EP0924888A3 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kanalausgleich in Wellenlängen-Multiplex-Systemen - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kanalausgleich in Wellenlängen-Multiplex-Systemen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0924888A3 EP0924888A3 EP98309790A EP98309790A EP0924888A3 EP 0924888 A3 EP0924888 A3 EP 0924888A3 EP 98309790 A EP98309790 A EP 98309790A EP 98309790 A EP98309790 A EP 98309790A EP 0924888 A3 EP0924888 A3 EP 0924888A3
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- channels
- optical power
- transmission path
- channel
- transmitters
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0221—Power control, e.g. to keep the total optical power constant
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US994761 | 1997-12-19 | ||
| US08/994,761 US6040933A (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1997-12-19 | Method and apparatus for channel equalization in wavelength division multiplexed systems |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0924888A2 EP0924888A2 (de) | 1999-06-23 |
| EP0924888A3 true EP0924888A3 (de) | 2003-07-16 |
Family
ID=25541019
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98309790A Withdrawn EP0924888A3 (de) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-11-30 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kanalausgleich in Wellenlängen-Multiplex-Systemen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6040933A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0924888A3 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2254593A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (88)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6031647A (en) * | 1996-10-23 | 2000-02-29 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Stable power control for optical transmission systems |
| US6914717B1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 2005-07-05 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | Multiple wavelength pumping of raman amplifier stages |
| US6052393A (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 2000-04-18 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Broadband Sagnac Raman amplifiers and cascade lasers |
| US6115157A (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 2000-09-05 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Methods for equalizing WDM systems |
| US6597493B2 (en) | 2000-05-05 | 2003-07-22 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Nonlinear fiber amplifiers used for a 1430-1530nm low-loss window in optical fibers |
| US6665496B1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2003-12-16 | Ciena Corporation | WDM ring transmission system |
| US6574037B2 (en) | 1998-06-16 | 2003-06-03 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | All band amplifier |
| US6545799B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 2003-04-08 | Corning Incorporated | Method and apparatus for optical system link control |
| US6317231B1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2001-11-13 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Optical monitoring apparatus and method for network provisioning and maintenance |
| SE513096C2 (sv) | 1998-10-02 | 2000-07-10 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Förfarande och anordning för kanalutjämning av våglängdsmultiplexerade optiska system |
| US20050002671A1 (en) * | 1998-11-17 | 2005-01-06 | Corvis Corporation | Wavelength division multiplexed optical transmission systems, apparatuses, and methods |
| US6452707B1 (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2002-09-17 | Tycom (Us) Inc. | Method and apparatus for improving spectral efficiency in fiber-optic communication systems |
| US7013088B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2006-03-14 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Method and apparatus for parallel optical interconnection of fiber optic transmitters, receivers and transceivers |
| US6236481B1 (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2001-05-22 | Astarte Fiber Networks, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing loss equalization and adjustment in a fiber optic network |
| US6433904B1 (en) | 1999-07-27 | 2002-08-13 | Sycamore Networks, Inc. | Method and apparatus for improving transmission performance over wavelength division multiplexed optical communication links using forward error correction coding |
| FR2800219B1 (fr) * | 1999-10-22 | 2006-06-30 | Algety Telecom | Procede d'ajustement de puissance pour un systeme de transmission optique a multiplexage en longueur d'onde |
| KR20010073485A (ko) * | 2000-01-15 | 2001-08-01 | 박남규 | 채널 파워의 불규칙 진동이 저감된 파장분할다중 링네트워크 |
| US6421167B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2002-07-16 | General Dynamics Advanced Technology Systems, Inc. | Multiple function bandwidth management systems |
| AU2001245441A1 (en) * | 2000-03-06 | 2001-09-17 | Lightchip, Inc. | Optical power managed network node for processing dense wavelength division multiplexed optical signals |
| US6449068B1 (en) * | 2000-03-06 | 2002-09-10 | Lightchip, Inc. | Optical power managed network node for processing dense wavelength division multiplexed optical signals |
| WO2001080462A2 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2001-10-25 | Sycamore Networks, Inc. | System and method for adjusting transmission power of respective light beams in a wavelength-division multiplexed network |
