EP0949219B1 - Verfahren und ofen mit bogenförmig angeordneten heizelementen zum biegen von flachen keramischen folien zu gekrümmten keramischen folien mittels wärmebehandlung - Google Patents

Verfahren und ofen mit bogenförmig angeordneten heizelementen zum biegen von flachen keramischen folien zu gekrümmten keramischen folien mittels wärmebehandlung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0949219B1
EP0949219B1 EP97920488A EP97920488A EP0949219B1 EP 0949219 B1 EP0949219 B1 EP 0949219B1 EP 97920488 A EP97920488 A EP 97920488A EP 97920488 A EP97920488 A EP 97920488A EP 0949219 B1 EP0949219 B1 EP 0949219B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
curved
ceramic
sheet
electric heating
heating elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP97920488A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0949219A4 (de
EP0949219A1 (de
Inventor
Shuliang Cao
Yi Du
Jianhua Xu
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Institute of New Materials
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Institute of New Materials
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/003—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles the shaping of preshaped articles, e.g. by bending
    • B28B11/005—Using heat to allow reshaping, e.g. to soften ceramic articles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B1/00 - F27B15/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
    • F27D2099/0008—Resistor heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/04—Ram or pusher apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for manufacturing ceramic curved sheets, more specifically, to a process and (arc) curved oven for bending ceramic flat sheets into ceramic curved sheets by (heat treat) heat-treatment.
  • curved wall surfaces and circular corners were decorated by using small size ceramic tiles, colored or coated flat glass sheets, curved glass sheets and curved stainless steel sheets as ornament materials, and circular columns were decorated by using small ceramic tiles, polished stainless steel sheets, curved plastics sprayed steel sheets, ground granite or marble curved sheets as ornament materials.
  • the ceramic curved sheets also known as ceramic arc sheets, building ceramic curved ornament sheets or building ceramic arc ornament sheets, is a kind of ceramic products with curved shape.
  • Chinese Patent CN91106432.X disclosed a process for producing ceramic curved sheets by using curved refractory mould. The process can be used to produce expected ceramic curved sheets with accurate size, but it has the disadvantages of low productivity and high energy consumption.
  • Chinese Patent application CN 94110777.9 disclosed a process for producing ceramic curved sheets with multilayer refractory mould. The process has the advantage of high produtivity, but it is difficult to produce products with identical radius of curvature in one oven due to the temperature difference between the upper part and the lower part of the oven. Since the curved shaping surface was not adopted, the ceramic curved sheets obtained have low accuracy of size, especially for producing the products with small radius of curvature.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a process for manufacturing ceramic curved sheets with various radii of curvature and high accuracy of size in low energy consumption and low cost.
  • the ceramic flat sheets according to the present invention refer to fired porcelain, semi-porcelain or pottery sheets for the building decoration, with glaze or unglazed, ground or unground surface. It should be understood that the ceramic flat sheets according to the present invention refer to the ceramic sheets with flat shape, but also include slightly curved ceramic sheets.
  • the heating temperature and time which depend on the materials of the ceramic flat sheets, the radius of curvature and size of the ceramic curved sheets to be produced, can be determined by the person skilled in the art through conventional experiments.
  • the heating temperature of the oven chamber is in the range of 550 °C -1200 °C.
  • the radius of ceramic curved sheets prepared by the previous described process is great than or equals to 0.1 meter.
  • At least one anchoring component is bonded to the back surface of the said ceramic flat sheet with low melting point ceramic slurry prior to the step 1), the anchoring component is a ceramic component having a big end and a small end and there is a groove at the small end, and the small end of the anchoring component is bonded to the ceramic flat sheet, the anchoring component being fired together with the ceramic flat sheet and a through hole being formed at the joint between the anchoring component and the ceramic flat sheet after the heat treatment.
  • the ceramic curved sheet with the anchoring component has the following advantages, i.e.
  • the big end of the anchoring component can be pressed into the cement mortar layer or bonding layer, thereby increasing the bonding force.
  • the ceramic curved sheet can be fixed firmly to the facade of a building with the aid of copper wires or other metal wires which pass through the hole formed at the joint and connected to fixing components in the walls of the building.
