EP0938100B1 - Hochfrequenzübertragungskabel mit zwei Leitergruppen - Google Patents

Hochfrequenzübertragungskabel mit zwei Leitergruppen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0938100B1
EP0938100B1 EP19990400358 EP99400358A EP0938100B1 EP 0938100 B1 EP0938100 B1 EP 0938100B1 EP 19990400358 EP19990400358 EP 19990400358 EP 99400358 A EP99400358 A EP 99400358A EP 0938100 B1 EP0938100 B1 EP 0938100B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
groups
retaining sheath
sheath
electric conductor
conductor wires
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19990400358
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0938100A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Gombert
Patrick Jamet
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Sagem SA
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Sagem SA
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Publication of EP0938100A1 publication Critical patent/EP0938100A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/08—Flat or ribbon cables
    • H01B7/0807—Twin conductor or cable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/08—Flat or ribbon cables
    • H01B7/0876—Flat or ribbon cables comprising twisted pairs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cable transmission for high frequency signals, telephone and / or data processing and video (voice, data, images).
  • the cable is substantially shaped flat and has at least two groups of wires individually insulated electrical conductors surrounded by a collective holding sheath. Each group includes at least one symmetrical pair of wires insulated electrical conductors, for example a fourth star made up of two pairs of wires insulated conductors arranged at the top of a square, the two insulated conductors of the same pair being arranged along a diagonal of the square.
  • the relative positioning of the conducting wires isolated forming a fourth star is essential for maintain perfect symmetry of the fourth. All lack of symmetry in the fourth results in parasitic couplings causing errors of transmission which can only be corrected depends on the speed of the information transmitted in the fourth.
  • European patent application EP 0642139 proposes a cable whose support sheath is divided into two portions each surrounding one of the two groups insulated electrical conductors.
  • the portions of retaining sheath are half-opened opposite along the cable so as to form two tabs independent sheaths which can be substantially joined but not merged, or which may be contiguous and slightly adherent to each other, and which extend longitudinally between the two groups of insulated electrical conductors.
  • the tongues delimit between them a constriction having a width less than the diameter of the wires insulated electrical conductors.
  • the objective the characteristics of this known cable is to ensure easy stripping without special cutting tools, for rupture or tearing or cutting of at least one of tabs to open the retaining sheath and access groups of electrical conductors isolated.
  • each group of wires insulated electrical conductors is a pair of wires conductive, or includes four conductive wires freely arranged, or assembled by ribbons in two separate pairs.
  • European patent application EP 0642139 does not address maintaining wire symmetry insulated electrical conductors in at least two groups such as quartes, and does not disclose any method of manufacturing the retaining sheath.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a support sheath between at least two groups of insulated electrical conductors comprising symmetrical pairs so as to maintain symmetry in each pair and at maintain a constant distance between groups in order to attenuate any crosstalk between groups and keep a constant impedance along the cable, while allowing sheath manufacturing in one extrusion operation.
  • a high transmission cable frequency comprising two groups insulated electrical conductors individually and a retaining sheath surrounding together and now separated longitudinally the two groups, is characterized by a narrowing which extends longitudinally between the two groups conductors and between two longitudinal portions concave of the retaining sheath and which has a width between one diameter and two wire diameters insulated electrical conductors.
  • the concave longitudinal portions of the sheath holding forming a narrowing thereof between groups of electrical conductors insulated maintain at a constant distance the groups and push these against portions lateral convex of the retaining sheath which prevents groups from moving to one the other.
  • the width of the narrowing between one and two diameters of electrical conductors isolated now a relatively large space between the two groups, gives the cable a sufficient flexibility in different handling of the cable, for example when manufacturing, pulling or laying the cable.
  • the shrinkage is easily achieved with just one extrusion operation of the retaining sheath, such as this will appear in the subsequent description of method of manufacturing the cable according to the invention.
  • each cross section of each portion concave longitudinal of the retaining sheath is applied against one of the conductive wires isolated in one of the groups and one of the insulated electrical conductors in each other group located on either side of the narrowing.
