EP0955384B1 - Procédé de trempe à gaz de pièces à usiner et installation de traitement thermique pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de trempe à gaz de pièces à usiner et installation de traitement thermique pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0955384B1
EP0955384B1 EP99104318A EP99104318A EP0955384B1 EP 0955384 B1 EP0955384 B1 EP 0955384B1 EP 99104318 A EP99104318 A EP 99104318A EP 99104318 A EP99104318 A EP 99104318A EP 0955384 B1 EP0955384 B1 EP 0955384B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
coolant
heat
quenching
workpieces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99104318A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0955384A3 (fr
EP0955384A2 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Dipl.-Ing. Dannehl
Klaus Dr. Löser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
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ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH filed Critical ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP0955384A2 publication Critical patent/EP0955384A2/fr
Publication of EP0955384A3 publication Critical patent/EP0955384A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0955384B1 publication Critical patent/EP0955384B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for quenching Workpieces in a treatment chamber by means of a quenching gas, in which in a common housing the Treatment chamber, a furnace area and a heat exchanger is provided, by which for quenching the workpieces the quenching gas is circulated and the one with a in the heat exchanger evaporating refrigerant works, and thus in the Treatment chamber recessed quenching gas as a heat carrier between the quenched workpieces in Oven area and the heat exchanger is used. Furthermore the invention of a heat treatment plant for Implementation of the procedure.
  • a method and an apparatus of the above kind are the subject of DE 44 22 588 C1.
  • a refrigeration unit arranged. While the quenching phase is the refrigerant through the heat exchanger in the treatment chamber and through the refrigeration unit pumped in a circle so that in the treatment chamber absorbed heat to be dissipated to the outside can.
  • a refrigerant is selected, which like evaporating in a refrigerator in the heat exchanger, so that the heat of vaporization for the cooling effect can be used.
  • the device according to DE 44 22 588 C1 is very expensive, because outside the treatment chamber a refrigeration unit arranged with a condenser and a compressor must become. Because the quenching of the workpieces as possible must be done quickly, in a relatively short time a lot of heat to be dissipated, so that the condenser and the compressor must have a high performance.
  • a similar Plant is described in GB 1 452 062.
  • the invention is based on the problem, a method of the type mentioned above in such a way that with the least possible expenditure on equipment as fast as possible Quenching workpieces within a treatment chamber becomes possible. Furthermore, a simple Device for carrying out this method found become.
  • the first problem is solved according to the invention by that the heat exchanger before starting the quenching process, while there is a vacuum in the treatment chamber, at least partially filled with the liquid refrigerant is that the cooling of the quenching gas by the cooling capacity of the heat exchanger and the evaporation of the a supply container removed amount of charge when circulating of the quenching gas while cooling a Batch of workpieces takes place, with the cooling capacity the heat exchanger due to the evaporation of the amount of filling when circulating the quenching gas to complete Cooling a batch of workpieces is dimensioned.
  • the required amount of coolant is particularly low, if according to an advantageous embodiment of the method a heat exchanger with heat exchanger surfaces of high Heat storage capacity is used. Such a heat exchanger you can open it up even before the quenching phase cool a low temperature so that during the Quenching phase for heat absorption not only the refrigerant is available.
  • At least part of the vaporized for cooling the quenching gas Refrigerant can be used in the heat treatment plant itself be reused if the vaporized refrigerant for flooding the treatment chamber after quenching the workpieces is used.
  • the inert gas can therefore during quenching to build up pressure from e.g. 1 bar to 6 bar, after quenching for more Batches or within the plant (with intermediate buffer) used for other process chambers or as control gas become.
  • the refrigerant is available particularly cost-effectively and good as an inert gas when it is liquid nitrogen is.
  • other liquefied gases are also usable, for example air.
  • the second task namely the creation of a Heat treatment plant for carrying out the inventive Method, is solved by the treatment chamber via a valve with a gas collection container for the quenching gas is connected and that the heat exchanger via a non-return flap with the gas collection container connected is.
  • the heat exchanger is at least partially Fill with the liquid refrigerant formed and the cooling capacity of the heat exchanger due to evaporation the amount of filling when circulating the quenching gas to completely cool a batch of workpieces sized.
  • Such a heat treatment plant is very inexpensive because they do not have a refrigeration unit with a condenser and with a compressor for the refrigerant needed. Furthermore, it is particularly capable of quenching gas to effectively cool because during the quenching gas circulating the refrigerant evaporates in the heat exchanger and therefore the quenching gas by that of the Refrigerant absorbed heat of vaporization much heat is withdrawn.
  • the heat exchanger itself needs opposite the previously used, operated with a brine heat exchangers not or only slightly remodeled.
  • the amount of refrigerant required to cool the quench gas can be particularly low when the heat exchanger with heat exchanger surfaces of high heat storage capacity Is provided.
  • the heat treatment system according to the invention requires too their operation a very small amount of refrigerant, if according to another embodiment of the invention in the treatment chamber behind each other two heat exchangers are switched and if only one heat exchanger is designed as an evaporator for the refrigerant while the other heat exchanger for circulating a refrigerant or water or heat carrier with an external one Coolant unit is connected.
  • the drawing shows a treatment chamber 1, which in a common housing 2 a heat exchanger 3 and a Oven area 4 has, in which a batch 5 with located the workpieces to be treated. Behind the heat exchanger 3, a fan 6 is arranged, through which it becomes possible to use a quenching gas within the treatment chamber 1 through the batch 5 and the heat exchanger. 3 circulate through it.
  • the drawing also shows a reservoir 7 for liquid nitrogen. From this reservoir 7 fills a smaller amount of nitrogen in an intermediate container 8, from which liquid nitrogen by opening a Valve 9 are filled in the heat exchanger 3 can.
