EP0952894A1 - Verfahren zur mehrschichtlackierung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur mehrschichtlackierungInfo
- Publication number
- EP0952894A1 EP0952894A1 EP97950199A EP97950199A EP0952894A1 EP 0952894 A1 EP0952894 A1 EP 0952894A1 EP 97950199 A EP97950199 A EP 97950199A EP 97950199 A EP97950199 A EP 97950199A EP 0952894 A1 EP0952894 A1 EP 0952894A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- coating
- basecoat
- coating agent
- primer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 159
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000001652 electrophoretic deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002987 primer (paints) Substances 0.000 description 48
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 37
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 dispersing aids Substances 0.000 description 3
- ARZLUCYKIWYSHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethoxymethanol Chemical compound OCOCO ARZLUCYKIWYSHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001034 iron oxide pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 235000019592 roughness Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FWGZLZNGAVBRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;strontium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Sr] FWGZLZNGAVBRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012799 electrically-conductive coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007592 spray painting technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NVKTUNLPFJHLCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium chromate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NVKTUNLPFJHLCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium group Chemical group [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004924 water-based lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/56—Three layers or more
- B05D7/57—Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of multi-layer coatings, which is particularly suitable for the production of multi-layer painted automobile bodies and body parts.
- the total layer thickness of such automotive coatings is in the usual practice between 90 and 130 ⁇ m, which is the sum of 15 to 25 ⁇ m layer thickness for the primer, 30 to 40 ⁇ m for the filler layer, and 10 to 25 ⁇ m for the
- EP-A 1-0 448 280 describes a multi-layer coating whose total layer thickness is in the range mentioned above, but this has no clear lacquer layers. It has hitherto been necessary to exceed these layer thicknesses considerably if paintwork with a particularly good visual appearance, ie with an outstanding gloss and topcoat level, is achieved, for example, when painting motor vehicles of the luxury and luxury classes should.
- DE-A-42 15 070 and DE-A-38 39 905 describe the application of several layers of clear lacquer to one basecoat layer. This then results in layer thicknesses of over 110 ⁇ m, for example up to 170 ⁇ m, which is undesirable on the finished vehicle for reasons of material savings and weight savings.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a multi-layer coating, in particular for the production of multi-layer motor vehicle bodies and vehicle body parts which have a reduced overall layer thickness of the multi-layer coating in comparison with the prior art, with a comparable gloss and topcoat level, or which comply with the usual
- Total layer thicknesses of the multi-layer coating have an outstanding, improved gloss and topcoat level. There should be no disadvantages in the overall property level of the multi-layer coatings.
- the process is intended to avoid the handling of deep-drawing aids, such as drawing greases or oils, and the subsequent cleaning of them.
- this object can surprisingly be achieved by a process for the production of multi-layer coatings, in particular multi-layer painted automobile bodies or vehicle body parts, in which a primer layer made of a primer coating agent is applied and baked on both sides of a coil made of sheet metal in the coil coating process , sheet metal parts are then punched out of the coil and deformed in the deep-drawing process and, if appropriate, joined to form an automobile body, whereupon a color and / or effect basecoat layer and one or more clearcoat layers are applied, with the
- An intermediate layer can be applied to the primer layer and the application of the basecoat layer, and the application of the second coating layer as a basecoat layer or as an intermediate layer is carried out by electrophoretic deposition from an electrophoretically depositable coating agent, the total dry layer thickness of the multilayer coating being 70 to 130 ⁇ m and that
- the total dry layer thickness of the clear lacquer layer (s) is 30 to 80 ⁇ m.
- the primer layer " is created from a primer coating agent and in a layer thickness that results in an electrically conductive coating layer in the burned-in state.
- the immediately following second layer can then be produced can be applied by electrophoretic deposition from an electrophoretically depositable aqueous coating agent, which preferably leads to an electrically insulating second coating layer, and an intermediate layer can be formed and baked as a second coating layer, whereupon, as a third coating layer, a basecoat layer composed of a coloring and / or effect-imparting coating agent is preferred by spraying, which is provided with one or more clear lacquer coating layers.
- a color and / or effect basecoat is formed from an electrophoretically depositable aqueous coating composition by electrophoretic deposition, which is overcoated with one or more clearcoat layers.