  • the retaining sheath although not enveloping completely each group of wires, keeps it in place at a constant position in section transverse to the other group of wires, this which gives a very low level of crosstalk.
  • a flat longitudinal strip, or cylindrical, or with any other suitable profile, in insulating material can be accommodated in the narrowing between the groups of insulated electrical conductors and pinched between the concave longitudinal portions of the retaining sheath.
  • the cable may include a tearing cord extending between one of the side portions convex of the retaining sheath and the group respective insulated electrical conductors. The pulling one of the ropes tears the sheath holding during a draw of one of the groups without necessarily drawing the other group.
  • An at least partially metallic screen can surround the retaining sheath, and a wire electrical continuity and / or tearing wire can extend between the two portions concave longitudinal of the retaining sheath and the screen, which gives a regular oval profile to the cable despite the concave longitudinal portions of the retaining sheath.
  • Each group of electrical conductors isolated can be a fourth star. More usually more than two groups of wires insulated electrical conductors can be juxtaposed substantially flat in the sheath maintained and separated two by two by narrowing each delimited by two portions respective concave longitudinal sheaths of maintenance.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacture of high transmission cable frequency of the invention, using an extruder comprising an inlet pipe extended coaxially by a conduit of a tubular punch having a front end tapered and surrounded by a die.
  • the process is characterized by guiding the groups insulated electrical conductors in the front end of the punch conduit for keep juxtaposed in an axial plane with a predetermined spacing corresponding to narrowing in the retaining sheath, by a suction created by an extraction pumping means communicating with the inlet conduit to generate a depression in the extruded support sheath leaving the die in front of the front end tapering of the punch, and by adjusting the means of extraction pumping so that the depression deforms longitudinal portions of the holding sheath between groups of electrical conductors isolated and draws them to each other at a distance equal to the width of the narrowing for forming the concave longitudinal portions.
  • the method of pumping extraction means is adjusted to a suction pressure of between 10 2 and 10 5 pascals approximately so that the constriction has a width of between one and two diameters of wires for a cable having a thickness of a few millimeters .
  • Cross sections at the front ends punch and die conduits can have similar oblong or elliptical profiles and significantly larger than the outline of the support sheath, which requires a vacuum lower than that with die ends and conventionally cylindrical punch, but at expense of a more extruder tool specialized.
  • the process includes a guiding a flat longitudinal strip, or cylindrical, or with any other suitable profile, in insulating material between the groups of wires insulated electrical conductors in the conduit of the punching and pinching the strip by the portions concave longitudinal of the holding sheath drawn to each other by depression.
  • a high frequency transmission cable CA1 comprises two groups of individually insulated electrical conductor wires 1a and 1b.
  • similar elements or elements relating to similar elements in the two groups 1a and 1b will be designated by the same reference numerals followed by the letter a and b respectively.
  • Each group of conducting wires 1a, 1b is a twisted star quad composed of four wires individually insulated electrical conductors 2a to 5a, 2b to 5b.
  • Each insulated electrical conductor consists of a solid conductor or a strand of fine annealed copper wires 6 and an insulating sheath individual 7 surrounding the solid conductor 6, for example in polyethylene or solid polypropylene, or cellular, or cellular and massive.
  • the four electrical conductors isolated 2a to 4a, 2b to 4b in a quarter 1a, 1b are arranged at the vertices of a square and are symmetrical two by two with respect to the axes and the diagonals of any square of cross section along the twists of the quarter in order to avoid any defect of symmetry of the fourth that can induce parasitic couplings.
  • the CA1 holding cable also includes a thin insulating support sheath 8 surrounding together the two quarters 1a and 1b.
  • the retaining sheath 8 is in a thermoplastic material extruded according to the process of the invention, the thermoplastic material preferably being transparent so as to distinguish the different colors of the sheaths individual 7 insulated conductors in each of the two quartes.
  • the sheath of holding has a thickness between 0.1 and 1 mm.