  • evaporated nitrogen is able via a line 10 in a gas collection container 11 to arrive.
  • a line 12 in which a valve 13 is connected is, the intermediate container 8 with the pressure the gas collection container 11 are acted upon to liquid Nitrogen from the intermediate container 8 in the heat exchanger 3 to press.
  • the evaporated in the heat exchanger 3 Nitrogen passes through a check valve 14 in the Line 10 and thereby in the gas collection container 11. Bei too high pressures leaves a pressure relief valve 15 nitrogen into the atmosphere.
  • To flood the treatment chamber 1 with nitrogen from the gas collecting container 11 the line 10 via a valve 16 with the treatment chamber 1 connected.
  • the heat treatment of a batch 5 takes place under vacuum, by the batch 5 first, for example, 1000 ° C. is warmed up. During this warm-up phase you fill up the heat exchanger 3 with liquid nitrogen from the intermediate container 8. If you want to start the quenching phase, then one flooded the treatment chamber 1 by opening the valve 16 with gaseous nitrogen as quenching gas and turns on the fan 6. This circulates in the treatment chamber 1 between batch 5 and through the Heat exchanger 3, the quenching gas. Since this is the batch 5 Heat takes off and warms up, it comes with Flow through the heat exchanger 3 to evaporate the in him previously filled liquid nitrogen and thereby to a heat extraction at the quenching gas. The evaporated Nitrogen can flow through the check valve 14 and to enter the conduit 10 into the gas collecting container 11. An overflow valve 17 allows that at a to high pressure in the heat exchanger 3 (e.g., above 6 bar) gas from the heat exchanger 3 into the treatment chamber. 1 flows.
  • a to high pressure in the heat exchanger 3 e.g.
  • the inventive method also allows a re-liquefaction of vaporized gas in a compressor plant.
  • the demands on the purity and quality of the evaporating Gases (coolant) are low.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour tremper des pièces dans une chambre de traitement au moyen d'un gaz de trempe, dans lequel, dans une enceinte commune de la chambre de traitement, sont prévus une zone de four et un échangeur de chaleur à travers lequel le gaz de trempe est mis en circulation pour assurer la trempe des pièces et qui travaille avec un agent réfrigérant se vaporisant dans l'échangeur de chaleur et, de cette façon, le gaz de trempe introduit dans la chambre de traitement sert de caloporteur entre les pièces à tremper dans la zone de four et l'échangeur de chaleur, caractérisé en ce qu'avant le début du processus de trempe, pendant qu'un vide règne dans la chambre de traitement, l'échangeur de chaleur est rempli au moins partiellement avec de l'agent réfrigérant liquide, en ce que le refroidissement du gaz de trempe est obtenue sous l'effet de la capacité de refroidissement de l'échangeur de chaleur et de la vaporisation de la quantité de remplissage prélevée dans un réservoir lorsque le gaz de trempe est mis en circulation pendant le refroidissement d'une charge de pièces, la capacité de refroidissement de l'échangeur de chaleur résultant de la vaporisation de la quantité de remplissage lors de la mise en circulation du gaz de trempe étant calculée pour le refroidissement total d'une charge de pièces.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un échangeur de chaleur ayant des surfaces d'échangeur de chaleur qui possèdent un grand pouvoir d'accumulation de chaleur.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le remplissage de l'échangeur de chaleur avec l'agent réfrigérant s'effectue pendant le travail du four.
  4. Procédé selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'agent réfrigérant vaporisé est recueilli dans un réservoir collecteur de gaz et réutilisé sous la forme d'un gaz inerte.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'agent réfrigérant vaporisé est utilisé pour inonder la chambre de traitement après la trempe des pièces.
  6. Procédé selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'agent réfrigérant est de l'azote liquide.
  7. Procédé selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise une chambre de traitement possédant deux échangeurs de chaleur raccordés l'un à la suite de l'autre et en ce qu'on ne fait travailler qu'un seul échangeur de chaleur par vaporisation de l'agent réfrigérant, tandis qu'on fait circuler dans l'autre échangeur de chaleur un agent réfrigérant qui est refroidi extérieurement dans un groupe à agent réfrigérant.
  8. Installation de traitement thermique pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, qui présente des moyens pour la production d'un vide et un ventilateur (6) et qui, pour assurer la trempe de pièces au moyen d'un gaz de trempe, comprend dans une enceinte commune (2) d'une chambre de traitement dans laquelle on peut faire le vide, une zone de four (4) destinée à recevoir une charge (5) de pièces et un échangeur de chaleur (3) à travers lequel, pour la trempe des pièces, le gaz de trempe est mis en circulation au moyen d'un ventilateur (6) et qui travaille avec un agent réfrigérant se vaporisant dans l'échangeur de chaleur (3), l'échangeur de chaleur (3) étant conformé pour être rempli au moins partiellement avec l'agent réfrigérant liquide, caractérisée en ce que la capacité de refroidissement de l'échangeur de chaleur (3) résultant de la vaporisation de la quantité de remplissage lors de la mise en circulation du gaz de trempe est calculée pour le refroidissement total d'une charge (5) de pièces, en ce que la chambre de traitement est reliée par l'intermédiaire d'une vanne (16) à un réservoir collecteur de gaz pour le gaz de trempe et en ce que, pour l'agent réfrigérant vaporisé dans l'échangeur de chaleur (3), l'échangeur de chaleur (3) est relié au réservoir collecteur de gaz (11) par l'intermédiaire d'un clapet anti-retour (14).
  9. Installation de traitement thermique selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (3) est équipé de surfaces d'échangeur de chaleur possédant un grand pouvoir d'accumulation de chaleur.
  10. Installation de traitement thermique selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisée en ce que, dans la chambre de traitement (1), deux échangeurs de chaleur (3) sont raccordés l'un à la suite de l'autre et en ce qu'un seul échangeur de chaleur est réalisé sous la forme d'un évaporateur pour l'agent réfrigérant, tandis que l'autre échangeur de chaleur est relié à un groupe à agent réfrigérant extérieur pour la circulation d'un agent réfrigérant.
EP99104318A 1998-05-06 1999-03-04 Procédé de trempe à gaz de pièces à usiner et installation de traitement thermique pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Expired - Lifetime EP0955384B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19820083A DE19820083A1 (de) 1998-05-06 1998-05-06 Verfahren zum Abschrecken von Werkstücken und Wärmebehandlungsanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19820083 1998-05-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0955384A2 EP0955384A2 (fr) 1999-11-10
EP0955384A3 EP0955384A3 (fr) 2000-01-19
EP0955384B1 true EP0955384B1 (fr) 2005-04-13

