EP0938155A2 - Procédé et appareil d'étalonnage d'un réseau d'antennes - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil d'étalonnage d'un réseau d'antennes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0938155A2
EP0938155A2 EP98123105A EP98123105A EP0938155A2 EP 0938155 A2 EP0938155 A2 EP 0938155A2 EP 98123105 A EP98123105 A EP 98123105A EP 98123105 A EP98123105 A EP 98123105A EP 0938155 A2 EP0938155 A2 EP 0938155A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmission
paths
reception paths
signals
reception
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98123105A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0938155A3 (fr
Inventor
Christian Passmann
Thomas Wixforth
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0938155A2 publication Critical patent/EP0938155A2/fr
Publication of EP0938155A3 publication Critical patent/EP0938155A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for Calibrate the send and receive paths of one Group antenna with adaptive beam shaping.
  • a Group antenna with adaptive beam shaping is e.g. in the EP 0 578 060 A2 or DE 195 35 441 A1.
  • the Beam shaping or beam swiveling of the transmission or Receiving antenna characteristic is with the help of a Beamforming network carried out by the transmission or Receive signals of the individual antenna elements depending on the desired antenna characteristics with different Weighting factors are multiplied.
  • Such Group antennas with adaptive beam shaping can e.g. in cellular mobile radio systems or point-to-multipoint Directional radio systems are used.
  • the beam shaping can be caused by errors in the signal paths of the individual antenna elements are falsified. Error in the Signal paths can e.g. through production tolerances or Temperature drift or aging etc. are caused. By a calibration of the signal paths between the Beam shaping network and the individual antenna elements can falsify the desired beam shaping be reduced.
  • the registration is therefore based on the task Method and device of the type mentioned to specify what a Calibration of the transmission and reception paths of the group antenna can be carried out.
  • This method and device according to the invention enables constant calibration of the group antenna even during ongoing operations.
  • the duplex radio system shown in FIG. 1 has N Antenna elements A1, ..., AN of a group antenna.
  • the Antenna elements A1, ..., AN are for reception as well also responsible for sending signals.
  • Each Antenna element A1, ..., AN is connected to a duplexer DP1, ..., DPN connected.
  • the duplexer DP1, ..., DPN in known way that a transmission signal from the transmitter Tx1, ..., TxN of the transmission path to the antenna element assigned to it A1, ..., AN arrives and that a reception signal of the Antenna element A1, ..., AN to the receiver Rx1, ..., RxN of its reception path. All transmitters Tx1, ... TxN and all receivers Rx1, ... RxN get phase locked Frequency conversion a reference frequency from a Local oscillator LO.
  • Tx1, ..., TxN and after the receivers Rx1, ..., RxN digital done are in the transmission paths Digital-to-analog converter DA1, ..., DAN and in the Reception paths analog-digital converter AD1, ..., ADN.
  • Beam shaping network For all transmit signals and all receive signals is a Beam shaping network available, that in Figure 1 in two Blocks is divided, a block Tx-BFN for the transmission signals and a block Rx-BFN for the received signals.
  • a Beam shaping network available, that in Figure 1 in two Blocks is divided, a block Tx-BFN for the transmission signals and a block Rx-BFN for the received signals.
  • the function of the beamforming network is not discussed here received because e.g. from the above Publications is known.
  • Rx-BFN is on the Send a modulator MD on and on the receive side Demodulator DM switched on.
  • a control device SE controls the duplexers DP1, ..., DPN, e.g. according to the time or frequency duplex method work, and the weighting factors in that Beam forming network Tx-BFN, Rx-BFN.
  • the control signals are illustrated by thick lines in Figure 1.
  • the send and receive signals of each Antenna elements A1, ..., AN are on their transmit and Reception paths between the beam forming network Tx-BFN, Rx-BFN and the gates of the antenna elements A1, ..., AN through various error sources falsified.
  • Such Sources of error can e.g. Production, Installation tolerances, temperature drift, thermal expansion of high-frequency electrical conductors, aging, etc.
  • the errors in the send and receive paths affect the shape of the antenna characteristic, but can by appropriate setting of the weighting factors in Beamforming network Tx-BFN, Rx-BFN can be compensated.
  • the transmission factors i.e. the Transmission functions, the transmission and reception paths of the individual antenna elements A1, ..., AN determined and the on Deviations between the errors due to errors Transmission factors of the reception and transmission paths through appropriate control of the weighting factors of the Beamforming network Tx-BFN, Rx-BFN compensated.
  • a coupling device belongs to the calibration device with 2N gates in the signal paths between the Antenna elements A1, ..., AN and the duplexers DP1, ... DPN is inserted.
  • the gates 1 to N are the Coupling device with the gates of duplexers DP1, ..., DPN and the gates N + 1 to 2N with the gates of the antenna elements A1, ..., AN connected.
  • the coupling device consists of N same directional couplers RK, which in the signal paths between the antenna elements A1, ..., AN and the duplexers DP1, ..., DPN are inserted.
