EP0938428B1 - Fardeleuse de palettes epicycloidale - Google Patents

Fardeleuse de palettes epicycloidale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0938428B1
EP0938428B1 EP97935515A EP97935515A EP0938428B1 EP 0938428 B1 EP0938428 B1 EP 0938428B1 EP 97935515 A EP97935515 A EP 97935515A EP 97935515 A EP97935515 A EP 97935515A EP 0938428 B1 EP0938428 B1 EP 0938428B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rollers
film
pallets
wrapping machine
annular structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97935515A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0938428A1 (fr
Inventor
Franco Tacchini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Officina Meccanica Sestese SpA
Original Assignee
Officina Meccanica Sestese SpA
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Publication of EP0938428A1 publication Critical patent/EP0938428A1/fr
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Publication of EP0938428B1 publication Critical patent/EP0938428B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
    • B65B11/02—Wrapping articles or quantities of material, without changing their position during the wrapping operation, e.g. in moulds with hinged folders
    • B65B11/025—Wrapping articles or quantities of material, without changing their position during the wrapping operation, e.g. in moulds with hinged folders by webs revolving around stationary articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B2210/00—Specific aspects of the packaging machine
    • B65B2210/14—Details of wrapping machines with web dispensers for application of a continuous web in layers onto the articles
    • B65B2210/18—Details of wrapping machines with web dispensers for application of a continuous web in layers onto the articles the web dispenser being mounted on a rotary ring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wrapping machine for pallets.
  • a wrapping machine for pallets in which the product to be wrapped is in a fixed position and packaging is performed by means of spiral winding of an extendable film onto the product.
  • the tension of the film is approximately constant for an elongation variable from about 80% to about 300% and therefore it is preferred to stretch the film prior to winding thereof around the product, not only to provide it with the desired technical retaining characteristics, but also so as to use less material while achieving the same results.
  • This elongation also referred to as pre-stretching, is generally performed at the same time as unwinding of the film, by causing the latter to pass between a pair of rubberized rollers, shortly spaced apart and having different rotational speeds: the downstream roller rotates faster than the upstream roller, causing elongation of the film.
  • the short distance between the two rollers has the purpose of preventing transverse contraction of the extendable film, a contraction which would not allow the desired pre-stretching in the longitudinal direction.
  • the pre-stretching unit over time, has assumed different forms and characteristics with a view to constantly improving its performance and overcoming the intrinsic problems associated with operation thereof.
  • the pre-stretching unit must not only simply release the stretched film, causing it to unwind from the bobbin, but must be able to ensure that the operating parameters, such as the feed speed and the tension imparted to the film, remain as constant as possible despite the fact that the winding conditions vary with a certain regularity.
  • the most simple and economical solution adopted generally consists in connecting the two rubberized idle rollers by means of a pair of fixed gears of different diameter. In this way the speed ratio between the two rollers - and hence the pre-stretching tension - remains constant and the film is unwound from the bobbin, causing rotation also of the rubberized rollers, owing to the tension imputed to the film and which is generated as a result of the relative movement between bobbin of reel and product.
  • the most advanced wrapping machines for pallets use a motorized pre-stretching unit in which at least one of the two rollers is motor-driven and the speed of rotation of the pre-stretching unit, and indirectly the feed speed of the film, are regulated on the basis of the tension detected on the film downstream of the pre-stretching unit.
  • the tension of the film is detected by means of a so-called "jockey roller” consisting of a roller which is mounted on the end of an oscillating arm and over which the film travels: the tension of the film causes the arm of the jockey roller to oscillate, activating electric systems which emit a regulating signal for driving the pre-stretching unit.
  • the rubberized rollers may be driven independently, or use may be made of a motor-driven roller coupled with a braked one, and so on.
  • the wrapping machines for pallets used hitherto in the art consist substantially of two constructional types: one type where the bobbin of extendable material and the pre-stretching unit are mounted so as to slide vertically on a column and the product is made to rotate on a rotating platform, and another type where the product is fixed and the bobbin with the pre-stretching unit are made to rotate in a spiral path around the product to be packaged.
  • the second type is specially designed for high productivity and is the one to which the invention refers.
  • the bobbin and the pre-stretching unit are mounted on a support bracket which describes a circular trajectory as it moves along the axis of the spiral.
  • This movement is obtained substantially by two methods: by means of a rotating arm, hinged on a vertical axis at the top of the product, or by means of a rotating ring, surrounding the product, both moving vertically on suitable guides formed, normally, on a bridge frame which embraces the transportation line on which the palletized products travel.
