Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
  • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/913—Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
  • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/696—Including strand or fiber material which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous compositions, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/699—Including particulate material other than strand or fiber material

Definitions

• the invention relates to a fire-resistant, elastic opening closure in the form of a preformed composite body.
• Openings are not permitted in components classified as fire protection (walls, ceilings), since in the event of a fire, fire and smoke can spread through the openings into the adjacent rooms.
• fire protection walls, ceilings
• a fire and smoke-tight closure for wall openings is known from the German utility model G 87 16 908.6.
• This closure is produced in the form of a conical stopper by foaming a fine-pored two-component foam in a suitable raw form.
• conical plugs are difficult to handle, which is is reinforced by the sticky outer skin.
• numerous hollow molds must be kept in order to obtain plugs of different sizes.
• DE 35 42 326 C1 describes a flame-retardant composite foam made of polyurethane foam flakes. This is produced by mixing the foam flakes with intumescent materials which can be inflated in the event of fire as binders and / or additives and then pressing them together. Intumescent materials in the form of expanded graphite can be used as the additive and intumescent materials in the form of an epoxy resin with a melamine hydrohalide can be used as the binder.
• the composite foam obtained in this way is suitable as a composite foam panel for laying on surfaces to be protected.
• the invention relates to a fire-resistant, elastic opening closure in the form of a preformed composite body
• the opening closure according to the invention can be produced in a simple manner, to a large extent or completely using recycled material.
• the opening closure according to the invention has excellent mechanical properties, in particular with regard to strength, abrasion resistance and elasticity.
• the opening closure according to the invention has excellent fire properties. It can easily be formulated so that its fire resistance is above F90 according to DIN 4102. His fire resistance is therefore the same as the fire resistance of concrete components, which is particularly advantageous.
• the blowing agent which becomes effective when the heat develops, increases the volume and ensures a particularly tight seal of the opening. Furthermore, additional cavities are created that increase the thermal insulation.
• the at least one heat-effective binder becomes sticky when exposed to heat and ensures that the individual components of the composite body hold together in the event of a fire and do not crumble.
• At least two heat-binding binders starting at different temperatures are advantageously provided.
• Organic thermoplastics that melt at low temperatures, inorganic hot-melt adhesives such as borates, ammonium polyphosphate, which softens over a wide temperature range and at the same time have flame-retardant properties, and glass, which develops their adhesive properties at higher temperatures, are particularly suitable as heat-binding binders.
• the glass is preferably in finely divided form, in particular in the form of fibers, hollow microspheres or glass powder.
• blowing agents which expand at different temperatures are provided as blowing agents. This also allows the blowing properties to be controlled over a wide temperature range. Expandable graphite is particularly suitable as a blowing agent and, if bloating is desired even at high temperatures, also unexpanded vermiculite and / or pearlite.
• the individual components can be premixed in finely divided form, after which the mixture is provided with the adhesive, preferably by spraying it onto the moving mixture.
• the mixture wetted with the adhesive is then preferably pressed into a block under the action of heat, the heat being able to be introduced evenly into the mixture, in particular with the aid of a steam jet.
• the at least one blowing agent and the at least one thermally active binder are in the form of a granulate containing both components. This will make it a very even one Distribution of the components in the opening closure obtained, which results in very uniform mechanical and fire properties.
• Particularly suitable granules of this type are described in DE 39 30 722 A1 as a swelling agent composition.
• the content of this publication is expressly referred to here.
• the composite bodies are composed of 10-50% by weight, in particular approximately 40% by weight, of elastically compressible particles, 20-70% by weight, in particular 40-60% by weight from the combination of heat-effective blowing agents and heat-binding binders, and 0.5 - 20% by weight, in particular approximately 10% by weight of adhesive.
• the combination of thermally active blowing agents and thermally active binders usually splits up to 40-80% by weight, in particular
• blowing agent in particular blowing agent mixture, and 60-20% by weight, especially binder mixture.
• the adhesive holding the components of the composite body together is a diisocyanate, in particular
• Diphenylmethane diisocyanate which is preferably set with water.
• the water from the steam jet or the aqueous medium with which the adhesive is added can be used for setting.
• the adhesive that holds the components of the composite body together is a thermoplastic, in particular a thermoplastic that can be applied in an aqueous medium, for example as a dispersion. This can also serve as a heat-effective binder.
• thermoplastics are polyvinyl acetate / ethylene copolymers and
• the opening closure according to the invention is preferably porous and in particular has a rough surface. This makes it particularly easy to compress. On the other hand, the rough surface ensures good adhesion in the openings to be closed.
• the opening closure according to the invention has the properties despite its heterogeneous composition of a homogeneous body.