- the total dry layer thickness of the lacquer structure is 80 to 130 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 110 ⁇ m.
- Coating layers are applied, which is characterized in that the priming coating agent used is one which, in the applied layer thickness and in the baked state, leads to an electrically conductive priming coating layer, whereupon after the baking of the first coating layer, an electrically insulating second coating layer as
- Intermediate layer is electrophoretically deposited and baked from an electrophoretically separable aqueous coating agent, whereupon as a third coating layer, a basecoat layer of a coloring and / or effect-imparting coating agent, preferably by spraying, is applied and optionally baked directly, which is coated with a fourth, transparent coating layer from a
- Clear lacquer coating agent is overcoated.
- Basecoat and the coating layer are preferably baked together from a clear lacquer coating agent, whereupon one or more further transparent coating layers are optionally applied.
- the total dry layer thickness of the lacquer structure is 70 to 130 ⁇ m, preferably 80 to 130 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 110 ⁇ m and that
- the dry layer thickness of the transparent coating layer or the total layer thickness of the transparent coating layers is 30 to 80 ⁇ m, preferably 40 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the clear lacquer layer can consist of one or more layers, the first clear lacquer layer preferably being stoved before application of the further clear lacquer layers. If several layers of clear lacquer are applied, they can be created from the same or different clear lacquer coating agents.
- a second independent and particularly preferred embodiment of the invention consists in a method for producing a multi-layer coating, in particular multi-layer painted automobile bodies or body parts, in which a primer layer made of a primer coating agent is applied and baked on both sides of a coil of sheet metal in the coil coating process the coil Then sheet metal parts are punched out and deformed in the deep-drawing process and, if necessary, joined to form an automobile body, whereupon a color and / or effect basecoat layer is applied from an aqueous coating agent and baked, without application of intermediate layers, and then provided with one or more clear lacquer coatings, which is characterized by this that the primer coating used is one which, in the applied layer thickness and in the baked state, leads to an electrically conductive primer coating layer, the basecoat is formed from an electrophoretically separable aqueous coating composition by electrophoretic deposition, the total dry film thickness of the clearcoat film or
- Clear lacquer layers is 30 to 80 ⁇ m, preferably 40 to 60 ⁇ m, and the total dry layer thickness of the multi-layer coating is 70 to 130 ⁇ m, preferably 70 to 110 ⁇ m.
- the clear lacquer layer can consist of one or more layers, the first clear lacquer layer preferably being stoved before application of the further clear lacquer layers. If several layers of clear lacquer are applied, they can be created from the same or different clear lacquer coating agents.
- Spray filler layers enabled. Even with a high layer thickness when applying the clear lacquer, the total layer thicknesses of the multi-layer lacquers produced by the process according to the invention are comparatively small.
- Primer coating compositions which can be used for the coating layer are, in particular, liquid coating compositions which can be applied in the coil coating process. It can be an aqueous-based coating agent or an organic solvent-based agent. They can be physically drying. As a rule, they can be cross-linked to form covalent bonds. These can be self- or externally networked systems.
- the primer coating compositions which can be used in the process according to the invention for the production of the first coating layer contain one or more film-forming binders. In particular, if the binders are not self-crosslinking or physically drying (thermoplastic), they may also contain crosslinking agents.
- Both the binder component and the crosslinker component are not subject to any restrictions per se; it is possible to use resins which are customary in lacquer and are familiar to the skilled worker.
- resins which are customary in lacquer and are familiar to the skilled worker.
- polyester, polyurethane, epoxy and / or polymer resins can be used as film-forming binders.
- crosslinking agents that may be present depends on the functionality of the binder, i.e. the crosslinkers are selected from conventional crosslinkers known to those skilled in the art so that they have a reactive functionality which is complementary to the functionality of the binders. Examples of such complementary functionalities between binder and crosslinker are:
- the crosslinking agents optionally used in the primer coating compositions can be present individually or in a mixture.
- the primer coating compositions applied in the coil coating process contain constituents which impart electrical conductivity and which, in the baked state, impart to the first coating layer a resistivity which is sufficiently low for the electrophoretic deposition of a further coating layer from an electrophoretically depositable coating composition, generally below 10 8 ohms. cm, for example between 10 3 and 10 8 ohm.cm. This also ensures spot weldability of the primer coating layer.