  • the bobbin and the pre-stretching unit mounted on the support bracket constitute a not insignificant mass, of the order of 70-80 kg, which shall be made to rotate along a circular trajectory with a wide radius (for palletized products, a minimum diameter of about 2 m is required) and with an angular speed of about one revolution per second, thus generating considerable centrifugal forces.
  • a not insignificant mass of the order of 70-80 kg, which shall be made to rotate along a circular trajectory with a wide radius (for palletized products, a minimum diameter of about 2 m is required) and with an angular speed of about one revolution per second, thus generating considerable centrifugal forces.
  • the motor for the driving system must be necessarily mounted together with the pre-stretching unit on the support bracket. This involves the transfer of power, an electric power for the most part of the cases of electric power, from a fixed installation to the motor in movement along a circular trajectory.
  • the power supply line will therefore make use of sliding contacts or other known systems, but will nevertheless be complex and costly.
  • the bobbin may run out at a time when the operator is involved in other operations and therefore the machine downtime will also be determined by the time necessary for the operator to realize that replacement is required and to interrupt the operation which he was already performing.
  • the bobbin runs out without having completely enveloped a product: in this case the operator is obliged to eliminate the portion of film already wound on the product and recommence the packaging of that product so as to avoid the same remaining slack or incomplete.
  • US-5,027,581 discloses a wrapping machine comprising a ring structure embracing the work to be wrapped and rotatable in a vertical plane, said ring being equipped with guiding rollers, dispensing roller and a bobbin of stretchable plastic film.
  • a drive means is provided to cause rotation of the ring through direct engagement with a driven belt; accordingly, the rotation of the ring structure is determined solely by the speed of the belt and, hence, tension in the film is affected by the shape and position of the work to be wrapped; further, a portion of the film, which is not enough to complete the wrapping operation of the work, is eliminated when the bobbin reaches its almost completely unwound status; finally the pre-stretching unit is not self-sensitive to the tension of the film and must be properly controlled.
  • the object of the present Invention is therefore that of eliminating entirely all the drawbacks mentioned above and, in particular, of providing a machine which is able to wrap a product, resting on the pallet in a fixed position, with an extendable film, by stretching the film itself, during feeding thereof, in a constant and uniform manner and without making use of complicated mechanisms for adjusting the tension; preferred embodiment, this machine must also allow elimination of the dead time resulting from machine stoppage and facilitate maintenance work by the operator; a final object is that of achieving the aforementioned features with a machine which is both streamlined and lightweight and which thus allows a reduction in the manufacturing and rigging costs.
  • a wrapping machine for pallets of the type defined in claim 1 comprising a fixed frame on which there is mounted an annular structure surrounding a product to be wrapped and translatable with respect thereto, wherein a film of plastic material is distributed around said product by the annular structure, wherein said annular structure has a configuration in the form of an epicycloidal gearing in which the spider, the planetary gears and the driving gear consist, respectively, of an annular support, a set of rollers rotatably mounted on parallel axes mounted on said annular support along a circular line, and a driving element operated by motor means and acting on said rollers, and wherein said film is supplied from the outside of said annular structure and, crossing said annular structure between two of its adjacent rollers, is distributed internally by the rotation of said annular structure, so as to be applied in turns on said product.
  • a bridge frame P of a known type, is located across a transportation line T, at the position for packaging towards which a product C, resting on a pallet, moves.
  • the machine which actually performs wrapping with the extendable film consists of a ring structure N (which can be seen in Fig. 1 in the raised position) mounted so as to slide vertically on the bridge frame P and raised and lowered by means of a raising system operated by a motor M.
  • the annular structure N consists of a pair of annular rims - a lower one 1 and upper one 2 - which are fixed together by a set of pins arranged along an ideal circular line, on which there rotate rollers 3 mounted idle between said rims 1 and 2 which thus form an annular support for said rollers.
  • the two rims 1 and 2 are guided on a guiding frame 4 so that they are free to rotate in their plane.
  • the guiding frame 4 comprises a set of wheels 5, in particular eight wheels 5 (Fig. 3), which are arranged uniformly along the perimeter of the rims 1 and 2 and on which the annular structure N is supported, being free to rotate.
  • An endless belt 6 extends over the rollers 3, on the outside thereof, embracing the entire set of rollers 3 as shown in Fig. 3, and also traveling over a driving pulley 7 of a power motor 8 (Figs. 4 and 5) arranged on the outside of the annular structure N.
