The paper drying can take place immediately after fixing counteract additionally.
  • the gas can consist of 100% water vapor
  • the gas becomes be a mixture of air and water vapor. Reduced with increasing air content however, the efficiency of heat transfer to the toner.
  • Using of paper as a printing substrate can the ratio of water vapor and air in the gas so be set so that drying out of paper is optimally counteracted.
  • toner images can be printed on single sheets as well as on continuous paper be fixed as a printing substrate.
  • a device for the contactless fixing of toner images on a substrate, with a Transport device for transporting the substrate through a fixing zone in which the Toner images are exposed to a gas includes a device for Generation of hot gas with a substantial proportion of water vapor, the gas is directed into an essentially closed space that is currently in the Fuser zone surrounding toner image.
  • the device includes one except one Side essentially closed housing, the open side at a short distance abuts a substrate transport path, the housing and the substrate transport path delimit the essentially closed space.
  • the device essentially comprises one side closed housing that delimits the essentially closed space and that has two elongated narrow openings through which one Substrate transport path runs.
  • the closed space or furnace which contains the fixing gas and through which the Substrate transport takes place, can not be very gastight without high technical effort be made.
  • the least tightness problems arise when the pressure the fixing gas does not differ significantly from the atmospheric pressure, so that even at certain unavoidable leaks, no significant gas exchange with the Environment takes place.
  • the heat exchange can be increased in that a nozzle arrangement in the Furnace is provided which condenses the water vapor onto the substrate splashes.
  • the furnace can also be constructed so that essentially without a pronounced forced flow, i.e. only convection takes place, only that The presence of the water vapor causes the toner to melt.
  • Fig. 1 shows two successive sheets of paper 1, which the fuser happen, being on a flat section of a conveyor belt, not shown lying on the left or right in the figure.
  • the fuser essentially contains a cuboid housing 2, which extends over the arc width extends and which has an open side which faces the paper sheet 1.
  • the distance between the side walls of the housing 2 and the paper sheet 1 becomes so small made as possible so that inside the housing 2 a substantially closed room 3 is formed.
  • the housing 2 is through a partition 4 in a lower part 3a and an upper Subspace 3b divided, which on the left side in the figure in connection with each other stand so that the room 3 has a U-shaped cross section.
  • On the right in the Figure open gas inlet lines 5 in the lower part of the room 3a and Gas outlet lines 6 in the upper part 3b.
  • the gas inlet lines 5 hot steam with a temperature of e.g. 300 ° C supplied to room 3 passes along the arrows and through the gas outlet lines 6 again leaves.
  • the hot steam sweeps across the paper sheets 1 while they are the fuser happen, whereby the applied in the development station on the paper sheets 1 Toner images are melted. After they leave the fuser have, the toner images or paper sheets 1 by a not shown Cooling device cooled so that the toner images are permanently attached to the paper become.
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant of the fixing station from FIG. 1, in which two housing halves 7a and 7b, which are each similar to the housing 2 of FIG. 1, with each other with their open sides opposite, whereby a substantially closed space 8 with a lower Subspace 8a and an upper subspace 8b is formed.
  • the side walls of the Housing halves 7a and 7b have a small distance from each other to elongate to form narrow openings 9a and 9b, through which paper sheets 1 to the left or transported to the right of the figure.
  • the housing halves 7a and 7b are each connected to gas inlet and outlet lines 5 and 6 as in Fig. 1.
  • the housing halves 7a and 7b have no partitions like that Housing 2 of Fig. 1, but the hot steam moves within each compartment 8a or 8b essentially by convection when it is on the paper surface cools as indicated by arrows.
  • the energy generated in the form of heat radiation from the heating elements is not used directly for fixing.
  • the following simple estimate shows that the concept of heat transport can be realized by heated water vapor.
  • T 2nd T 1 ⁇ Exp R c p p ⁇ P f f e I. V
  • the exponent in Eq. (8) can be reduced. This can be done, for example, by increasing the efficiency f e or increasing the pressure p . In any case, the degree of efficiency is practically achievable. It remains to be seen whether you can get well beyond 10% or even reach this value. An increase in pressure is only possible with great technical effort and is therefore out of the question.
  • Fig. 4 which the required Gas temperature as a function of the volume flow when the convection is fixed by Toners for hot air and steam as a heat transfer medium according to the equations (12) and (14) shows.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
EP98121575A 1997-12-15 1998-11-19 Procédé et dispositif pour fixer des images de toner Expired - Lifetime EP0924575B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19755584 1997-12-15
DE19755584A DE19755584A1 (de) 1997-12-15 1997-12-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Fixieren von Tonerbildern