- electrical conductivity-imparting components are particulate inorganic or organic electrical conductors or semiconductors, as are customary for this purpose and are known to the person skilled in the art, for example iron oxide black, graphite, carbon black, metal powder, for example made of aluminum, zinc, copper or stainless steel, Molybdenum disulfide id.
- the electrical conductivity imparting components are contained in the primer coating agent in such an amount that the desired resistivity of the primer coating layer is achieved in the baked state. Based on the solids content of the primer coating composition, the proportion of the constituent (s) conferring electrical conductivity is, for example, between 1 and 30% by weight. The proportion can easily be determined by a specialist; it depends, for example, on the specific weight, the specific electrical conductivity and the particle size of the components imparting electrical conductivity. One or more of these components can be present in combination.
- the primer coating compositions which can be used in the process according to the invention preferably contain pigments and / or fillers.
- Suitable pigments or fillers are, for example, customary, inorganic or organic pigments and / or fillers. Examples are carbon black, titanium dioxide, iron oxide pigments,
- Kaolin Kaolin, talc, silicon dioxide and in particular corrosion protection pigments, such as zinc chromate, strontium chromate, lead silicate, zinc phosphate, aluminum phosphate, strontium aluminum polyphosphate hydrate.
- corrosion protection pigments such as zinc chromate, strontium chromate, lead silicate, zinc phosphate, aluminum phosphate, strontium aluminum polyphosphate hydrate.
- the primer coating compositions which can be used in the process according to the invention can furthermore contain customary additives.
- customary paint additives such as wetting agents, dispersing aids, emulsifiers, leveling agents, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foaming agents and in particular lubricants, for example waxes such as polyethylene wax, molybdenum disulfide, graphite.
- the coating agents which are suitable for the production of primer layers and can be applied in the coil coating process and which do not contain any special or insufficient amounts of constituents which impart electrical conductivity are coating agents which, when adhering to a low dry layer thickness of, for example, 1 to 3 ⁇ m coating layers can be produced which, in the baked state, can be deposited from an electrophoretically to separate a subsequent coating layer Coating agents have sufficient electrical conductivity and spot welding ability.
- Coating agents that can be applied due to their content of electrical conductivity-imparting components in a higher dry layer thickness of, for example, 2 to 15 ⁇ m, preferably from 3 to 10 ⁇ m, are coating agents from which coating layers can be produced, which, in the baked state, are used for one Deposition of a subsequent coating layer from an electrophoretically depositable coating agent have a sufficiently low specific electrical resistance and which can be spot-welded.
- the primer coating agent is rolled onto a metal sheet on both sides in the coil coating process. If it is a primer coating agent which does not contain any special electrical conductivity-imparting constituents, it is applied in a sufficiently low dry layer thickness which ensures sufficient electrical conductivity for the electrophoretic deposition of a further coating layer from an electrophoretically separable coating agent, i.e. in a not yet electrical one insulating dry layer thickness of 1 to 3 ⁇ m, for example.
- the priming coating composition is in a dry layer thickness from, for example, 2 to 15 ⁇ m, preferably from 3 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the primer coating layer is baked briefly at high temperatures, for example within 30 to 60 seconds, for example in a convection oven at 300 to 370 ° C., maximum object temperatures (PMT, peak metal temperature) between 200 and 260 ° C. being reached.
- Sheet metal parts with the desired shape are punched out of the metal coil provided on both sides with the burned-in primer layer and then deformed in the deep-drawing process.
- the deformed parts can be put together to form a construction, in particular a body.
- suitable joining techniques are gluing and / or clinching and / or screwing and / or welding, for example spot welding. Welding processes are preferred.
- a second coating layer is applied to the primer layer by electrocoating.
- This can be an intermediate layer if a base lacquer layer, which is provided with one or more clear lacquer coatings, is subsequently applied as a third coating layer, preferably by spraying.
- the second coating layer is preferably a base lacquer layer to which one or more clear lacquer coatings are applied.
- electrophoretically depositable coating agents are used for the intermediate layer or the basecoat layer, which is applied as the second coating layer.
- the anodically or cathodically depositable electrocoat materials (ETL) known per se are particularly suitable for this purpose.
- the ETL coating compositions are in particular aqueous coating compositions with a solids content of up to 50% by weight, for example up to 20% by weight, the lower limit being, for example, 10% by weight.