| WO2001082516A1 (en) * | 2000-04-24 | 2001-11-01 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Gain equalization in dwdm networks |
| DE10024393A1 (de) * | 2000-05-17 | 2001-11-29 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Regelung des Signal-Rausch-Abstandes von optischen Add/Drop-Signalen |
| KR100341825B1 (ko) * | 2000-06-05 | 2002-06-26 | 윤덕용 | 편광소멸법을 이용한 광신호 대 잡음비 감시방법 및 장치 |
| US6701089B1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2004-03-02 | Nortel Networks Limited | Over-equalization for multi-span wavelength division multiplexed fiber optic communication systems |
| US6456409B2 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2002-09-24 | Sycamore Networks, Inc. | Method and apparatus for extending fiber transmission distance with multiple pre-emphases in optically amplified DWDM system |
| JP4671478B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-08 | 2011-04-20 | 富士通株式会社 | 波長多重光通信システムおよび波長多重光通信方法 |
| US6452715B1 (en) | 2000-08-29 | 2002-09-17 | Ciena Corporation | Method and apparatus for determining a fiber plant gain transfer function and utilizing same to control distributed gain |
| US6961524B1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2005-11-01 | Nortel Networks Limited | WDM channel equalization in add/drop-capable optical networks |
| US6859622B1 (en) | 2000-12-26 | 2005-02-22 | Nortel Networks Limited | Predictive optimization of wavelength division multiplexed systems |
| IL141740A (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2005-12-18 | Eci Telecom Ltd | Method and system for handling optical signals |
| US6532101B2 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2003-03-11 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | System and method for wide band Raman amplification |
| US6810214B2 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2004-10-26 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | Method and system for reducing degradation of optical signal to noise ratio |
| US20020163683A1 (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2002-11-07 | Antoniades Neophytos A. | Performance optimizer for transmission systems |
| GB0107929D0 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2001-05-23 | Marconi Comm Ltd | A wavelength division multiplex power control system |
| US6871020B1 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2005-03-22 | At&T Corp. | Power spectrum monitoring and management in a wavelength division multiplexed network |
| US6559985B1 (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2003-05-06 | Ciena Corporation | Method and system for determining channel power in an optical communications network |
| US7242863B2 (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2007-07-10 | Ciena Corporation | Method and system for coordinating and utilizing channel power information in an optical communications network |
| US6614589B2 (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2003-09-02 | Ciena Corporation | Method and system for controlling amplifier power in an optical communications network |
| US6600596B2 (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2003-07-29 | Ciena Corporation | Method and system for controlling amplifier power in an optical communications network having add/drop capability |
| US6636666B2 (en) | 2001-05-14 | 2003-10-21 | University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Optical power equalizer |
| US20030058494A1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2003-03-27 | Roberts Kim B. | Control of parameters in a global optical controller |
| US6587259B2 (en) | 2001-07-27 | 2003-07-01 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | System and method for controlling noise figure |
| US6614586B2 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-09-02 | Dorsal Networks, Inc. | Methods and systems for high performance, wide bandwidth optical communication systems using Raman amplification |
| CN1324829C (zh) * | 2001-08-03 | 2007-07-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | 密集波分复用系统的功率均衡的实现方法 |
| US20030053750A1 (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-03-20 | Yang William (Wei) | Dynamic channel power equalizer based on VPG elements |
| US6594071B1 (en) | 2001-10-02 | 2003-07-15 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | Method and apparatus for amplifier control |
| US6819479B1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2004-11-16 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | Optical amplification using launched signal powers selected as a function of a noise figure |
| US7233432B2 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2007-06-19 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | Pre-emphasized optical communication |
| US20040208516A1 (en) * | 2002-01-07 | 2004-10-21 | Thomas Clark | Systems and methods for launch power pre-emphasis |
| US6819478B1 (en) | 2002-03-15 | 2004-11-16 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | Fiber optic transmission system with low cost transmitter compensation |
| US6825973B1 (en) | 2002-03-15 | 2004-11-30 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | Reducing leading edge transients using co-propagating pumps |
| US6778321B1 (en) | 2002-03-15 | 2004-08-17 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | Fiber optic transmission system for a metropolitan area network |
| US7197245B1 (en) | 2002-03-15 | 2007-03-27 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | System and method for managing system margin |