  • an epicycloidal transmission system in which the planetary gears are the rollers 3, the spider consists of the combined arrangement of the two rims 1 and 2, and the belt 6 forms the driving gear; the movement of the belt 6 is transmitted to the rollers 3 and to the rims 1 and 2 by suitably adjusting the resistance to the movement offered by them: should, for example, the two rims 1 and 2 be stopped, the movement of the belt would be converted totally into a rotation of the rollers 3 about their axes and, vice versa, if rotation of the rollers 3 were blocked, the movement of the belt 6 would produce rotational driving of the two rims 1 and 2 together with the rollers fixed thereto.
  • rollers 3 - the roller 3a - is rubberized and is coupled with a corresponding rubberized roller 3b, arranged at a short distance from the roller 3a and further internally with respect to the ideal circular line described by the set of rollers (Fig. 5).
  • These two rollers 3a and 3b form a pre-stretching unit, which was discussed in detail above, having a well known configuration.
  • they are connected by means of a gear-type coupling arrangement which provides a transmission ratio such that the roller 3b rotates at a greater speed than the roller 3a.
  • a bobbin 9 of extendable plastic film is mounted, externally with respect to the ring structure N, on a suitable support (not shown) which allows free rotation thereof.
  • an end of the film 10 is passed onto the roller 3a and then, in the opposite direction of rotation, onto the roller 3b as well, and, by means of a transmission roller 11, is guided finally, with automatic gripper systems of the known type, which we shall not consider here, onto the product to be wrapped.
  • the film 10 does not interfere with the belt 6 since the latter adheres to a upper portion of the rollers 3 (as can be clearly seen in Fig. 4), whereas the film adheres to the remaining portion thereof.
  • the belt 6 causes rotation of the annular structure N which, in turn, causes rotation, about the product C, of the point where the extendable film 10 is released - which corresponds to the position of the transmission roller 11 - performing the desired winding action.
  • the spiral path of the point where the film adheres onto the product C is obtained by combining the rotary movement of the annular structure N with vertical translation thereof on the bridge frame P.
  • the epicycloidal system described has a fairly important characteristic feature, namely it constitutes a superb self-adjusting mechanism for the feeding tension of the film 10.
  • the feeding tension of a greater quantity of film is required, resulting in an increase in the tension exerted thereon.
  • the increase in tension immediately produces an equal and opposite reaction on the transmission roller 11 and on the pre-stretching unit, resulting in a braking action on the annular structure N.
  • This equilibrium condition is typical of the particular working condition of the epicycloidal system, in particular the internal friction of the system and speed of the belt 6, and therefore may be regulated, for example, by suitably adjusting the braking system mentioned above.
  • the ideal braking condition is the one where, with practically zero tension, i.e. where no film is required, there is also no feeding of the film, namely rotation of the annular structure occurs exclusively without rotation of the rollers.
  • Another fairly interesting aspect of the wrapping machine for pallets according to the invention consists in the fact that, since the bobbin is mounted externally of the annular structure, it unwinds the film both onto the product C and onto the perimeter of the annular structure itself.
  • the maximum thickness which the strip 10a may assume is 10 mm, which, for a diameter of 2 m typical of the annular structure N, means a variation in length of 1 % between the innermost ring and the outermost ring. This variation is entirely negligible, in terms of the behaviour of the strip 10a, for a material which is able to undergo elongation of up to 300%.
  • the latter are preferably connected together, for example either by means of a series of short belts 12 which connect each roller 3 to the next one, or via a single peripheral belt when the perimeter to be embraced is small.
  • These short belts 12 are preferably arranged on the upper portion of the rollers 3, underneath the drive belt 6. This arrangement also allows the movement to be transferred to the feed roller 3a, and hence to the pre-stretching unit, when the feed roller is located in the position illustrated in Fig. 5, i.e. at a position where it is not affected by the direct action of the belt 6.
  • the internal diameter of the annular structure N shall be greater than about 1900 mm and its maximum dimension may be easily contained within 2300 mm, compared to the 2500 - 2600 mm of pallet wrapping machines constructed in accordance with the known art: this means that the entire machine may be loaded into the storage container of a lorry (width 2400 mm) without having to disassemble and reassemble the machine at its destination.
  • a pallet wrapping machine which is simplified compared to the one described above, i.e. in which the bobbin is mounted fixed to the annular support defined by the two circular rims 1 and 2 (Figs. 6 and 7), is provided.