- the solid is formed from binders customary for electrocoating, at least some of the binders bearing ionic and / or substituents which can be converted into ionic groups and, if appropriate, groups capable of chemical crosslinking, and any crosslinking agents, fillers, pigments or additives customary in lacquers.
- Binders can be anionic groups or groups which can be converted into anionic groups, acidic groups such as -COOH, -SO 3 H and / or -PO 3 H 2 and the corresponding anionic groups neutralized with bases. They can also be cationic or convertible into cationic groups, for example basic groups, preferably nitrogen-containing basic groups; these groups can be present in quaternized form or they are converted into ionic groups using a conventional neutralizing agent, for example an organic monocarboxylic acid, such as, for example, formic acid or acetic acid. Examples are amino, ammonium, for example quaternary ammonium, phosphonium and / or sulf onium groups.
- the usual cathodic electrocoat materials (KTL) based on canonical or basic binders can be used to produce the second coating layer.
- Such basic resins are, for example, primary, secondary and / or tertiary amino group-containing resins, the amine numbers of which are e.g. are 20 to 250 mg KOH / g.
- the weight average molar mass (Mw) of the base resins is preferably 300 to 10,000.
- base resins are amino (meth) acrylate resins, aminoepoxy resins, aminoepoxy resins with terminal double bonds, aminoepoxide resins with primary OH groups, aminopolyurethane resins, amino group-containing polybutadiene resins or modified polybutadiene resins or amino group-containing polybutadiene resins -
- Amine reaction products These base resins can be self-crosslinking or they are used in a mixture with known crosslinking agents.
- crosslinkers are aminoplast resins, blocked polyisocyanates, crosslinkers with terminal double bonds, polyepoxide compounds or crosslinkers which contain groups capable of transesterification.
- anionic group-containing anodically depositable electrocoat binders and paints can also be used in the process according to the invention to produce the second coating layer.
- (Meth) acrylic copolymer resins maleate oils or polybutadiene oils with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of, for example, 300 to 10,000 and one Acid number from 35 to 300 " mg KOH / g.
- the binders carry -COOH, -SO 3 H and / or -PO 3 H 2 groups. After neutralization of at least some of the acid groups, the resins can be converted into the water phase.
- the binders can be self-crosslinking or externally crosslinking, and the lacquers can therefore also contain customary crosslinking agents, for example triazine resins, crosslinking agents which are capable of transesterification
- Groups contain or blocked polyisocyanates.
- an ATL coating agent as the ETL coating agent, in particular when implementing the particularly preferred and independent embodiment of the present invention, in which the coloring and / or effect-imparting basecoat is deposited electrophoretically as a second coating layer.
- the ETL coating compositions can contain pigments, fillers and / or additives customary in lacquers.
- Suitable pigments are, for example, the customary inorganic and / or organic colored pigments and / or effect pigments and / or fillers.
- the usual inorganic and / or organic colored pigments and / or effect pigments such as e.g. Titanium dioxide, iron oxide pigments, carbon black, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, metal pigments, e.g. made of titanium,
- interference pigments e.g. titanium dioxide-coated aluminum, coated mica, graphite effect pigments, platelet-shaped iron oxide or platelet-shaped copper phthalocyanine pigments.
- fillers are kaolin, talc or silicon dioxide.
- the pigments can be dispersed into pigment pastes, e.g. using known paste resins.
- pigment pastes such as those used in the water-based lacquers which can be applied by spraying and are suitable for the production of two-layer lacquers of the basecoat / clearcoat type known to those skilled in the art.
- Pigment pastes can be obtained by rubbing the pigments in a special water-thinnable paste resin. ⁇
- additives as are known in particular for ETL coating agents, are possible as additives.
- these are wetting agents, neutralizing agents, leveling agents, catalysts, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foaming agents, solvents, but especially light stabilizers, if appropriate in combination with
- Basecoat coating compositions are used, such as are used for the production of basecoat / clearcoat two-coat coatings and are known in large numbers, for example, from the patent literature.
- the basecoats which can be used to produce the third coating layer in the process according to the invention can be physically drying or can be crosslinked to form covalent bonds.
- the basecoats which crosslink with the formation of covalent bonds can be self- or externally crosslinking systems.