  • the coupling gates of the RK directional coupler the side of the antenna elements A1, ..., AN are with Termination resistors R connected.
  • the coupling gates on the Side of the duplexers DP1, ..., DPN are with the Branch gates VZ of a power divider LT connected.
  • This power divider LT is designed so that its Branch gates VZ over identical line networks with a central gate T are connected.
  • the block diagram of such a power divider, preferably a Wilkinson divider, is shown in Figure 2.
  • This Power divider LT carries all at the branching gates VZ applied signals, these are the output signals of the Directional coupler RK, amplitude and phase at the central Gate T together; or he divides one at the central gate T applied signal in equal proportions with regard to amplitude and phase on the branching gates VZ.
  • the so-called Wilkinson divider that meets the above requirements is in IRE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques, January 1960, pages 116 to 118.
  • a transmission signal is transmitted via a transmission path i (i ⁇ ⁇ 1 ... N ⁇ ).
  • the directional coupler RK decouples part of the transmission signal in front of the associated antenna element Ai.
  • This transmit signal component is routed to the central gate T via the power divider LT.
  • a reflection termination RFX is connected to this central gate T.
  • the transmitted signal component is reflected at this reflection termination RFX and divided into partial signals with the same amplitude and phase at the branching gates VZ.
  • branching gates There are as many branching gates (namely N) as there are reception paths.
  • the individual partial signals derived from the transmission signal are now coupled into the reception paths via the directional coupler RK.
  • the partial signals present at the outputs of the reception paths and picked up by the beam shaping network Rx-BFN are evaluated by the control device SE.
  • a total transmission factor thus results on a signal path which includes the i-th transmission path, the coupling device RK, the power divider LT and the j-th reception path T i (j ⁇ ) * X ij (j ⁇ ) * R J (j ⁇ ) , where T i (j ⁇ ) is the transmission factor of the i-th transmission path, R j (j ⁇ ) is the transmission factor of the j-th reception path and X ij is the transmission factor of the coupling devices RK, the power divider LT and a normally unknown coupling between the antenna elements A1, ..., is ON.
  • the transmission factor X ij is composed of a transmission factor C ij (j ⁇ ), which is attributable to the coupling device and the power divider (LT), and the transmission factor D ij (j ⁇ ) due to a coupling of the antenna elements.
  • Dij (j ⁇ ) D ji (j ⁇ ) (Reciprocity can be assumed here).
  • the termination at the central gate T of the power divider LT must be switchable from reflection to absorption. If the switch is made to absorption, the transmitted signal component decoupled by the coupling device RK is absorbed, and no partial signals are fed back into the reception paths. The signals occurring in the reception paths are then exclusively due to the coupling of the antenna elements A1, ..., AN.
  • M ijD (j ⁇ ) is the measured transmission factor via the transmission path i, the antenna coupling D ij (j ⁇ ) and the reception path j, the termination at the central gate T of the power divider LT being switched to absorption.
  • M ijCD (j ⁇ ) is the measured transmission factor over the transmission path i, the antenna coupling D ij (j ⁇ ), the defined coupling C (j ⁇ ) of the coupling device RK and the power divider LT and the reception path j, the termination RFX at the central gate T. Reflection is switched. The same applies to the measured transmission factors M jiD and M jiCD .
  • the antenna couplings Dij (j ⁇ ) can now be determined from equations (2) or (3).
  • T i (j ⁇ ) M ikD (j ⁇ ) / (R k (j ⁇ ) (C (j ⁇ ) + D ik (j ⁇ )))
  • all transmission factors T i (j ⁇ ) of the transmission paths and all transmission factors R j (j ⁇ ) of the reception paths can be determined in relation to a known transmission factor T n (j ⁇ ) or R n (j ⁇ ).
  • the resulting mutual deviations of the transmission factors of the transmission or reception paths are compensated for by the control device SE by changing the weighting factors in the beam shaping network Tx-BFN, Rx-BFN. This greatly reduces the influence of errors in the transmission and reception paths on the beam shaping.
  • the calibration device described can also be used for a frequency division duplex radio system are used in which the transmission and reception frequency by a fixed Distinguish frequency duplex spacing.
  • the conclusion RFX can be provided with a mixer that meets the incoming Converts signals to the duplex frequency spacing, so that the reflected partial signals in the frequency band of the reception paths lie.
  • the mixer in the Reflection termination RFX as the reference frequency Local oscillator frequency LO, which also the transmitters Tx1, ..., TxN and receiver Rx1, ..., RxN received.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP98123105A 1998-02-19 1998-12-03 Procédé et appareil d'étalonnage d'un réseau d'antennes Withdrawn EP0938155A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19806914 1998-02-19
DE19806914A DE19806914C2 (de) 1998-02-19 1998-02-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren einer Gruppenantenne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0938155A2 true EP0938155A2 (fr) 1999-08-25
EP0938155A3 EP0938155A3 (fr) 2000-09-20