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0924575A2 true EP0924575A2 (fr) 1999-06-23
EP0924575A3 EP0924575A3 (fr) 2001-05-09
EP0924575B1 EP0924575B1 (fr) 2002-09-11

Family

ID=7851893

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98121575A Expired - Lifetime EP0924575B1 (fr) 1997-12-15 1998-11-19 Procédé et dispositif pour fixer des images de toner

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6067437A (fr)
EP (1) EP0924575B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11237801A (fr)
DE (2) DE19755584A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10037464A1 (de) * 2000-08-01 2002-03-07 Oce Printing Systems Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Fixieren eines Tonerbildes unter Verwendung eines gerichteten Stroms aus Lösemitteldampf
US7031626B1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2006-04-18 Eastman Kodak Company Fixing roller system and method
US7890043B2 (en) * 2007-12-18 2011-02-15 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Pressure-controlled steam oven for asymptotic temperature control of continuous feed media
US7801475B2 (en) * 2007-12-18 2010-09-21 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Ultra-heated/slightly heated steam zones for optimal control of water content in steam fuser
US8118420B2 (en) * 2007-12-21 2012-02-21 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Contactless ink leveling method and apparatus
US8123345B2 (en) * 2008-01-31 2012-02-28 Xerox Corporation System and method for leveling applied ink in a printer
US8606165B2 (en) * 2008-04-30 2013-12-10 Xerox Corporation Extended zone low temperature non-contact heating for distortion free fusing of images on non-porous material
US8378263B2 (en) * 2008-10-13 2013-02-19 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Hybrid multi-zone fusing
US7848668B2 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-12-07 Xerox Corporation Fusers, printing apparatuses and methods of fusing toner on media
DE102013201552B4 (de) 2013-01-30 2017-03-30 Océ Printing Systems GmbH & Co. KG Druckanordnung zum beidseitigen Bedrucken eines Aufzeichnungsträgers und Druckverfahren
DE102013201549B3 (de) 2013-01-30 2014-06-18 Océ Printing Systems GmbH & Co. KG Druckanordnung zum beidseitigen Bedrucken eines Aufzeichnungsträgers und Druckverfahren
JP6241043B2 (ja) * 2013-02-27 2017-12-06 セイコーエプソン株式会社 記録物の製造方法
JP6394139B2 (ja) * 2014-07-16 2018-09-26 コニカミノルタ株式会社 画像形成装置および画像形成方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2613066A1 (de) * 1976-03-26 1977-09-29 Siemens Ag Fixiereinrichtung fuer auf einem aufzeichnungstraeger aufgebrachtes tonerpulver
DE2811835A1 (de) * 1978-03-17 1979-09-27 Siemens Ag Fixiervorrichtung
DE2927453C3 (de) * 1979-07-06 1982-03-11 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Fixiervorrichtung
DE3636324A1 (de) * 1986-10-24 1988-04-28 Siemens Ag Verfahren und anordnung zum fixieren von auf einem bandfoermigen aufzeichnungstraeger aufgebrachten tonerbildern mit hoher qualitaetskonstanz
US5140377A (en) * 1991-11-25 1992-08-18 Xerox Corporation Thermal fusing of toner in xerographic apparatus using water vapor
US5461470A (en) * 1993-06-18 1995-10-24 Xeikon Nv Electrostatographic single-pass multiple station printer for forming images on a web

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0924575A3 (fr) 2001-05-09
DE19755584A1 (de) 1999-06-17
EP0924575B1 (fr) 2002-09-11
US6067437A (en) 2000-05-23
DE59805499D1 (de) 2002-10-17
JPH11237801A (ja) 1999-08-31

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