- the basecoat materials which can be used in the process according to the invention for the production of the third coating layer are customary
- Coating systems that contain one or more common base resins as film-forming binders. You can, if the base resins are not self-crosslinking or self-drying are, if appropriate, also contain crosslinkers. Both the base resin component and the crosslinker component are not subject to any limitation. Polyester, polyurethane and / or (meth) acrylic copolymer resins, for example, can be used as film-forming binders. In the case of the preferred waterborne basecoats, polyurethane resins are preferably present, particularly preferably at least in a proportion of 15% by weight, based on the solid resin content of the waterborne basecoat.
- the selection of the crosslinking agents which may be present is not critical, it depends on the functionality of the base resins, ie the crosslinking agents are selected such that they have a reactive functionality which is complementary to the functionality of the base resins. Examples of such complementary
- base resin and crosslinker are: hydroxyl / methylol ether, hydroxyl / free isocyanate, hydroxyl / blocked isocyanate, carboxyl / epoxy. If compatible with one another, several such complementary functionalities can also be present side by side in a basecoat.
- the crosslinking agents optionally used in the basecoats can be present individually or in a mixture.
- the basecoats used in the process according to the invention for the production of the third coating layer contain inorganic and / or organic colored pigments and / or effect pigments, e.g. Titanium dioxide,
- metal pigments e.g. made of titanium, aluminum or copper
- interference pigments e.g. titanium dioxide coated aluminum, coated mica, graphite effect pigments, platelet-shaped iron oxide or platelet-shaped copper phthalocyanine pigments.
- the basecoats used for the production of the third coating layer can contain conventional paint additives, such as e.g. Fillers, catalysts, leveling agents, anti-cratering agents or in particular light stabilizers, if appropriate in combination with antioxidants.
- conventional paint additives such as e.g. Fillers, catalysts, leveling agents, anti-cratering agents or in particular light stabilizers, if appropriate in combination with antioxidants.
- the coloring and / or applied preferably as a third coating layer by spraying effect-imparting basecoat can be applied as a two-layer basecoat system consisting of a first, modified basecoat and a second basecoat that determines the actual color of the multi-layer coating.
- the first basecoat is modified, for example by containing additional modifying binder components or filler components. It can be produced, for example, from the subsequently applied basecoat, which determines the actual color, by mixing it with the additional components.
- the electrodeposition lacquer used to produce the second coating layer which is the intermediate layer, has a color tone that is close to or identical to that of the basecoat used to produce the third coating layer.
- color shades that come close to one another are preferably to be understood to mean that those composed of brightness difference, hue difference and hue difference
- n _ ⁇ _ 90 in the area of the CIE-x
- y diagram marked with ⁇ E * 0.3, n ⁇ _ 50 in the area of the CIE-x
- y diagram marked with ⁇ E * 0.5, n _ ⁇ _ 40 in the area of the CIE-x
- y-diagram marked with ⁇ E * 0.7, n _ ⁇ . 30 in the area of the CIE x
- y diagram marked ⁇ E * 0.9.
- clearcoat coating agents for the production of the fourth and possibly further coating layers or, in the case of the particularly preferred and independent embodiment of the present invention, for the production of the third and optionally further coating layers.
- there it can be a one- or multi-component clear lacquer coating agent.
- They can be solvent-free (liquid or as a powder clearcoat), or they can be systems based on solvents, or they can be water-thinnable clearcoats, the binder systems of which are stabilized in a suitable manner, for example anionically, cationically or non-ionically.
- the water-dilutable clear lacquer systems can be water-soluble or water-dispersed systems, for example emulsion systems or powder slurry systems.
- the clear lacquer coating agents harden when stoved to form covalent bonds as a result of chemical crosslinking.
- Polyester, polyurethane and / or (meth) acrylic copolymer resins for example, can be used as film-forming binders (base resins).
- crosslinking agents that may be present is not critical; it depends on the functionality of the base resins, i.e. the crosslinkers are selected so that they have a reactive functionality which is complementary to the functionality of the base resins.
- Examples of such complementary functionalities between base resin and crosslinker are: carboxyl / epoxide, hydroxyl / methylol ether, hydroxyl / free isocyanate, hydroxyl / blocked isocyanate, (meth) acrylolyl / CH-acidic group. If compatible with one another, several such complementary ones can also be used
- crosslinking agents optionally used in the clear lacquers can be present individually or in a mixture.