  • the thermoplastic material of the retaining sheath such as for example polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC, has a low dielectric constant and characteristics sufficient mechanical to maintain the qualities and flexibility of the cable.
  • the holding sheath 8 of the cable CA1 is symmetrical about a median longitudinal plane YY passing between the two quarters 1a and 1b and dividing the sheath into two portions 81a and 81b which are substantially in the shape of horseshoes whose ends are joined two by two.
  • the pairs of ends joined together of the portions of sheaths of holding 81a and 81b constitute two portions longitudinal centrals 82 and 83 which are concave, that is to say which have internal surfaces convex symmetrical to each other with respect to a longitudinal plane having as trace XX in the Figure 1, perpendicular to the YY plane and passing through the central axes of the two quartes.
  • a space 84 located inside the sheath 8 between the two quarters 1a and 1b constitutes a shrinkage with respect to the thickness E of retaining sheath portions 81a and 81b which only partially surround the quads 1a and 1b; indeed, portions of the sheaths individual 7 of two adjacent conductive wires 2a and 3a of the fourth and two conductors adjacent 2b and 3b of quarter 1b are two-by-two directly opposite and separated by shrinkage 84.
  • Each portion of sheath holding 81a, 81b partially surrounds the fourth respective 1a, 1b, without the conductive wires isolated 2a to 5a, 2b to 5b are embedded in the portion of respective retaining sheath 81a, 81b.
  • the curved sheath portions concaves 82 and 83 are obtained by hot “stretching" thermoplastic material extruded from the sheath holding so that each portion of sheath 82, 83 is constantly applied against a common thread electric isolated from the first quarter la, in the occurrence of the insulated conducting wire 2a, 3a according to the section of the cable CA1 illustrated in FIG. 1, and against an electrical conductor insulated from the second quarter 1b, in this case the common thread insulated electric 2b, 3b depending on the cable cut CA1 illustrated in figure 1.
  • each insulated electrical conductor occupies in successive cross sections of the fourth, a position that turns gradually around the center of the quarter when moving along the axis of a twist of the fourth.
  • the concave portions 82 and 83 of the retaining sheath are in contact successively for example with electrical conductor wires 2a and 3a, then 3a and 4a, then 4a and 5a, and finally 5a and 2a and so on each twist period in the fourth la, in the as the direction of the twists is not changed.
  • the horseshoe portions 81a and 81b of the sheath holding 8 are in contact with the other two conductors in the respective quarters la and 1b, in the occurrence of the insulated conductive wires 4a and 5a in the first quarter la and the wires isolated 4b and 5b in the second quarter 1b according to the cross section of cable CA1 shown in figure 1.
  • the narrowing 84 has a width LR between a diameter D and two 2D diameters of insulated electrical conductors 2a to 5a, 2b to 5b.
  • the width LR of the constriction 84 is approximately 1.7D, while according to a second embodiment shown in Figure 2, the constriction 84 has a width of 1.2D.
  • the width LR of the constriction 84 is chosen according to the use and the cost of the cable.
  • the narrower the narrowing 84 the more quarters 1a and 1b will be kept separate, and more a suction pressure applied in the sheath in extrusion according to the process of the invention will be high and therefore the more difficult the narrowing will be achieve ; however, tensile forces exerted laterally opposite on the sheath portions concaves 82 and 83 to stretch these will the higher the width LR of the shrinkage 84 is small and the sheath portions 82 and 83 are thick.
  • the CA2 cable has concave portions sheath 82 and 83 whose internal surfaces in look are more pointed towards the center of the sheath so that the concave portions 82 and 83 have internal application surfaces against insulated conductors 2a, 3a, 2b and 3b plus large and therefore exert an effort to separate two-fourths higher.
  • the cables of the invention are cables which are for example substantially flat, that is to say with an oval or elliptical cross section or oblong in which two or more quartes are juxtaposed. They are used in particular as than telephone communication cables and / or data processing and / or video for the wiring of building.
  • Each quarter star 1a, 1b includes two pairs of insulated conductors, each pair comprising two insulated conducting wires arranged along a diagonal of the square section of the fourth.
