EP0936976A1 - Pass - Google Patents
PassInfo
- Publication number
- EP0936976A1 EP0936976A1 EP97911259A EP97911259A EP0936976A1 EP 0936976 A1 EP0936976 A1 EP 0936976A1 EP 97911259 A EP97911259 A EP 97911259A EP 97911259 A EP97911259 A EP 97911259A EP 0936976 A1 EP0936976 A1 EP 0936976A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- passport
- information page
- layers
- layer
- information
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/24—Passports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D13/00—Loose leaves modified for binding; Inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/41—Marking using electromagnetic radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/455—Associating two or more layers using heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/46—Associating two or more layers using pressure
Definitions
- the object of the invention is a passport comprising an information page with the identification information and a photograph of the passport owner. It has been discovered that passports are forged in spite of the fact that the identification information and the photograph of the owner are tightly glued under a transparent plastic film and inside the firm cover of the passport. Other solutions known per se have also been used to niinirnise and prevent the forging of passports.
- the purpose of the invention is to provide a new type of passport which makes it impossible to forge passports.
- the passport according to the invention is characterised in that the information page consists of mermosetting plastic material, such as polycarbonate, which is personalised by inscribing it by means of a laser beam. Tests have been carried out which prove that the passport according to the invention and the identification information and the photograph provided by using the said method can be manufactured only by using certain devices and correctly selected materials so that the end result looks exactly as desired. Practically, the passport is therefore impossible to forge. To manufacture the passport, special equipment and correctly selected blank materials are needed which only the passport manufacturers have the possibility and the rights to acquire.
- the various embodiments of the in- vention are presented in the dependent claims of the array of claims.
- Fig. 1 shows the passport in an opened state
- Fig. 2 shows the binding spot of the passport as viewed from the direction of arrow II before the binding
- Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a section of the information page.
- the information page 1 of the passport comprises identification information 2 and photograph 3 of the owner of the passport.
- Information page 1 consists of polycarbonate which is personalised 2, 3, 4 by means of laser beam inscribing.
- Information page 1 has three layers 5, 6, 7.
- Surface layers 5, 7 are transparent and layer 6 between the surface layers is white. All layers 5, 6, 7 are laminated to each other by using heat and pressure.
- One of the transparent layers comprises about 4 %o carbon which provides darkened patterns 4 on the readable side of information page 1 by means of laser beam inscribing.
- the information page is also provided with changeable laser image 8 (CLI).
- CLI changeable laser image 8
- the information page is thicker in the personalisation area 9 than in area 10 which extends to a fabric.
- the thickness of the personalisation area is about 0.3-0.4 mm and the thickness of the area extending to the fabric is about 0.1-0.2 mm.
- Information page 1 is attached to cover page 11 of the passport and to the other pages of the passport by sewing. Other pages 12 of the passport are then bound to the passport at dashed line 13.
- Personalisation 2, 3 of information page 1 of the passport is made fully by means of laser beam inscribing.
- Separating layer 14 is employed in the fabric area of information page 1, preventing layers 5, 7 from laminating to each other. Consequently, layers 5, 7 of information page 1 can slide with respect to each other in fabric area 10, increasing the strength of the passport.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI964406A FI964406A0 (fi) | 1996-11-01 | 1996-11-01 | Pass |
| FI964406 | 1996-11-01 | ||
| PCT/FI1997/000666 WO1998019870A1 (en) | 1996-11-01 | 1997-10-31 | Passport |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0936976A1 true EP0936976A1 (de) | 1999-08-25 |
| EP0936976B1 EP0936976B1 (de) | 2001-04-04 |
Family
ID=8546989
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97911259A Expired - Lifetime EP0936976B1 (de) | 1996-11-01 | 1997-10-31 | Pass |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0936976B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE200255T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE69704499D1 (de) |
| EE (1) | EE9900227A (de) |
| FI (1) | FI964406A0 (de) |
| NO (1) | NO991992L (de) |
| PL (1) | PL186494B1 (de) |
| SK (1) | SK58099A3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1998019870A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005080091A1 (de) * | 2004-02-21 | 2005-09-01 | Mühlbauer Ag | Verfahren zum serienmässigen herstellen von identifikationsseiten für gebundene dokumente, identifikationsseite und gebundenes dokument |
| WO2006053738A3 (de) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-08-24 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Personaldokument in heftform |