| KR100458678B1 (ko) * | 2002-03-20 | 2004-12-03 | 주식회사 럭스퍼트 | 이득제공 방식의 광파워 평탄화기 |
| US7076163B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2006-07-11 | Fujitsu Limited | Method and system for testing during operation of an open ring optical network |
| US7231148B2 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2007-06-12 | Fujitsu Limited | Flexible open ring optical network and method |
| US7116905B2 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2006-10-03 | Fujitsu Limited | Method and system for control signaling in an open ring optical network |
| US6959149B2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2005-10-25 | Nortel Networks Limited | Power balancing in DWDM optical networks |
| US6842562B2 (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2005-01-11 | Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. | Optical add/drop node and method |
| GB0213385D0 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2002-07-24 | Marconi Comm Ltd | Maximising power in optical communications networks |
| IL150347A (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2008-07-08 | Eci Telecom Ltd | Method and system for span optical power control |
| US20040208577A1 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2004-10-21 | Sycamore Networks, Inc. | Methods for in-service wavelength upgrade and system performance optimization in WDM optical networks |
| CN1720680A (zh) * | 2002-12-16 | 2006-01-11 | 特瑞林克通讯有限公司 | 利用可调光带通滤波器和偏振致零方法的光信噪比监测方法和设备 |
| US7139480B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2006-11-21 | Tropic Networks Inc. | System and method for power management in an optical network |
| ATE322776T1 (de) * | 2003-12-04 | 2006-04-15 | Cit Alcatel | Übertragungssteuerung und -verfahren zum kanalausgleich in einem wellenlängen-multiplex- system |
| WO2005078969A1 (ja) * | 2004-02-16 | 2005-08-25 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | ビットレート自動制御回路 |
| US7450851B2 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2008-11-11 | Fujitsu Limited | System and method for modularly scalable architecture for optical networks |
| DE102004047693B4 (de) * | 2004-09-30 | 2024-11-14 | Xieon Networks S.À.R.L. | Verfahren zur Preemphase eines optischen Wellenlängen-Multiplexsignals |
| JP4702540B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-24 | 2011-06-15 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光伝送装置及びシステム並びにその制御方法及びプログラム |
| US8045852B2 (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2011-10-25 | Alcatel Lucent | Channel balancing algorithm |
| US8055129B2 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2011-11-08 | Alcatel Lucent | Alien wavelength channel balancing and line amplifier optimization |
| US8406637B2 (en) | 2008-05-27 | 2013-03-26 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | Automatic pre-emphasis |
| US9485050B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2016-11-01 | Treq Labs, Inc. | Subchannel photonic routing, switching and protection with simplified upgrades of WDM optical networks |
| JP5633266B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-15 | 2014-12-03 | 富士通株式会社 | Wdm光伝送システムおよびその制御方法 |
| US9170744B1 (en) | 2011-04-06 | 2015-10-27 | P4tents1, LLC | Computer program product for controlling a flash/DRAM/embedded DRAM-equipped system |
| US9158546B1 (en) | 2011-04-06 | 2015-10-13 | P4tents1, LLC | Computer program product for fetching from a first physical memory between an execution of a plurality of threads associated with a second physical memory |
| US9164679B2 (en) | 2011-04-06 | 2015-10-20 | Patents1, Llc | System, method and computer program product for multi-thread operation involving first memory of a first memory class and second memory of a second memory class |
| US9176671B1 (en) | 2011-04-06 | 2015-11-03 | P4tents1, LLC | Fetching data between thread execution in a flash/DRAM/embedded DRAM-equipped system |
| US8930647B1 (en) | 2011-04-06 | 2015-01-06 | P4tents1, LLC | Multiple class memory systems |
| US9417754B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2016-08-16 | P4tents1, LLC | User interface system, method, and computer program product |
| WO2014201607A1 (zh) * | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-24 | 华为技术有限公司 | 光信号传输方法、装置及光发射机 |
| US9083458B2 (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-07-14 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Self-tuning an optical network at an operating point |
| WO2015045311A1 (ja) * | 2013-09-24 | 2015-04-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | 伝送装置、伝送システム、伝送方法及びプログラムが記憶された記憶媒体 |
| JP2018007058A (ja) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-11 | 富士通株式会社 | ネットワーク制御装置、光伝送システムおよび障害判定方法 |
| US10187149B2 (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2019-01-22 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Downstream node setup |
| US10630416B2 (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2020-04-21 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | System and method for optical channel reconfiguration |
| EP4170934A1 (de) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-04-26 | ADVA Optical Networking SE | Verfahren zur reduzierung der auswirkung von transienten effekten in einem optischen netzwerk |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0734129A2 (de) * | 1995-03-20 | 1996-09-25 | Fujitsu Limited | Optische Verstärkungsvorrichtung für mehrere Wellenlängen |
| JPH09261205A (ja) * | 1996-03-18 | 1997-10-03 | Fujitsu Ltd | 波長分割多重が適用されるシステム及び光パワー制御装置 |