  • the invention is not limited to quarter cables.
  • the two groups of insulated conductors can include each more than two pairs of electrical conductors isolated, although groups may present numbers of different insulated conductors.
  • the cable includes more than two groups of insulated conductors; usually, when a cable has N groups of wires insulated conductors, N being an integer, the cable presents (N-1) 84 chokes between groups taken successively two by two.
  • the cable can be a mixed cable, with at minus one of the groups comprising only optical conductors, such as optical fibers, protected individually or together, and / or with one of the groups comprising both sons individually insulated electrical conductors and individually sheathed optical conductors.
  • a cable of the invention includes three or four or more quarters arranged in star in cross section.
  • the two quarters 1a and 1b are for example pulled through holes one or more guide plates from two coils of twisted quarter followed by drums draw, or from two parallel posts of manufacturing of quad to penetrate continuously along arrow F through an inlet duct 10 an EX angle head extruder.
  • the EX extruder shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5 conventionally comprises a cylindrical punch 11 of tube type extending along the main axis longitudinal of the extrusion head, and a screw extrusion 12 arranged perpendicular to the punch 11.
  • the extrusion screw 12 pushes the material softened thermoplastic, such as polyethylene, in conduits 14 at the front periphery of the punch 11.
  • a tube type die 15 At one outlet end of the extruder, a tube type die 15 has a bore frustoconical 16 whose small base is extended by a front orifice 17.
  • the frustoconical bore 16 and the orifice 17 surround coaxially and so substantially complementary a frustoconical portion 18 and a portion of revolution 19 from the end before the punch.
  • the cross sections of port 17 of the die and of the portion of revolution 19 at the front end of the punch may be cylindrical as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • Circular sections of the bore front 17 of the die 15 and the front end 19 of punch 11 have internal and external diameters significantly larger than the largest dimensions internal LI and external LE ( Figure 1) of the sheath 8 to get, respectively.
  • Quarters 1a and 1b respectively pass through orifices 21 in a guide 22 fixed transversely to the outlet of the conduit 20 so as to maintain quarters 1a and 1b juxtaposed in an axial plane, at their spacing definitive in the retaining sheath 8 at the outlet of the extruder.
  • the guide 22 contains N orifices 21 juxtaposed in a plane axial with punch, two by two distant from the final spacing of the groups in the cable at N-1 level shrinkage of retaining sheath.
  • the extrusion material pushed between the die 15 and the front end 18-19 of the punch 11 forms in first continuous a sheath with a frustoconical profile around the whole of the two quarters 1a and 1b.
  • This frustoconical sheath at the exit of the EX extruder tends naturally to stick on the lateral periphery quartets at the level of the horseshoe portions 81a and 81b and collapse along the YY axis to switch to a diameter smaller than the largest external dimension LE ( Figure 1) but greater than the thickness E of the sheath 8 to be obtained, as and measurement of the cooling of the extruded sheath towards a cooling tank at the outlet of the extruder EX.
  • the constriction 84 is created by a DE depression inside the sheath 8 leaving the sector 15 and mainly in the center of it between the two quarters 1a and 1b.
  • the DE depression is generated by the aspiration of a vacuum pump connected to a vacuum tube 23 opening into the inlet duct 10 of the head extrusion, in front of a sealing ring 24 crossed by quarters 1a and 1b from reels or manufacturing stations.
  • the suction pressure of the vacuum pump By adjusting the suction pressure of the vacuum pump, the DE depression is more or less high in the longitudinal conduit 20 of the punch and particularly at the front end 19 of the punch from which the two quarters 1a and 1b come out. This front end of the punch protrudes a few millimeters from the front of the die so that hot thermoplastic material does not come into contact immediately with the quartets and begin to naturally collapse around all of the fourths.
  • DE depression the less the sheath 8 is distorted.