| EP2116390A2 (de) | 2008-05-09 | 2009-11-11 | Austria Card Plastikkarten und Ausweissysteme Gesellschaft MBH | Reisepass mit laserfähiger Personalisierseite und Vlieseinlage |
| WO2012018279A1 (ru) | 2010-08-04 | 2012-02-09 | Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Гознак" (Фгуп "Гознак") | Идентификационный документ |
Families Citing this family (41)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6135503A (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 2000-10-24 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Identification document |
| NL1010841C2 (nl) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-20 | Enschede Sdu Bv | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een boekje, boekje vervaardigd volgens de werkwijze en boekje. |
| ATE242128T1 (de) * | 1999-05-27 | 2003-06-15 | Trueb Ag | Aufzeichnungsträger mit farbigen bildinformationen sowie verfahren zum herstellen eines aufzeichnungsträgers |
| FI114148B (fi) * | 2001-03-30 | 2004-08-31 | Setec Oy | Tietosivu |
| FI114147B (fi) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-08-31 | Setec Oy | Menetelmä tietosivun valmistamiseksi sekä tietosivu |
| NL1022766C2 (nl) * | 2003-02-24 | 2004-09-21 | Enschede Sdu Bv | Identiteitskaart alsmede reisdocument. |
| FI116782B (fi) * | 2003-06-16 | 2006-02-28 | Setec Oy | Menetelmä tietosivun valmistamiseksi ja tietosivu |
| EP1502765B2 (de) * | 2003-07-30 | 2012-08-15 | Trüb AG | Büchlein mit personalisiertem Datenblatt |
| DE10342946A1 (de) * | 2003-09-17 | 2005-04-28 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Einlageblatt für ein buchartiges Identifikationsdokument, buchartiges Identifikationsdokument und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines buchartigen Identifikationsdokuments |
| DE10343389A1 (de) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-04-21 | Austria Card | Reisepass mit laserfähiger Personalisierseite |
| DE102004007731A1 (de) * | 2004-02-16 | 2005-09-01 | Multitape Gmbh | Passdokument und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
| DE102004008840A1 (de) * | 2004-02-20 | 2005-09-01 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines buchartigen Wertdokuments sowie ein buchartiges Wertdokument |
| US7040981B2 (en) * | 2004-03-11 | 2006-05-09 | Canadian Bank Note Company, Limited | Laminate sheet for security booklets and method for making same |
| DE102004039567A1 (de) * | 2004-08-13 | 2006-02-23 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Individualisiertes Sicherheitsdokument |
| AP2290A (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2011-10-31 | Trub Ag | Method of producing a booklet, data page produced by this method and booklet by the method. |
| HRP20050101B1 (hr) * | 2005-02-01 | 2013-03-31 | TrĂĽb AG | Postupak proizvodnje knjižice, stranica s podacima proizvedena ovim postupkom i knjižica proizvedena ovim postupkom |
| DE202005003644U1 (de) * | 2005-03-03 | 2005-06-02 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Buchartiges Dokument, insbesondere Identifikationsdokument |
| DE102005010364A1 (de) * | 2005-03-03 | 2006-09-07 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Buchartiges Dokument, insbesondere Identifikationsdokument |
| DE102005061661A1 (de) † | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-21 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Datenseite zur Einbindung in ein Passbuch |
| EP1731327B1 (de) * | 2005-06-10 | 2015-06-03 | Gemalto Oy | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Informationsseite für ein Sicherheitsdokument |
| EP1731328B1 (de) * | 2005-06-10 | 2013-11-27 | Gemalto Oy | Mehrschichtige Informationsseite |
| DE102005034134A1 (de) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-25 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Buchartiges Dokument, insbesondere Identifikationsdokument |
| DE102005057241A1 (de) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-06 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gefalteten Trägeranordnung, insbesondere für ein Identifikationsdokument sowie deren Trägeranordnung |
| DE102005062047B4 (de) * | 2005-12-22 | 2020-02-13 | Mühlbauer Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Aufbringen von Schrift- und/oder Bildzeichen auf eine Ausweiskarte |
| EP1976709A4 (de) * | 2006-01-16 | 2010-09-01 | Securency Pty Ltd | Sicherheitsdokumente mit personalisierten bildern und herstellungsverfahren |
| NL1031513C2 (nl) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-10-05 | Sdu Identification Bv | Vezelversterkte bindlaag. |
| EP1876028A1 (de) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-09 | Setec Oy | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Datenträgers sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Datenträger |
| EP1911599A1 (de) * | 2006-10-11 | 2008-04-16 | Setec Oy | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Datenträgers und damit hergestellter Datenträger |
| FR2908223B1 (fr) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-12-26 | Hologram Ind Sarl | Procede de fabrication de films protecteurs securises et films associes pour la protection de documents d'identite |
| EP1970211A1 (de) * | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-17 | Gemalto Oy | Sicheres Ausweisdokument und Herstellungsverfahren dafür |