Family

ID=7858260

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98123105A Withdrawn EP0938155A3 (fr) 1998-02-19 1998-12-03 Procédé et appareil d'étalonnage d'un réseau d'antennes

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5940032A (fr)
EP (1) EP0938155A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE19806914C2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1496567A1 (fr) * 2003-07-10 2005-01-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de calibration de transmission et réception des signeaux dans un système de radiocommunication

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DE19943952B4 (de) 1999-09-14 2010-04-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Kalibrieren einer Gruppenantenne
EP1777838B1 (fr) 1999-12-15 2010-02-24 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Appareil émetteur-récepteur doté d'une antenne réseau adaptative
US6445343B1 (en) * 2000-02-16 2002-09-03 Hughes Electronics Corporation Antenna element array alignment system
US6496140B1 (en) * 2001-03-27 2002-12-17 Nokia Networks Oy Method for calibrating a smart-antenna array radio transceiver unit and calibrating system
US20030076257A1 (en) * 2001-10-24 2003-04-24 Neus Padros Antenna array monitor and monitoring method
JP3890988B2 (ja) * 2002-01-23 2007-03-07 ソニー株式会社 送受信システム
JP2003309513A (ja) * 2002-04-16 2003-10-31 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd アダプティブアレイアンテナ受信装置及びアンテナ・アレイ校正方法
DE10237823B4 (de) 2002-08-19 2004-08-26 Kathrein-Werke Kg Antennen-Array mit einer Kalibriereinrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines derartigen Antennen-Arrays
DE10237822B3 (de) 2002-08-19 2004-07-22 Kathrein-Werke Kg Kalibriereinrichtung für ein umschaltbares Antennen-Array sowie ein zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren
WO2004030147A1 (fr) * 2002-09-24 2004-04-08 Nokia Corporation Compensation d'un diagramme de rayonnement dans un systeme radio et systeme radio
DE10301125B3 (de) * 2003-01-14 2004-06-24 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren zur Kalibrierung von Sende- und Empfangspfaden von Antennensystemen
US6891497B2 (en) * 2003-06-25 2005-05-10 Harris Corporation Chirp-based method and apparatus for performing phase calibration across phased array antenna
US6861975B1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2005-03-01 Harris Corporation Chirp-based method and apparatus for performing distributed network phase calibration across phased array antenna
US7274329B2 (en) * 2003-07-11 2007-09-25 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for reducing quantization-induced beam errors by selecting quantized coefficients based on predicted beam quality
US20050007273A1 (en) * 2003-07-11 2005-01-13 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for prediction and correction of gain and phase errors in a beacon or payload
US7268726B2 (en) * 2003-07-11 2007-09-11 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for correction of quantization-induced beacon beam errors
KR101052341B1 (ko) * 2005-12-08 2011-07-27 한국전자통신연구원 다중 안테나를 갖는 스마트 안테나 시스템의 기지국 신호감시 장치
US8106825B1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2012-01-31 Omniphase Research Laboratories, Inc. Distributed receiver
EP2192707A1 (fr) * 2008-11-26 2010-06-02 Nokia Siemens Networks OY Procédé de calibrage d'une antenne active et antenne active
US8154452B2 (en) * 2009-07-08 2012-04-10 Raytheon Company Method and apparatus for phased array antenna field recalibration
CN204243214U (zh) * 2014-10-28 2015-04-01 中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种智能天线装置

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US4532518A (en) * 1982-09-07 1985-07-30 Sperry Corporation Method and apparatus for accurately setting phase shifters to commanded values
US5412414A (en) * 1988-04-08 1995-05-02 Martin Marietta Corporation Self monitoring/calibrating phased array radar and an interchangeable, adjustable transmit/receive sub-assembly
US5038146A (en) * 1990-08-22 1991-08-06 Raytheon Company Array built in test
ATE165685T1 (de) * 1992-07-04 1998-05-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur datenübertragung zwischen einer feststation und sich bewegenden objekten
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US5530449A (en) * 1994-11-18 1996-06-25 Hughes Electronics Phased array antenna management system and calibration method
EP0762541A3 (fr) * 1995-08-29 2000-01-12 DaimlerChrysler AG Dispositif pour calibrer et éprouver des modules émetteurs/récepteurs dans un réseau d'antennes actives à commande électroniqe de phase
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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1496567A1 (fr) * 2003-07-10 2005-01-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de calibration de transmission et réception des signeaux dans un système de radiocommunication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19806914A1 (de) 1999-09-09
US5940032A (en) 1999-08-17
EP0938155A3 (fr) 2000-09-20
DE19806914C2 (de) 2002-01-31

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