  • a DE depression of a few thousand pascals stretches towards the center of the sheath, central portions, substantially convex circulars so that they are deformed gradually in concave portions 82 and 83 a cable as shown in Figure 1;
  • a depression of the order of 10,000 pascals stretches more consistently the concave portions 82 and 83 so as to obtain a retaining sheath as shown in figure 2.
  • the tooling at the outlet of the extruder is somewhat little changed.
  • Cross sections of the duct 200 at the front of the punch and the front portion of revolution 170 of the sector present profiles oblong or elliptical noticeably larger than the oblong profile PO of the retaining sheath 8 to obtain, without the concave portions 82 and 84, as shown in figure 1.
  • a longitudinal dividing strip thin consolidation thermoplastic 24 is sandwiched between quarters 1a and 1b perpendicular to the concave portions of sheath holding 82 and 83.
  • the height of the strip 24 is at less equal to the width LR of the constriction 84, but has a thickness less than the distance between the two quartes.
  • the thin strip 24 forming partition between the two quarters 1a and 1b is drawn in continuous between them and passes through an orifice rectangular 25 formed between the orifices circular 21 in guide 22, as shown in figure 6.
  • the strip of separation 24 is maintained between the two quarters 1a and 1b by pinching and adhesion exerted by the concave portions of retaining sheath 82 and 83.
  • the strip may be flat or cylindrical, or having a profile suitable for the space between the quarters 1a and 1b.

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  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Hochfrequenzübertragungskabel, zwei Gruppen (1a, 1b) einzeln isolierter Leitungsdrähte (2a-5a, 2b-5b) und einen Haltemantel (8), der die beiden Gruppen gemeinsam umgibt und in Längsrichtung getrennt hält, umfassend, gekennzeichnet durch eine Verengung (84), die in Längsrichtung zwischen den beiden Leitergruppen (1a, 1b) und zwischen zwei in Längsrichtung angeordneten konkaven Bereichen (82, 83) des Haltemantels (8) verläuft und über eine Breite (LR) verfügt, die zwischen einem Durchmesser (D) und zwei Durchmessern (2D) der isolierten Leitungsdrähte (2a-5a, 2b-5b) liegt.
  2. Kabel nach Patentanspruch 1, bei dem jeder Querschnitt jedes in Längsrichtung angeordneten konkaven Bereiches (82, 83) des Haltemantels (8) an einem (2a, 3a) der isolierten Leitungsdrähte in einer (1a) der Gruppen und an einem (2b, 3b) der isolierten Leitungsdrähte in der anderen Gruppe (1b), die beiderseits der Verengung (84) angeordnet sind, anliegt.
  3. Kabel nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, einen in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Streifen (24) aus isolierendem Werkstoff umfassend, der in der Verengung (83) zwischen den Gruppen isolierter Leitungsdrähte (1a, 1b) angeordnet und zwischen den in Längsrichtung angeordneten konkaven Bereichen (82, 83) des Haltemantels (8) eingeklemmt ist.
  4. Kabel nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 3, eine Reißleine (26a; 26b) umfassend, die zwischen einem der konvexen Seitenbereiche (81a, 81b) des Haltemantels (8) und der entsprechenden Gruppe (1a, 1b) isolierter Leitungsdrähte verläuft.
  5. Kabel nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 4, eine mindestens teilweise metallische Abschirmung (27) umfassend, die den Haltemantel (8) umgibt, und einen Abschirmungsdraht (28) und/oder eine Reißleine (26a; 26b), die zwischen den beiden konkaven, in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Bereichen (82, 83) des Haltemantels (8) und der Abschirmung (27) verlaufen.
  6. Kabel nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 5, in dem jede Gruppe isolierter Leitungsdrähte ein Sternvierer (1a, 1b) ist.
  7. Kabel nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 6, mehr als zwei Gruppen isolierter Leitungsdrähte (1a, 1b) umfassend, die im Wesentlichen flach im Haltemantel (8) nebeneinander angeordnet und paarweise durch Verengungen (84) getrennt sind, die jeweils von zwei entsprechenden in Längsrichtung verlaufenden, konkaven Bereichen (82, 83) des Haltemantels (8) begrenzt sind.