| EP2075375A1 (de) | 2007-12-11 | 2009-07-01 | Polska Wytwornia Papierow Wartosciowych S.A. | Papier für Blätter von persönlichen Dokumenten und Sicherheitsdokument aus solchem Papier |
| FR2946567B1 (fr) * | 2009-06-11 | 2011-08-05 | Oberthur Technologies | Document de securite et procede de fabrication de ce document |
| EP2287012A1 (de) | 2009-08-21 | 2011-02-23 | Polska Wytwornia Papierow Wartosciowych S.A. | Einlage für Sicherheitsdokumente in der Form einer Broschüre |
| JP4456175B1 (ja) | 2009-10-09 | 2010-04-28 | 日本カラリング株式会社 | 電子パスポート用レーザーマーキング積層体用複合ヒンジシート及び電子パスポート用レーザーマーキング積層体及び電子パスポート |
| ES2424887T3 (es) | 2010-09-24 | 2013-10-09 | Istituto Poligrafico E Zecca Dello Stato S.P.A. | Pasaporte electrónico |
| JP5981935B2 (ja) | 2011-10-19 | 2016-08-31 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 電子パスポート用コンビネーションシート、電子パスポート用レーザーマーキング多層シート、及び電子パスポート |
| US10406845B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-09-10 | Gemalto Sa | Flexible hinge material comprising cross-linked polyurethane material |
| DE102013103353A1 (de) * | 2013-04-04 | 2014-10-23 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Datenseite für ein buchartiges Dokument sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Datenseite |
| RS61486B1 (sr) | 2013-11-04 | 2021-03-31 | Nbs Zavod Za Izradu Novcanica I Kovanog Novca Topcider | Ojačana knjižica za identifikacioni dokument i postupak proizvodnje njene stranice sa podacima |
| DE102015118227B4 (de) * | 2015-10-26 | 2024-02-08 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Datenseite, insbesondere für ein buchartiges Dokument, sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| RU2749368C1 (ru) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-06-09 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ВЕРИЛИОН" | Информационная страница идентификационного документа, идентификационный документ, предварительно ламинированная многослойная конструкция для идентификационного документа с защитой от расслаивания |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3048735C2 (de) * | 1980-12-23 | 1984-10-18 | GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH, 8000 München | Ausweiskarte mit durch einen Laserschreiber aufgebrachten Informationen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
| DE3151407C1 (de) * | 1981-12-24 | 1983-10-13 | GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH, 8000 München | Ausweiskarte und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| GB2132136A (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1984-07-04 | Metal Box Plc | Identity card |
| DE3850342T2 (de) * | 1987-10-28 | 1994-10-13 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Büchlein mit Lichtbild. |
| DE3835999C2 (de) * | 1988-10-21 | 2001-05-10 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Identifikationsdokuments in Buchform |
| DE3840729C2 (de) * | 1988-12-02 | 1997-07-17 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Mehrschichtiger Aufzeichnungsträger und Verfahren zum Beschriften eines mehrschichtigen Aufzeichnungsträgers |
| NL9400539A (nl) * | 1994-04-06 | 1995-11-01 | Dorned Bv | Identiteitskaart met optisch geheugen. |
-
1996
- 1996-11-01 FI FI964406A patent/FI964406A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1997
- 1997-10-31 EP EP97911259A patent/EP0936976B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-31 DE DE69704499T patent/DE69704499D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-31 PL PL97333063A patent/PL186494B1/pl unknown
- 1997-10-31 WO PCT/FI1997/000666 patent/WO1998019870A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-10-31 AT AT97911259T patent/ATE200255T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-31 EE EEP199900227A patent/EE9900227A/xx unknown
- 1997-10-31 SK SK580-99A patent/SK58099A3/sk unknown
-
1999
- 1999-04-27 NO NO991992A patent/NO991992L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9819870A1 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005080091A1 (de) * | 2004-02-21 | 2005-09-01 | Mühlbauer Ag | Verfahren zum serienmässigen herstellen von identifikationsseiten für gebundene dokumente, identifikationsseite und gebundenes dokument |
| WO2006053738A3 (de) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-08-24 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Personaldokument in heftform |
| US7758079B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2010-07-20 | Bundesdrukerei Gmbh | Personal document in the form of a book |
| EP2116390A2 (de) | 2008-05-09 | 2009-11-11 | Austria Card Plastikkarten und Ausweissysteme Gesellschaft MBH | Reisepass mit laserfähiger Personalisierseite und Vlieseinlage |
| WO2012018279A1 (ru) | 2010-08-04 | 2012-02-09 | Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Гознак" (Фгуп "Гознак") | Идентификационный документ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO991992D0 (no) | 1999-04-27 |
| DE69704499D1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
| PL333063A1 (en) | 1999-11-08 |
| WO1998019870A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
| PL186494B1 (pl) | 2004-01-30 |
| EP0936976B1 (de) | 2001-04-04 |
| EE9900227A (et) | 1999-12-15 |
| FI964406A0 (fi) | 1996-11-01 |
| SK58099A3 (en) | 2000-02-14 |
| ATE200255T1 (de) | 2001-04-15 |
| NO991992L (no) | 1999-04-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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