  • the ceramic curved sheet can be ground by manual or mechanical method.
  • the grinding can be carried out by the methods well known to the persons skilled in the art.
  • the grinding and polishing can be carried out by circular grinder, internal grinder, oscillating grinder, abrasive belt grinder.
  • the invention provides a curved oven for bending ceramic flat sheets into ceramic curved sheets, which comprises electric heating elements, heat insulation materials and a oven shell, characterized in that at least some of the electric heating elements are in curved arrangements, forming a curved shaping surface divectly; or that a layer of refractory material is filled and covered on said electric heating elements which are in curved arrangement, forming a continuous, smooth curved shaping surface ; or that a curved refractory lining is installed on and contacted tightly with the curved surface defined by the electric heating elements in a curved arrangement, thereby forming a continuous, smooth curved shaping surface by at least part surface of the refractory lining; wherein the radius of the said curved shaping surface is identical to that of the ceramic curved sheet to be produced.
  • the electric heating elements of the curved oven according to the present invention are well known in the art, for example, they can be the elements made from silicon carbide, molybdenum silicide, graphite or electric resistance wires etc., which can release heat by passing through electricity.
  • the shape of the electric heating elements can be rod, tube, strip, block or plate.
  • the inner top face of the curved oven according to the present invention can be constituted by insulation materials or some electric heating elements can also be included so long as to obtain a homogeneous temperature field in the oven chamber.
  • the curved shaping surface of the curved oven according to the present invention can be designed that the concave surface is upwarding or the convex surface is upwarding.
  • two ends of a ceramic flat sheet are placed on the curved shaping surface if the concave surface of the curved shaping surface is upward. If the convex surface of the surface shaping surface is upward, the middle of the ceramic flat sheet is placed on the convex surface.
  • the process for bending ceramic flat sheets into ceramic curved sheets according to the present invention is a significant improvment to the process for making ceramic curved sheets with curved refractory mould.
  • the curved refractory mould has a large volume and is heavy. Generally, the mass of the curved refractory mould is as several times to tens times as that of the ceramic sheet on it.
  • the mould has to be heated together with the ceramic sheet. Since the mould has a high heat capacity, its heating or cooling needs very long time, leading to a very high energy consumption and low productivity.
  • the mass of the curved mould made of common refractory is about 100kg.
  • the curved shaping surface which is substantially defined by electric heating elements is used, the curved refractory mould is cancelled, thereby descreasing the heat capacity in the system, resulting in the decrease of heating and cooling time, and decreasing the energy consumption. The goal of increasing the productivity and decreasing the cost have been achieved.
  • a ceramic flat sheet 4 of 600mm ⁇ 600mm ⁇ 10mm is placed into a curved oven having the constructure as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the ceramic anchoring components 3 is bonded to the ceramic flat sheet by ceramic slurry with low melting point.
  • the radius of curvature of the curved shaping surface 10 defined by the electric heating elements 5 is 450mm.
  • the ceramic sheet is heating at a temperature of 1080 °C for 20 minutes to make it bend and contact with the curved shaping surface 10. After cooling, a ceramic curved sheet with a radius of curvature of 450mm is obtained which can be used as cylindrical decorating sheet for buildings after its surface being polished with circular grinder.
  • a ceramic flat sheet 4 of 500mm ⁇ 500mm ⁇ 10mm is placed into a curved oven having the constructure as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the ceramic anchoring component 3 is bonded to the ceramic flat sheet by ceramic slurry with low melting point.
  • the radius of curvature of the continuous, smooth, curved shaping surface 10' formed by the refractory material 13 is 3m.
  • the ceramic flat sheet is heating at a temperature of 850 °C for 20 minutes to make it bend and contact with the curved shaping surface 10'. After cooling, a ceramic curved sheet with a radius of curvature of 3m is obtained.
  • a ceramic flat sheet 4 of 600mm ⁇ 600mm ⁇ 10mm is placed into a curved oven having the constructure as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the ceramic anchoring component 3 is bonded to the ceramic flat sheet by ceramic slurry with low melting point.
  • the radius of curvature of the curved shaping surface 10 defined by the electric heating elements 5 is 600mm.