- the clear lacquers which can be used in the process according to the invention can be customary lacquers
- the transparent coating can be in a single layer or in the form of several layers of the same or of several different transparent ones
- the transparent coating layer is expediently applied as a fourth layer or, in the case of the particularly preferred and independent embodiment of the present invention, as a third layer composed of only one clear lacquer coating agent.
- Clearcoat compositions which have the lowest possible drainage tendency are preferably used, for example solid-state clearcoats with a correspondingly adjusted theological behavior. Pul clear lacquers are particularly preferred.
- Metal sheets rolled up into coils are used as substrates for the process according to the invention, for example with a sheet thickness of 0.7 to 1.3 mm typical for body construction, for example made of iron, zinc, aluminum or corresponding alloys.
- Galvanized sheet metal for example galvanized steel sheet, is preferred.
- the metal surfaces can be pretreated, for example provided with phosphating and optionally passivation. The metal surfaces can be used for shaping under the usual in automotive engineering according to the prior art
- the first coating layer namely the primer
- the first coating layer is applied to these substrates, preferably rolled on both sides, from the primer coating agent in the coil coating process.
- the primer coating agent does not contain any components that impart electrical conductivity, it is applied in a dry layer thickness, which is one for electrophoretic deposition additional coating layer made of an electrophoretically depositable coating agent ensures sufficient electrical conductivity, for example in a dry layer thickness of 1 to 3 ⁇ m. If, on the other hand, it is one of the primer coating compositions preferred in the process according to the invention, which in the baked state of the first coating layer is one for electrophoretic
- the primer coating agent is applied in a dry layer thickness of, for example, 2 to 15 ⁇ m, preferably 3 to 10 ⁇ m. Branding the
- the primer coating layer is applied briefly at high temperatures, for example within 30 to 60 seconds, for example in a convection oven at 300 to 370 ° C., maximum object temperatures (PMT, peak metal temperature) between 200 and 260 ° C. being reached.
- PMT maximum object temperatures
- Sheet metal parts with the desired shape are now punched out of the metal coil provided on both sides with the burned-in primer layer and then deformed in the deep-drawing process.
- the deformed parts can then, if appropriate together with components made of other materials, be joined to form a structure, in particular a body, for example by gluing and / or clinching and / or screwing and / or preferably welding.
- the components made from other materials can be, for example, otherwise precoated or uncoated metals or plastics, components with an electrically conductive and electrophoretically coatable surface are preferred.
- the second coating layer generally has practically no electrical conductivity, ie it has a specific resistance of generally more than 10 9 ohms in the baked state. cm on. In the case of the particularly preferred and independent embodiment of the present invention, it is a color and / or effect basecoat.
- the coating obtained by electrodeposition coating and which is electrically insulating in the baked state can, but does not have to extend over the entire surface of the three-dimensional substrate.
- Ausrahrungsform of the present invention in which the coloring and / or effect basecoat layer is applied from an electrophoretically depositable coating agent) a full-surface first coating by applying a primer from the primer coating agent and a second coating from the ETL coating agent essentially only on outer areas, to be carried out in particular on visible surfaces of a three-dimensional substrate, ie for example, not in narrow cavities in a body.
- a spray application of the third coating layer from the color and / or effect basecoat is carried out, for example, in a dry layer thickness of 10 to 25 ⁇ m, depending on the color, for example by compressed air spraying, airless spraying or ESTA high-speed rotary spraying.
- the clearcoat is applied, preferably in the wet-on-wet process.
- the fourth coating layer is made from a conventional liquid lacquer or powder clear lacquer
- Coating layer or the total layer thickness of the transparent coating layers is 30 to 80 ⁇ m, preferably 40 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the clear lacquer is applied to the second, preferably burned-in, coloring and / or effect-giving ETL coating layer.
- a customary liquid clear lacquer or a powder clear lacquer is applied as the clear lacquer coating layer and baked, for example, at temperatures of 80 to 160 ° C. If necessary, further layers of clear lacquer from the same or different clear lacquer coating compositions can be applied.
- the process according to the invention is such that the layer thickness of the transparent coating layer or the total layer thickness of a plurality of transparent coating layers is 30 to 80 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 40 to 60 ⁇ m.
