EP0955645A2 - Actionneur électromagnétique ultrarapide sans ressorts - Google Patents

Actionneur électromagnétique ultrarapide sans ressorts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0955645A2
EP0955645A2 EP99108019A EP99108019A EP0955645A2 EP 0955645 A2 EP0955645 A2 EP 0955645A2 EP 99108019 A EP99108019 A EP 99108019A EP 99108019 A EP99108019 A EP 99108019A EP 0955645 A2 EP0955645 A2 EP 0955645A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
movable part
electromagnetic
ultraswift
statoric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99108019A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0955645B1 (fr
EP0955645A3 (fr
Inventor
Renato Biglino
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Omt Officine Meccaniche Torino SpA
Original Assignee
Omt Officine Meccaniche Torino SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Omt Officine Meccaniche Torino SpA filed Critical Omt Officine Meccaniche Torino SpA
Publication of EP0955645A2 publication Critical patent/EP0955645A2/fr
Publication of EP0955645A3 publication Critical patent/EP0955645A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0955645B1 publication Critical patent/EP0955645B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to electromagnetic actuators and in particular the linear and/or tangential electromagnetic actuators used to control drivers in hydraulic, pneumatic, oleodynamic servomechanisms; to control positioning mechanical devices through transmissions or other devices fitted to ensure the repetitiveness of the obtained movement; to make physical quantities measurement devices or for fuel injection valves in the combustion engines, and moreover without mechanical parts returning spring, such as spiral springs or others.
  • the required stroke of the movable part connected to the shutter to make the opening and the closing of the admitting ports is very short (for example some tenth of millimeters), but it has to be made in a very short time, with strong contrast strengths and in very unfavorable functioning environmental conditions, such as for instance the fuel injection into an engine or the driving of high pressure hydraulic servosystems where the functioning of the different parts of the valve have to be realized also in presence of the fluid.
  • the actuator must always ensure the closing position of the valve shutter even in case of lack of electric power or fault.
  • Such actuators are known in the field, for instance the patent DE 3501193 describes a combustion engine injection valve having a ferromagnetic core excited through a winding operating on an armature which acts as a closing part.
  • the armature is a permanent magnet and moves towards the core just when the winding is not excited by current so that the closing part closes the seat.
  • the excited winding generates a magnetic field opposing the permanent field contrasting it until the fluid pressure succeed in opening the valve.
  • This known electromagnetic actuator works, when closing, according to the natural tendency of a movable part, in this case a permanent magnet, of a magnetic circuit to move towards a certain position in search of the minimum reluctance conditions through the aligning of the generated flow lines; it is to say that in a first stage the permanent magnet is attracted by a ferromagnetic core so to reduce to the minimum the air distance from it, that is the air gap. Then, in a second stage, the electric excitation of the winding generates a magnetic field able to oppose the magnet permanent field and which works through the ferromagnetic core in a way to clear its attraction strength allowing the fluid pressure to open the valve without the active contribution of the electromagnet strength.
  • the initial position of the permanent magnet as to the electromagnetic circuit has to be "favorable" to allow displacement, and this statement will hereafter explained in detail.
  • This known electromagnetic actuator has nevertheless some disadvantages, first of all the fact that in the applications providing the use of such an actuator, such as the fuel injection into engines, are required high response speeds of the movable part even to the electric excitation, and consequently considerable bi-directional strengths joined with high induction values, and besides that particularly in the use of such actuators in hydraulic servosystems, the shutter connected to such movable part has to ensure, for security reason, a good closing strength in case of lack of electric power or faults. For these reasons it is necessary to lighten the mass of the movable part which has to be optimized to be substantially reduced in its dimensions and take, moreover, a fluid dynamic shape according to such high moving speeds in condition of immersion.
  • a particularly important disadvantage for the actuators using spring returning means is the necessity to make a careful dimensioning of its spring parts which have to ensure high response speeds without causing phenomena inducted through the resonance frequencies typical of such parts.
  • Aim of the present invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the known technique by means of an electromagnetic ultraswift Actuator without springs including a movable part and a statoric element coaxial to the movable part, being the movable part free to axially move inside the statoric element, a permanent magnet having its magnetic poles following each other along the longitudinal axis of the movable part, being the movable part kept in a provided position through the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet and suitable stroke limiters, and a statoric winding coaxial to the permanent magnet and excitable so that it interacts with the permanent magnet magnetic field, characterized in that the magnetic field generated in the winding excites the statoric part polarizing it so that the permanent magnet reacts together with the movable part connected to it moving towards another provided position, so that the axial translation of the permanent magnet and consequently of the movable part is respectively caused:
  • the permanent magnet works, when the winding is excited, preferably in correspondence of its maximum energy product, reducing the movable masses and then advantageously accelerating the actuator.
  • the actuator includes a plurality of permanent magnets coaxial to the movable part and having their magnetic poles following each other along the longitudinal axis of the movable part, and several coils coaxially set following each other on the statoric part and in a way such that when excited each field pole activated by the magnetic fields inducted by the coils in the statoric part interacts with at least one pole of such permanent magnets to cause an axial shifting of the movable part from one of these provided positions.
  • One of such provided positions can be for example the closing position of a fuel injection valve in the engines, and will be ensured though the closing of the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnets towards the field poles of the statoric part with its coils not excited by current or, alternatively, excited in a way to reinforce this closing action, thus through an induced field increasing the field of the permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet is in favorable position for the following stage of the valve opening caused by the excitation of the coils which induces on the statoric part field poles a field opposing that of the permanent magnet, thus that it is not in the condition of minimum reluctance as to the statoric part, and this is ensured by the stopping of the shutter against its seat suitably dimensioned according to the valve stroke one want to have.
  • the axial translation of the movable part means therefore the opening of the injection valve.