  • the bobbin 9 there is no longer a relative movement between the bobbin 9 and the rims which results in the film being wound gradually onto the external perimeter of the rollers 3. Therefore, in the absence of the accumulating function of these rollers 3, it is no longer necessary for them to have a length at least equivalent to the height of the film, but it is sufficient for them to have an adequate length for engagement with the short belts 12.
  • the bobbin is mounted entirely in cantilever fashion, projecting perpendicularly from one of the two annular rims, and likewise the rollers of the pre-stretching unit also project from the same side.
  • This solution involves an advantageous constructional simplification, which consists in a greater lightness of the annular structure and in a reduction in costs, even though it means having to dispense with some of the advantages described above, including the possibility of creating an accumulation of film, so as to allow more efficient changing of the bobbin, and the elimination of eccentric masses, so as to lighten the supporting structure.
  • the driving belt 6 could be replaced by a crown gear which engages, internally, with the rollers provided with pinions and, externally, with a driving pinion made to rotate by the motor 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes du type comprenant un châssis fixe (P) sur lequel est montée une structure annulaire (N), entourant un produit (C) devant être enveloppé d'un film (10) de matière plastique dévidé d'une bobine, et comprenant :
    un support annulaire (1, 2), tournant dans son plan au moyen d'un élément d'entraínement (6), et
    un jeu de rouleaux (3) montés en rotation sur des axes parallèles et supportés par ledit support annulaire (1, 2) le long d'une ligne circulaire, sur lesquels ledit film est guidé, un des rouleaux (3a) étant un rouleau d'alimentation adapté à distribuer ledit film vers l'intérieur de ladite structure annulaire (N), caractérisée en ce que la structure annulaire (N) est adaptée à un déplacement en translation par rapport au produit (C) et en ce que ledit élément d'entraínement (6) englobe au moins partiellement les rouleaux (3), portant sur leur périphérie, et est adapté à produire une rotation des rouleaux (3) sur eux-mêmes et une rotation de ceux-ci autour de l'axe central de la structure annulaire (N), ledit support annulaire (1, 2), jeu de rouleaux (3) et élément d'entraínement (6) constituant, respectivement, le satellite, les planétaires et la roue menante d'un engrenage épicycloïdal.
  2. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ledit élément d'entraínement est une courroie sans fin (6) actionnée par un moyen de moteur sous la forme d'une poulie (7).
  3. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon les revendications 1 et 2, dans laquelle une unité d'étirage préalable (3a, 3b) est également prévue sur le support annulaire (1, 2) pour distribuer un film étiré vers ledit produit (C).
  4. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle ladite unité d'étirage préalable comprend un rouleau principal (3a) coïncidant avec ledit rouleau d'alimentation (3a) dudit jeu de rouleaux (3), et au moins un autre rouleau secondaire (3b), qui sont situés à une courte distance l'un de l'autre et sont reliés mécaniquement avec un rapport de transmission de manière que le rouleau secondaire (3b) tourne plus rapidement que le rouleau principal (3a), ledit film pouvant être étiré (10) subissant un allongement lorsqu'il passe du rouleau principal (3a) au rouleau secondaire (3b).
  5. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, comprenant également un système de freinage agissant soit sur le support annulaire (1, 2), soit sur les rouleaux (3).
  6. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le support annulaire comprend une paire de rebords annulaires parallèles (1, 2) entre lesquels les rouleaux (3) sont montés en rotation.
  7. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle le système de freinage agit sur au moins l'un desdits rebords.
  8. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle lesdits rouleaux (3) sont synchronisés en rotation par des moyens de connexion réciproques.
  9. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle lesdits moyens de connexion réciproques sont de courtes courroies (12) qui relient les rouleaux (3) les uns aux autres.
  10. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle ladite courroie d'entraínement sans fin (6) englobe lesdits rouleaux (3) portant sur lesdites courtes courroies (12).
  11. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite structure annulaire (N) est guidée par une pluralité de roues de support (5) réparties le long de sa périphérie et montées en rotation sur un châssis de guidage à translation (4).
  12. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle le moyen de moteur (7) qui actionne l'élément d'entraínement (6) et une bobine (9) distribuant le film (10) sont montés extérieurement par rapport à la structure annulaire (N), sur ledit châssis de guidage (4).
  13. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle lesdits rouleaux (3) ont une longueur au moins égale à la hauteur du film (10).
  14. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans laquelle le moyen de moteur (7), qui actionne l'élément d'entraínement (6) est monté extérieurement par rapport à la structure annulaire (N) et ladite bobine (9) distribuant le film est montée sur ledit support annulaire (1, 2).