- That applied as a third coating layer preferably by spray application
- Basecoat and preferably by spray application as the fourth or in the case of the particularly preferred and independent embodiment of the invention as the third Coating layer applied clear coat can, but does not have to extend all over the three-dimensional substrate.
- Variant (8) represents the cheapest variant of variants (1) - (8).
- the statements made above apply with regard to the electrocoat, basecoat and clearcoat layers.
- the substrates provided with a multi-layer coating by the process according to the invention are preferably automobile bodies or parts thereof. However, it can also be other industrial goods such as Household appliance housings, facade parts, automotive parts.
- the motor vehicle parts or bodies produced by the method according to the invention have multilayer coatings with an overall property level that is comparable to that of the prior art.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to avoid the use of separate deep-drawing aids and to clean them when shaping the sheet metal parts.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19648517A DE19648517A1 (de) | 1996-11-23 | 1996-11-23 | Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung |
| DE19648517 | 1996-11-23 | ||
| PCT/EP1997/006417 WO1998023390A1 (de) | 1996-11-23 | 1997-11-18 | Verfahren zur mehrschichtlackierung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0952894A1 true EP0952894A1 (de) | 1999-11-03 |
| EP0952894B1 EP0952894B1 (de) | 2002-03-06 |
Family
ID=7812542
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97950199A Expired - Lifetime EP0952894B1 (de) | 1996-11-23 | 1997-11-18 | Verfahren zur mehrschichtlackierung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0952894B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19648517A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2174317T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1998023390A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10028705B4 (de) * | 2000-06-09 | 2004-04-08 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen Lacken beschichteten Karosserieelementes eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
| US7399397B2 (en) * | 2004-05-10 | 2008-07-15 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for the production of coated substrates |
| DE102006005898B4 (de) * | 2006-02-09 | 2008-04-30 | Multicolor Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Farbmustern |
| DE102006016477A1 (de) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-11 | GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit | Kataphoretische Tauchlackierungen an Karosserien und Bauteilen mit verbessertem Umgriffverhalten |
| DE102006036269A1 (de) * | 2006-08-03 | 2008-02-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer farbigen Beschichtung von zumindest teilweise aus Metall bestehenden Komponenten von Kraftfahrzeugen |
| DE102007044572B4 (de) | 2007-09-10 | 2020-01-16 | Volkswagen Ag | Betriebsmittel zur qualitätsgerechten Lackierung einer Frontklappe von Kraftfahrzeugen |
| MX2018006491A (es) * | 2015-11-26 | 2018-08-01 | Basf Coatings Gmbh | Procedimiento para producir un sistema de pintura multicapa. |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2614468B2 (ja) * | 1987-11-26 | 1997-05-28 | 関西ペイント株式会社 | 上塗り塗装仕上げ方法 |
| KR900701882A (ko) * | 1988-05-20 | 1990-12-04 | 헬렌 에이. 파블릭크 | 열경화성 연신성 코팅 조성물 |
| JPH03264692A (ja) * | 1990-03-14 | 1991-11-25 | Shinto Paint Co Ltd | 被覆金属板の塗装方法 |
| DE4215070A1 (de) * | 1992-05-07 | 1993-11-11 | Herberts Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mehrschichtlackierungen |
| DE19512017C1 (de) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-07-18 | Herberts Gmbh | Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung |
| DE19519667C1 (de) * | 1995-05-30 | 1997-02-06 | Herberts Gmbh | Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung |
| DE19519665C1 (de) * | 1995-05-30 | 1996-09-05 | Herberts Gmbh | Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung |
| DE19633173C1 (de) * | 1996-08-17 | 1997-10-02 | Herberts Gmbh | Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung |
-
1996
- 1996-11-23 DE DE19648517A patent/DE19648517A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-11-18 EP EP97950199A patent/EP0952894B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-18 ES ES97950199T patent/ES2174317T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-18 DE DE59706579T patent/DE59706579D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-18 WO PCT/EP1997/006417 patent/WO1998023390A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9823390A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19648517A1 (de) | 1998-06-04 |
| EP0952894B1 (de) | 2002-03-06 |
| DE59706579D1 (de) | 2002-04-11 |
| WO1998023390A1 (de) | 1998-06-04 |
| ES2174317T3 (es) | 2002-11-01 |
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