  • the coils winded around the actuator statoric part will be positioned at a distance such that each field pole comprised between two coils coaxially following and fed with opposite running currents, forms a single induced magnetic pole interacting with at least one of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets on the movable part, which have very thin polar ends or poles working as flow concentrator so to generate remarkable strengths: a) closing strength, in case the coils are excited so to generate a magnetic field increasing the one of the permanent magnet; b) opening strength, in case the coils field opposes the one of the magnet.
  • the electromagnetic strength generated in a movable part of a magnetic circuit is proportional to the linked surfaces and to the square of the induction; moreover through a suitably dimensioning of the permanent magnets poles and the coils winded around the statoric part, the induced currents are notably reduced in the movable part advantageously for the response time for that part and of the axial movement speeds, such an advantage is even greater if it is provided the use of an even number of such coils winded around the statoric part.
  • the nearer coils moreover allow, as known, the reduction of the reciprocal inductance between themselves and of the flows dispersed in the statoric part, with a resulting increase of the response speed and an improvement in the actuator efficiency.
  • the efficiency and the stability of the device used by the present invention allow, with limited energy absorptions, to get the margins necessary to oppose the effects of great changes of temperature and eventual changes of the stroke caused by possible plastic deformations of the structure caused by the strong pressures acting within the circuit of an hydraulic servomechanism.
  • Fig. 1 it is shown the electromagnetic actuator of the present invention applied to a fluid injection valve shown in closing position and consisting of a cylindrical movable part 1 including a shutter 2 abutting against a suitable seat 3 of the valve to prevent the fluid, for instance fuel, coming into the body 4 of the valve through the inlet 401, from reaching the feeding holes 402.
  • said valve has a modular structure so that it can be assembled and disassembled by separating from each other the several parts of which it consists.
  • Coaxially to the valve movable part 1 and connected to it are a succession of permanent magnets 5 (4 in this case) having their concentrated magnetic poles 6 coaxially placed along such part and with alternate polarities (for instance North-South-North-South-North).
  • a cylindrical statoric part 7 advantageously made, as said before, of suitable mild magnetic materials (within which the movable part 1 is evidently free to move) suitably shaped so that it forms field poles 8 around which are coaxially winded coils 9, which advantageously in this figure are in an even number (and 4 precisely) to reduce, during their electric excitation, the reciprocal inductance and the flows dispersed in the statoric part 7.
  • the closing position of the shutter 2 on the seat 3 is ensured in this operative form by the position of the poles 6 of the permanent magnets 5 as to the field poles 8 of the statoric part, that is to say starting from the left side of the movable part 1 and considering for instance the first magnetic pole 6, which is for instance supposed to be North, the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 5 which includes such pole 6 will tend to force it towards the first field pole 8 of the statoric part 7, which for the first hypothesis it is supposed not to be polarized since the coils 9 are not fed by any current, such pole 6 would tend to the minimum reluctance conditions, that is to say that it would move to align the flow lines of the magnet 5 to which it is connected with the corresponding field pole 8, not excited, but the stop of the shutter 2 against the seat 3 advantageously prevents this aligning from completing, so there will be a force which tends to push each magnetic pole 6 towards its respective field pole, and such force will be, within the saturation limit of the magnetic materials, as greater as smaller are the side surfaces of
  • the stroke limiter during the opening (end 13 of the movable part 1 - lower surface 12 of the screw stroke limiter 10) can be replaced, according to an operative variation form of the present invention reported in Fig. 3, by an adjustment flange 14 provided with suitable fastening screws 15 to the valve body and so disconnectable and interchangeable with another one, which serves as stroke limiter during the opening for the movable part 1 suitably shaped so to have an annular part 16 ensuring the abutment against the adjustment flange 14.
  • the valve lid 11 in this operative variation form is continuous and not perforated since it has not to house any stroke limiter or provide any abutment for the movable part 1.
  • the functioning of the actuator is unchanged as to what described before.
  • Fig. 4a and 4b explain better the functioning of the actuator of the present invention.
  • the first magnetic pole 6 taken into account as example in the description of the preceding figures, will be, without electric excitation of the coils 9 in the position C (it is to say closed valve), as one can notice it is not in the condition of minimum reluctance corresponding to the position indicated with 0, that is to say the condition where the lines of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 5 to which it belongs are axially aligned with the field pole 8 by which it is attracted, and this thanks to the stopping of the shutter 2 against the valve seat 3.
  • the excitation provided by the coils to open the valve (shifting C 1 A 1 ) is provided so to cause a shifting of the movable part 1 which occurs at the same speed, and so in the same time, of the closing shifting AC, in fact the curves F and F 1 are symmetrical to the S axis of the shifting.
  • the shifting AC and C 1 A 1 are advantageously carried out in correspondence of the crests of the curves F and F 1 so to work always with great values for such strengths and so very short moving times. If one wishes to change the stroke AC and so the C 1 A 1 by flattening the curve in correspondence of its crest it is possible according to the invention to suitably shape the field poles 8 and at the same time or alternatively adopt a so-called vernier disposition.
  • Fig. 4b is shown a variation of the functioning of the actuator of the present invention, that is to say the case where the magnetic poles 6 of the permanent magnets 5 not only tend naturally to the field poles 8 deactivated during the closing stage, but also are attracted by them through an auxiliary electromagnetic strength F 2 with the same sign; this means that in the previous case the first magnetic pole 6 of Fig. 1, supposed to be North, was attracted by the first not polarized field pole 8, in this case the first coil 9 of the statoric part 7 will be instead excited to induce in the first field pole 8 a magnetic field having South polarity so to attract the permanent magnet 5 with a strength F 2 greater than the strength F of Fig. 4a, and consequently to make a much more quick closing of the valve.
  • the only strength able to ensure the closing of the valve shutter 3 is the F one of the case of Fig. 4a.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
EP99108019A 1998-05-06 1999-04-23 Actionneur électromagnétique ultrarapide sans ressorts Expired - Lifetime EP0955645B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1998GE000035A IT1304369B1 (it) 1998-05-06 1998-05-06 Attuatore elettromagnetico ultrarapido privo di molle.
ITGE980035 1998-05-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0955645A2 true EP0955645A2 (fr) 1999-11-10
EP0955645A3 EP0955645A3 (fr) 2000-08-16
EP0955645B1 EP0955645B1 (fr) 2002-11-20