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EP99104318A Expired - Lifetime EP0955384B1 (fr) 1998-05-06 1999-03-04 Procédé de trempe à gaz de pièces à usiner et installation de traitement thermique pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0955384B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19820083A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8820098B2 (en) 2011-05-17 2014-09-02 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method and apparatus for quenching of materials in vacuum furnace

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10054765A1 (de) * 2000-11-04 2002-05-16 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Wärmebehandlungsofen mit Tiefkühlsystem
FR2835907B1 (fr) * 2002-02-12 2004-09-17 Air Liquide Installation de trempe par gaz et procede de trempe correspondant
DE20208536U1 (de) 2002-05-29 2002-09-05 Schmetz GmbH, 58708 Menden Wärmebehandlungsanlage
DE102005051420A1 (de) 2005-10-27 2007-05-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur trockenen Umwandlung eines Material-Gefüges von Halbzeugen

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1452062A (en) * 1972-10-10 1976-10-06 Boc International Ltd Metal treatment
DE3346884A1 (de) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-11 Ipsen Industries International Gmbh, 4190 Kleve Industrieofen zur waermebehandlung metallischer werkstuecke
DE3501463A1 (de) * 1985-01-17 1986-07-17 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren und vorrichtung zur waermebehandlung von werkstuecken
GB8928820D0 (en) * 1989-12-21 1990-02-28 Cambridge Vacuum Eng Apparatus and method for cooling a furnace load
DE4422588C2 (de) * 1994-06-28 1999-09-23 Ald Vacuum Techn Gmbh Verfahren zum Abschrecken von Werkstücken durch Gase und Wärmebehandlungsanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE4435862C1 (de) * 1994-10-07 1995-08-24 Leybold Durferrit Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen, insbesondere zum Abschrecken, von Werkstücken durch Gase
DE59607067D1 (de) * 1995-07-21 2001-07-19 Ipsen Int Gmbh Ofen zur Wärmebehandlung von Chargen metallischer Werkstücke

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8820098B2 (en) 2011-05-17 2014-09-02 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method and apparatus for quenching of materials in vacuum furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19820083A1 (de) 1999-11-11
DE59911888D1 (de) 2005-05-19
EP0955384A3 (fr) 2000-01-19
EP0955384A2 (fr) 1999-11-10

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