  • the ceramic sheet 4 is holding at a temperature of 1040 °C for 20 minutes to make it bend and contact with the curved shaping surface 10. After cooling, a ceramic curved sheet with a radius of curvature of 600mm is obtained.
  • a ceramic flat sheet of 1200mm ⁇ 800mm ⁇ 14mm is placed into a curved oven having the constructure as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the radius of curvature of the curved shaping surface 10 defined by the electric heating elements 5 is 900mm.
  • the ceramic sheet is holding at a temperature of 1020 °C for 15 minutes to make it bend and to make one surface 9 of it contact with the curved shaping surface 10. After cooling, a ceramic curved sheet with a radius of curvature of 900mm is obtained.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Ein Verfahren zum Biegen einer flachen Keramikplatte in eine gekrümmte Keramikplatte mit den folgenden Schritten:
    1) Anordnen der flachen Keramikplatte (4) in einer Ofenkammer (8), die durch elektrische Heizelemente (5) definiert ist, von denen wenigstens einige elektrische Heizelemente (5) eine gekrümmte Anordnung aufweisen;
    2) Steuern der Heiztemperatur und -zeit der Ofenkammer, um die flache Keramikplatte (4) zu heizen und zu biegen, bis eine Oberfläche (9) des Bogens mit der gekrümmten formgebenden Oberfläche (10, 10', 10"), die im wesentlichen durch die elektrischen Heizelemente (5) definiert ist, in Berührung kommt und übereinstimmt;
    3) Kühlen der Ofenkammer und Entfernen der gekrümmten Keramikplatte (7).
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heiztemperatur der Ofenkammer (8) im Bereich von 550°C bis 1200°C geregelt ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die flache Keramikplatte (4) auf gebranntes Porzellan, Porzellanimitat oder Töpferei-Keramikplatten mit polierten oder unpolierten, glasierten oder unglasierten Oberflächen bezieht.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Krümmungsradius der resultierenden gekrümmten Keramikplatte größer oder gleich 0,1 m ist.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor Schritt 1) wenigstens ein Befestigungselement (3) auf der Rückseite der flachen Keramikplatte (4) mit niedrig schmelzendem Keramikbrei fixiert ist, wobei das Befestigungselement (3) ein keramisches Element mit einem breiten und einem schmalen Ende ist und eine Rille sich an dem schmalen Ende befindet und wobei das schmale Ende des Befestigungselements an der flachen Keramikplatte fixiert ist, das Befestigungselement zusammen mit der flachen Keramikplatte gebrannt wird und eine Durchgangsöffnung am Übergang zwischen dem Befestigungselement und der flachen Keramikplatte nach der Wärmebehandlung gebildet wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aus Schritt 3) erhaltene gekrümmte Keramikplatte mittels manueller oder maschineller Methoden geschliffen werden kann.
  7. Gekrümmter Ofen zum Biegen einer flachen Keramikplatte in eine gekrümmte Keramikplatte, elektrische Heizelemente (5), Isolationsmaterial (2) und einen Ofenmantel (12) enthaltend, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens einige der elektrischen Heizelemente (5) eine gekrümmte Anordnung aufweisen, die unmittelbar eine gekrümmte formgebende Oberfläche (10) bilden; oder dass eine Schicht feuerfesten Materials (6) in die elektrischen Heizelemente (5) gefüllt ist und diese in einer gebogenen Anordnung bedeckt und dabei eine kontinuierliche, glatt gekrümmte formgebende Oberfläche (10') bildet; oder dass eine gekrümmte, feuerfeste Auskleidung (13) auf der gekrümmten Oberfläche, die durch die elektrischen Heizelemente in gekrümmter Anordnung definiert ist, angebracht ist und mit dieser eng anliegend in Berührung steht und dabei eine kontinuierliche, glatt gekrümmte formgebende Oberfläche (10") durch wenigstens eine Teilfläche der feuerfesten Auskleidung bildet; wobei der Radius der gekrümmten formgebenden Oberfläche (10, 10', 10") identisch mit dem der herzustellenden gekrümmten Keramikplatte ist.
  8. Gekrümmter Ofen nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrischen Heizelemente (5) stab-, rohr-, streifen-, block- oder plattenförmig sein können.
  9. Gekrümmter Ofen nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die konkave Oberfläche der gekrümmten formgebenden Oberfläche (10, 10', 10") aufwärts gerichtet ist.
  10. Gekrümmter Ofen nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die konvexe Oberfläche der gekrümmten formgebenden Oberfläche (10) aufwärts gerichtet ist.
  11. Gekrümmter Ofen nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die feuerfeste Auskleidung aus feuerfestem Stab-, Rohr-, Streifen-, Block- oder Plattenmaterial zusammengesetzt ist.
EP97920488A 1996-05-07 1997-05-07 Verfahren und ofen mit bogenförmig angeordneten heizelementen zum biegen von flachen keramischen folien zu gekrümmten keramischen folien mittels wärmebehandlung Expired - Lifetime EP0949219B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN96115770 1996-05-07
CN96115770A CN1062537C (zh) 1996-05-07 1996-05-07 陶瓷曲面板的制造方法及弧型炉
PCT/CN1997/000041 WO1997042134A1 (en) 1996-05-07 1997-05-07 The process and arc oven for bending ceramic flat sheets into ceramic curved sheets by heat treat