• the elastically compressible particles can be essentially solid, such as rubber pieces or cork pieces. However, they are preferably porous.
• the composite body is a composite foam body, and the elastically compressible particles are foam particles.
• Balls of fiber are also suitable as compressible particles. Fibers and other compressible particles can also be present in combination with one another.
• the elastically compressible particles are open-pore, as is the case with fiber balls and open-pore foam particles.
• the particle size of the individual components can vary within wide limits. In the case of the compressible particles, it is generally between 1 and 20 mm, in particular 1 and 5 mm.
• the remaining constituents can be in the form of powders or particles with a particle size of 0.001-10 mm, preferably 0.1-5 mm, in particular 0.3-5 mm.
• the opening closures according to the invention are preferably made from larger blocks. Sheets of suitable thickness can be cut from these. This is possible in a simple manner, since the material of the composite body can be cut easily, for example with knives, scissors or hot wires. Punching is also possible. As a result, any sizes and shapes of opening closures can be produced without having to keep special shapes in stock.
• the resulting waste can be recycled in a simple manner by using it as an elastically compressible particle in the production of a new composite body. Since these particles then already contain the heat-effective binders and blowing agents, their amount can be reduced accordingly. It is also advantageously possible to prepare openings and recesses in the opening closures for the passage of lines, for example by partial punching.
• the opening closures contain 800-400, in particular 750-600 l gas / m 3 .
• the modulus of elasticity of the opening closures is generally from 1 • 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2, preferably from 4 to 10 ⁇ 10 3 N / m 2, in particular about 7 • 10 3 N / m 2.
• the opening closures advantageously have a compression hardness (at 40% compression) of 1 • 10 2 to 7 • 10 3 N / mm 2 , preferably 1, 3 to 5 ⁇ 10 2 N / mm 2 , in particular approx. 1, 7 • 10 2 N / mm 2 .
• the Shore A hardness of the opening closures is preferably in the range of 10-40, preferably 12 to 20, in particular approximately 15. These mechanical properties can be varied in a suitable manner by controlling the production conditions.
• a dry mixture is made from the following ingredients:
• the cut surfaces were porous and not sticky. They had a uniform black-gray color, with individual expandable graphite particles being recognizable. Sheets were cut from the composite body, from which the desired shapes of the opening closures (cylinders, cuboids and the like) were punched out. For the formation of cable feedthroughs, holes of different sizes were pre-punched so that the respective hole cores could be pushed out by hand at the construction site without tools.
• the opening closures could be bent and pressed together without the risk of breakage. They are so firm that they can be hammered into openings and pulled out of the openings without risk of breakage or tearing.
• Cylindrical parts with a thickness of 6 cm can be cut from the composite bodies. These cylinders are suitable for sealing off holes in components through which electrical cables are led. If two of these cylinders are installed in a bore in a 120 mm thick concrete wall, through which electrical cables of up to 20 mm in diameter are passed, a fire resistance of more than 120 minutes according to DIN 3102, part 9 can be achieved.
• Example 1 was repeated, first of all producing a granulate containing blowing agent and heat-binding agent. For this purpose
• a dry mixture is produced from 45% by weight of a swelling agent granulate according to DE 39 30 722 A1, which already contains a heat-effective binder, and 50% by weight of a rubber foam ground to a size of 1-3 mm.
• This mixture is sprayed with 5% by weight diphenylmethane diisocyanate, which is diluted 1: 1 with water.
• This preliminary product is heated in a heated press mold with several bursts of steam to approx. 170 ° C., whereby it solidifies into a composite body with a density of 380 kg / m 2 .
• the composite body has a modulus of elasticity of 2 • 10 4 N / m 2 and a compression hardness (40%) of 2.5 ⁇ 10 2 N / mm 2 .
• the cross-section of the composite body is used to cut trapezoidal bodies which can be used to seal the trapezoidal sheet beads above walls inside buildings.
• the composite bodies with a thickness of 120 mm have a fire resistance duration of more than 2 hours.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
• Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
• Insulated Conductors (AREA)
• Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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• 1997
  • 1997-02-08 DE DE19704833A patent/DE19704833A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1998
  • 1998-01-31 WO PCT/EP1998/000517 patent/WO1998035122A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1998-01-31 DE DE59807738T patent/DE59807738D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-01-31 AU AU66182/98A patent/AU721890B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1998-01-31 AT AT98908030T patent/ATE236337T1/de active
  • 1998-01-31 EP EP98908030A patent/EP0960251B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-01-31 DK DK98908030T patent/DK0960251T3/da active
  • 1998-01-31 US US09/367,092 patent/US6544445B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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