  8. Verfahren zur Herstellung des Hochfrequenzübertragungskabels nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 7 mit Hilfe einer Strangpresse (EX), die eine Eintrittsleitung (10) enthält, die sich koaxial in einer Leitung (20) einer röhrenförmigen Dornstange (11) fortsetzt, die über ein konisch zulaufendes (18-19) und von einem Spritzmundstück (15) umgebenes Vorderende verfügt, gekennzeichnet durch eine Führung (21, 22) der Gruppen isolierter Leitungsdrähte (1a, 1b) im Vorderende der Leitung (20) der Dornstange (11), um sie in einer axialen Ebene nebeneinander in einem vorher festgelegten Abstand, der der Verengung (84) im Haltemantel (8) entspricht, durch ein Absaugen zu halten, das durch ein Absaugpumpenmittel (23) erfolgt, das mit der Eintrittsleitung (10) verbunden ist, um einen Unterdruck im stranggepressten Haltemantel (8) zu erzeugen, der aus dem Spritzmundstück (15) vor dem konisch zulaufenden Vorderende (18-19) der Dornstange austritt, und durch eine derartige Einstellung des Absaugpumpenmittels (23), dass der Unterdruck (DE) in Längsrichtung verlaufende Bereiche des Haltemantels (8) zwischen den Gruppen isolierter Leitungsdrähte (1a, 1b) verformt und sie auf einander zu auf einen Abstand zieht, der der Breite (LR) der Verengung (84) gleich ist, um die in Längsrichtung verlaufenden konkaven Bereiche (82, 83) auszubilden.
  9. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 8, nach dem das Absaugpumpenmittel (23) auf einen Saugdruck zwischen ungefähr 102 und 105 Pascal eingestellt ist.
  10. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 8 oder 9, nach dem die Querschnitte an den Leitungsvorderenden (200, 170) der Dornstange (11) und des Spritzmundstücks (15) längliche oder elliptische Profile ähnlich wie oder erheblich größer als die Außenlinie des Haltemantels (8) haben.
  11. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 8 bis 10, eine Führung (25) eines in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Streifens (24) aus isolierendem Werkstoff zwischen den Gruppen isolierter Leitungsdrähte (1a, 1b) in der Leitung (20) der Dornstange (11) umfassend und ein Einklemmen des Streifens (25) durch die in Längsrichtung verlaufenden konkaven Bereiche (82, 83) des Haltemantels (8), die durch den Unterdruck auf einander zu gezogen werden.
EP19990400358 1998-02-19 1999-02-15 Hochfrequenzübertragungskabel mit zwei Leitergruppen Expired - Lifetime EP0938100B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9802122A FR2775115B1 (fr) 1998-02-19 1998-02-19 Cable de transmission a haute frequence a deux groupes de conducteurs
FR9802122 1998-02-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0938100A1 EP0938100A1 (de) 1999-08-25
EP0938100B1 true EP0938100B1 (de) 2004-11-17

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EP19990400358 Expired - Lifetime EP0938100B1 (de) 1998-02-19 1999-02-15 Hochfrequenzübertragungskabel mit zwei Leitergruppen

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EP (1) EP0938100B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69921869T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2227982T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2775115B1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19957545C2 (de) * 1999-11-30 2001-12-13 Daetwyler Ag Kabel & Systeme A Steckverbindung
CN114228096B (zh) * 2021-12-17 2023-07-18 安徽电缆股份有限公司 一种核电站用电缆护套加工设备及其加工方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7208610A (de) * 1972-06-23 1973-12-27
ES2105560T3 (es) * 1993-09-06 1997-10-16 Filotex Sa Cable facilmente desenvainable.

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FR2775115B1 (fr) 2000-03-31
EP0938100A1 (de) 1999-08-25
FR2775115A1 (fr) 1999-08-20
DE69921869T2 (de) 2005-04-07
ES2227982T3 (es) 2005-04-01
DE69921869D1 (de) 2004-12-23

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