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0949219A1 EP0949219A1 (de) 1999-10-13
EP0949219A4 EP0949219A4 (de) 1999-10-20
EP0949219B1 true EP0949219B1 (de) 2001-09-19

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EP97920488A Expired - Lifetime EP0949219B1 (de) 1996-05-07 1997-05-07 Verfahren und ofen mit bogenförmig angeordneten heizelementen zum biegen von flachen keramischen folien zu gekrümmten keramischen folien mittels wärmebehandlung

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EP (1) EP0949219B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1062537C (de)
AU (1) AU2689097A (de)
WO (1) WO1997042134A1 (de)

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ES2355993A1 (es) * 2008-09-12 2011-04-01 Cleto Parra Muñoz Método para fabricar piezas de material porcelánico, dispositivo y producto obtenido.
CN103934887A (zh) * 2014-05-12 2014-07-23 四川省明珠陶瓷有限公司 波纹边凹凸面瓷砖制作底模芯
CN105115298A (zh) * 2015-09-14 2015-12-02 陈海花 一种电阻炉
ES2695501B2 (es) 2017-06-30 2019-05-16 Manufacturas Siles S L Procedimiento de realización de un fregadero a partir de placas planas de material cerámico compactado porcelánico de baja porosidad
CN109252055A (zh) * 2018-09-13 2019-01-22 洛阳新远大冶金成套设备有限公司 铝液除气箱和铝液除气设备
CN110253729A (zh) * 2019-06-03 2019-09-20 陈培鑫 一种陶瓷薄板的二次加工方法
ES2823061A1 (es) * 2019-11-04 2021-05-05 Sucofade S L Procedimiento de realizacion de mobiliario recto o curvado a partir de placas planas de material porcelanico
CN112008900B (zh) * 2020-08-31 2022-07-22 广东东唯新材料有限公司 陶瓷岩板热加工弯曲成型装置及其成型方法
CN111960653B (zh) * 2020-09-21 2024-08-20 佛山市澳美达智能科技有限公司 不同形状岩板的热加工装置及方法
CN113979722B (zh) * 2021-11-25 2023-04-11 广东东唯新材料有限公司 一种陶瓷坯料、陶瓷曲面岩板
CN114180974B (zh) * 2021-12-29 2022-10-14 广东东唯新材料有限公司 一种具有连纹装饰的曲面岩板的制备方法及曲面岩板
CN114853342B (zh) * 2022-04-12 2023-10-17 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 一种热弯亮光陶瓷岩板及其制备方法
CN116640007B (zh) * 2023-06-05 2024-07-09 清远市简一陶瓷有限公司 一种耐高温耐腐蚀延展性好的弯曲大理石瓷砖及其制备方法
CN117445201B (zh) * 2023-12-22 2024-04-09 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 一种圆柱弧形岩板热加工模具及热加工方法

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JPH01305867A (ja) * 1988-06-02 1989-12-11 Inax Corp 彎曲タイルの製造方法
CN1039806C (zh) * 1991-10-08 1998-09-16 山东省新材料研究所 曲面陶瓷板或曲面陶瓷砖的制造方法
CN1049643C (zh) * 1994-09-05 2000-02-23 山东省科学院新材料研究所 陶瓷曲面板的制造方法及多层耐火支具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0949219A4 (de) 1999-10-20
WO1997042134A1 (en) 1997-11-13
AU2689097A (en) 1997-11-26
EP0949219A1 (de) 1999-10-13
CN1164460A (zh) 1997-11-12
CN1062537C (zh) 2001-02-28

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