| US5689594A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1997-11-18 | Mci Communications Corp. | Multiple wavelength bidirectional lightwave amplifier |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5225922A (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1993-07-06 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical transmission system equalizer |
| US5745275A (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-04-28 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Multi-channel stabilization of a multi-channel transmitter through correlation feedback |
-
1997
- 1997-12-19 US US08/994,761 patent/US6040933A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-11-26 CA CA002254593A patent/CA2254593A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-30 EP EP98309790A patent/EP0924888A3/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0734129A2 (de) * | 1995-03-20 | 1996-09-25 | Fujitsu Limited | Optische Verstärkungsvorrichtung für mehrere Wellenlängen |
| US5689594A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1997-11-18 | Mci Communications Corp. | Multiple wavelength bidirectional lightwave amplifier |
| JPH09261205A (ja) * | 1996-03-18 | 1997-10-03 | Fujitsu Ltd | 波長分割多重が適用されるシステム及び光パワー制御装置 |
| US6134034A (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 2000-10-17 | Fujitsu Limited | Apparatus and method for controlling power levels of individual signal lights of a wavelength division multiplexed signal light |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| TOBA H ET AL: "DEMONSTRATION OF OPTICAL FDM BASED SELF-HEALING RING NETWORK EMPLOYING ARRAYED-WAVEGUIDE-GRATING ADM FILTERS AND EDFAS", PROCEEDINGS OF THE EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATION (ECOC) FIRENZE, SEPT. 25 - 29, 1994, GENOVA, IIC, IT, vol. 1 CONF. 20, 25 September 1994 (1994-09-25), pages 263 - 266, XP000671739 * |
| TONGUZ O K ET AL: "GAIN EQUALIZATION OF EDFA CASCADES", JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, IEEE. NEW YORK, US, vol. 15, no. 10, 1 October 1997 (1997-10-01), pages 1832 - 1841, XP000703598, ISSN: 0733-8724 * |
| WILLNER A E ET AL: "Dynamic channel equalization in reconfigurable WDM networks using acousto-optic tunable filters", LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING, 1996. LEOS 96., IEEE BOSTON, MA, USA 18-19 NOV. 1996, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, US, 18 November 1996 (1996-11-18), pages 180 - 181, XP010204901, ISBN: 0-7803-3160-5 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6040933A (en) | 2000-03-21 |
| CA2254593A1 (en) | 1999-06-19 |
| EP0924888A2 (de) | 1999-06-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US6040933A (en) | Method and apparatus for channel equalization in wavelength division multiplexed systems | |
| CA2198503C (en) | Dispersion-tolerant 10 gb/s optical transceiver | |
| US6043914A (en) | Dense WDM in the 1310 nm band | |
| WO2002089380A3 (en) | Network transceiver for extending the bandwidth of optical fiber-based network infrastructure | |
| US7400830B2 (en) | Quality monitoring method and apparatus for wavelength division multiplexed optical signal and optical transmission system using the same | |
| JP4833818B2 (ja) | 光信号における光学分散を補償する方法及びシステム | |
| SE9803348L (sv) | Förfarande och anordning för kanalutjämning av våglängdsmultiplexerade optiska system | |
| WO2002009299A3 (en) | Method and apparatus for extending fiber transmission distance with multiple pre-emphases in optically amplified dwdm system | |
| DE60304486D1 (de) | Übertragungssteuerung und -Verfahren zum Kanalausgleich in einem Wellenlängen-Multiplex-System | |
| JPWO2010050124A1 (ja) | 光受信機 | |
| US7376353B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for dispersion management in optical mesh networks | |
| CA2243096A1 (en) | System of controlling wavelength division multiplexed optical amplifier and method thereof | |
| CA2472322A1 (en) | Noise reduction in optical communications networks | |
| JP3771830B2 (ja) | 自動分散補償回路付き光波長多重伝送システム | |
| CA2458038C (en) | A compact hybrid integrated optical dynamic channel equalizer | |
| JP3769172B2 (ja) | 光波長多重伝送システム | |
| JP2007510388A (ja) | 海底光伝送システムのためのケーブル・ステーション | |
| RU2273957C2 (ru) | Способ выравнивания мощности в системе плотного уплотнения каналов связи с разделением по длине волны | |
| JP3111964B2 (ja) | 光利得等化装置及び方法 | |
| WO1999043118A1 (en) | Dense wdm in the 1310nm band | |
| US6775429B2 (en) | Dynamic gain equalization system design with adaptive spectrum decomposition methodology | |
| JP3527417B2 (ja) | 光波長分岐挿入装置 | |
| US20020097464A1 (en) | Method for adjusting time delays and device for synchronization of channels in a WDM system | |
| JPH09116493A (ja) | 波長多重伝送システム | |
| JP2003115822A (ja) | 波長多重光伝送システム |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
| RAP3 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: NORTEL NETWORKS CORPORATION |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: BARNARD, CHRIS WILHELM Inventor name: SOLHEIM, ALAN GLEN Inventor name: KHALEGHI, FARIDEH |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED |
|
| PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20031218 |
|
| AKX | Designation fees paid |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20040525 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20051230 |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: BARNARD, CHRIS WILHELM Inventor name: SOLHEIM, ALAN GLEN Inventor name: KHALEGHI, FARIDEH |