Family

ID=11355155

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99108019A Expired - Lifetime EP0955645B1 (fr) 1998-05-06 1999-04-23 Actionneur électromagnétique ultrarapide sans ressorts

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0955645B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE228265T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69903991T2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1304369B1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101749476A (zh) * 2008-12-04 2010-06-23 通用电气公司 电磁促动器
WO2012126751A1 (fr) * 2011-03-24 2012-09-27 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Système d'actionnement pour une vanne, et vanne destinée à commander un flux gazeux et/ou liquide

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3501193A1 (de) 1985-01-16 1986-07-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Kraftstoffeinspritzventil

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5946083B2 (ja) * 1980-05-06 1984-11-10 三菱電機株式会社 電磁石装置
US4785816A (en) * 1985-01-14 1988-11-22 Johnson & Johnson Ultrasound Inc. Ultrasonic transducer probe assembly
JP2596459B2 (ja) * 1989-03-30 1997-04-02 株式会社いすゞセラミックス研究所 バルブの電磁力駆動装置
FR2652402B1 (fr) * 1989-09-22 1992-01-24 Solex Electrovanne a aimant permanent.
US5434549A (en) * 1992-07-20 1995-07-18 Tdk Corporation Moving magnet-type actuator
DE69311525T2 (de) * 1993-01-07 1997-10-02 Tdk Corp Elektromagnetpumpe mit beweglichem Magnetkolben

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3501193A1 (de) 1985-01-16 1986-07-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Kraftstoffeinspritzventil

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101749476A (zh) * 2008-12-04 2010-06-23 通用电气公司 电磁促动器
EP2194302A3 (fr) * 2008-12-04 2010-07-14 General Electric Company Actionneurs électromagnétiques
CN101749476B (zh) * 2008-12-04 2014-07-09 通用电气公司 电磁促动器
WO2012126751A1 (fr) * 2011-03-24 2012-09-27 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Système d'actionnement pour une vanne, et vanne destinée à commander un flux gazeux et/ou liquide
CN103443878A (zh) * 2011-03-24 2013-12-11 谢夫勒科技股份两合公司 用于阀的驱动装置、用于控制气流和/或液流的阀
CN103443878B (zh) * 2011-03-24 2016-01-20 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 用于阀的驱动装置、用于控制气流和/或液流的阀

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69903991T2 (de) 2003-04-10
ITGE980035A0 (it) 1998-05-06
ATE228265T1 (de) 2002-12-15
ITGE980035A1 (it) 1999-11-06
EP0955645B1 (fr) 2002-11-20
DE69903991D1 (de) 2003-01-02
EP0955645A3 (fr) 2000-08-16
IT1304369B1 (it) 2001-03-15

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