  15. Machine d'enveloppement pour palettes selon la revendication 14, dans laquelle la bobine (9) est montée en porte-à-faux, faisant saillie depuis un côté dudit support annulaire (1, 2) et uniquement lesdits rouleaux (3a, 3b) formant l'unité d'étirage préalable s'étendent sur une longueur au moins égale à la hauteur du film pouvant être étiré (10).
EP97935515A 1996-11-18 1997-07-09 Fardeleuse de palettes epicycloidale Expired - Lifetime EP0938428B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT96MI002394A IT1287108B1 (it) 1996-11-18 1996-11-18 Fasciapallet epicicloidale
ITMI962394 1996-11-18
PCT/EP1997/003628 WO1998022346A1 (fr) 1996-11-18 1997-07-09 Fardeleuse de palettes epicycloidale

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0938428A1 EP0938428A1 (fr) 1999-09-01
EP0938428B1 true EP0938428B1 (fr) 2000-10-18

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97935515A Expired - Lifetime EP0938428B1 (fr) 1996-11-18 1997-07-09 Fardeleuse de palettes epicycloidale

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0938428B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE197027T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69703359T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2151291T3 (fr)
IT (1) IT1287108B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998022346A1 (fr)

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ITMO20060221A1 (it) 2006-07-07 2008-01-08 Aetna Group Spa Macchina avvolgitrice e metodi di avvolgimento
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US20130077910A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 Siemens Industry, Inc. High speed mechanical bearing using fixed rollers
CA3093344C (fr) 2012-06-08 2023-03-28 Wulftec International Inc. Appareil pour emballer une charge et fournir une pellicule pour emballer une charge et procedes associes
EP2917114B1 (fr) 2012-10-25 2019-12-25 Lantech.Com, Llc Enveloppement basé sur une circonférence effective
US9932137B2 (en) 2012-10-25 2018-04-03 Lantech.Com, Llc Corner geometry-based wrapping
CA2889570C (fr) 2012-10-25 2020-10-27 Lantech.Com, Llc Enveloppement base sur un angle de rotation
EP3461754B1 (fr) 2013-02-13 2020-04-29 Lantech.Com LLC Profilage de matériau d'emballage pour un emballage à base de force de confinement
SMT202400137T1 (it) 2014-01-14 2024-05-14 Lantech Com Llc Regolazione dinamica del parametro di forza di avvolgimento in risposta a forza di avvolgimento monitorata e/o per la riduzione di rottura della pellicola
US10926906B2 (en) 2014-10-07 2021-02-23 Lantech.Com, Llc Load stability-based wrapping
WO2017053603A1 (fr) 2015-09-25 2017-03-30 Lantech.Com, Llc Machine d'emballage sous film étirable à établissement de profil de charge automatique
CN106962963B (zh) * 2017-05-03 2023-06-02 连云港瑞洋牧业有限公司 发酵饲草的生产系统
US11667416B2 (en) 2017-09-22 2023-06-06 Lantech.Com, Llc Load wrapping apparatus wrap profiles with controlled wrap cycle interruptions
CN108327951A (zh) * 2017-12-23 2018-07-27 安徽耐科挤出科技股份有限公司 齿轮传动式型材缠绕捆扎机构
WO2020033306A1 (fr) 2018-08-06 2020-02-13 Lantech.Com, Llc Emballeuse sous film étirable avec contrôle de débit de distribution par ajustement de courbe
US11987405B2 (en) 2018-12-04 2024-05-21 Aetna Group S.P.A. Method and apparatus for wrapping a load and wrapping machine
WO2021050420A1 (fr) 2019-09-09 2021-03-18 Lantech.Com, Llc Emballeuse sous film rétractable à contrôle de la vitesse de distribution basé sur la vitesse détectée du matériau d'emballage distribué et la géométrie prédite de la charge
EP4031455A4 (fr) 2019-09-19 2024-04-03 Lantech.Com, Llc Classement de matériaux d'emballage et/ou profils d'usine
CN116477101B (zh) * 2023-06-21 2023-08-25 广州市鸿大胶粘制品有限公司 一种薄膜绕包装置

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Publication number Publication date
IT1287108B1 (it) 1998-08-04
DE69703359T2 (de) 2001-05-17
ITMI962394A1 (it) 1998-05-18
WO1998022346A1 (fr) 1998-05-28
ES2151291T3 (es) 2000-12-16
ATE197027T1 (de) 2000-11-15
EP0938428A1 (fr) 1999-09-01
DE69703359D1 (de) 2000-11-23
ITMI962394A0 (it) 1996-11-18

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