EP0961822A1 - Emulsions carburant-eau - Google Patents

Emulsions carburant-eau

Info

Publication number
EP0961822A1
EP0961822A1 EP98907932A EP98907932A EP0961822A1 EP 0961822 A1 EP0961822 A1 EP 0961822A1 EP 98907932 A EP98907932 A EP 98907932A EP 98907932 A EP98907932 A EP 98907932A EP 0961822 A1 EP0961822 A1 EP 0961822A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
water
emulsion according
ethylene oxide
water emulsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98907932A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Guido Dessauer
Ute Horn
Helmut Berenbold
Gerhard Crass
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Clariant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19701327A external-priority patent/DE19701327A1/de
Application filed by Clariant GmbH filed Critical Clariant GmbH
Publication of EP0961822A1 publication Critical patent/EP0961822A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C10L1/1258—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof hydrogen peroxide, oxygenated water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/0228—Adding fuel and water emulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases
    • F02F2007/0097—Casings, e.g. crankcases for large diesel engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • EP-A-0 431 357 discloses a method for operating
  • EP-A-0 372 353 discloses the production of a fuel-water mixture by means of an electromagnetic device.
  • the task now is to avoid a separate injection of water and the use of catalysts and to develop alcohol-free emulsions which simultaneously contain the fuel and the water in a uniform form. This problem was solved by using a special emulsifier and a stabilizer.
  • the invention relates to fuel-water emulsions consisting essentially of 60 to 80% by weight of a fuel, 0.5 to 5% by weight of one or more water-soluble and gasoline-insoluble emulsifiers of the formulas (A) R - 0 - (CH 2 CH 2 0) x - H
  • R is alkyl or alkenyl each having 8 to 18 carbon atoms or C 9 -C 14 alkylphenyl and x is a number from 8 to 30, and / or
  • x is a number between 10 and 30, and 1 to 10 wt .-% of a water-soluble and gasoline-insoluble polyalkylene glycol as a stabilizer, and water and optionally other additives ad 100 wt .-%.
  • R is preferably alkyl or alkenyl having 12 to 16 carbon atoms or C 9 alkylphenyl.
  • x is preferably a number between 9 and 13.
  • x is preferably a number between 9 and 13.
  • the emulsifier is generally a commercially available oxethylation product: (A) are oxyethylated fatty alcohols, preferably oxyethylated alkylphenols (®Arkopal, manufacturer Hoechst AG) and (B) are EO / PO copolymers of the general formula
  • indices a, b and c are such that the weight fraction of EO is 40 to 80%.
  • the numerical values of a, b and c therefore depend on the molecular weight of the block polymers, which is preferably between 2000 and 10,000 units.
  • C 4 H 9 here stands for an n-, iso- or tert-butyl radical.
  • the preferred emulsifiers are the ethoxylated alkylphenols, of which the ethoxylated nonylphenols are preferred.
  • the polyalkylene glycol used as stabilizer is preferably added in amounts of 1.5 to 5, in particular 2.5 to 3.5,% by weight.
  • Preferred polyalkylene glycols are those which contain both ethylene oxide and propylene oxide groups, such as the polyglycol B11 types from Hoechst AG. It is further preferred to use polyalkylene glycols which have molecular weights between 1000 and 10000 units.
  • the emulsions according to the invention can also contain, as a further additive, 0.5 to 8, preferably 1.5 to 2.5% by weight of hydrogen peroxide as a biostatic agent.
  • Hydrogen peroxide has the advantage that it provides additional oxygen for the combustion of the fuel, but other bactericidal, algicidal and fungicidal compositions which burn without residue can also be used. All percentages by weight relate to the entire emulsion.
  • the preferred fuel is gasoline for internal combustion engines - (for example normal or super), as well as other types of fuel such as diesel oil, naphtha or kerosene.
  • Fuel-water emulsions which contain 70-75% by weight of normal or super gasoline are preferred.
  • the fuel-water emulsions according to the invention can be produced in various ways.
  • One possibility is to dissolve the emulsifier and polyalkylene glycol in warm water and stir this solution into the fuel. Stir for a short while and then turn off the stirrer, whereupon the mixture separates into two phases. Then the mixture is stirred again until the emulsion is homogeneous and sufficiently thin. It is essential in this variant of the process that stirring is dispensed with in the meantime and the emulsion is left to stand briefly.
  • the emulsifier and polyalkylene glycol are also clearly dissolved in water.
  • the fuel is then added to this solution with stirring and stirring is continued until the emulsion is homogeneous and thin.
  • the water required for the preparation of these emulsions is preferably completely desalinated so that no solid residues form when these emulsions are burnt.
  • Suitable aggregates for producing the emulsions according to the invention are all aggregates known to those skilled in the art, for example high-shear dispersing aggregates (Ultraturrax), ultrasonic dispersers or dispersing disks of the Cowls mixer type or a Caddy-Mill.
  • the fuel-water emulsions according to the invention are suitable for operating internal combustion engines, in particular direct injection engines.
  • Polyalkylene glycol according to Example 1 was double distilled at 40 ° C in 90 ml Water dissolved. 300 ml of normal gasoline were mixed into this solution at approx. 45 ° C using a mixer that supplied high shear forces (type Caddy-Mill) until the viscosity visibly decreased. The temperature rises to about 50 ° C. After cooling, 20 ml of H 2 O 2 (30% strength) were added, which results in a further reduction in the viscosity.
  • Emulsifier ethoxyl. Nonylphenol 1% 0.9%
  • Example 3 Water and additives were mixed and heated as in Example 3. Then the gasoline was stirred into the aqueous solution with the aid of an Ultraturrax. The stirring was continued until the emulsion became thin, without letting the emulsion settle in the meantime.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des émulsions carburant-eau, comprenant essentiellement entre 60 et 80 % en poids d'un carburant, entre 0,5 et 5 % en poids d'un ou de plusieurs émulsifiants solubles dans l'eau et non solubles dans l'essence, des formules A) R-O-(CH2CH2O)x-H, dans laquelle R désigne alkyle ou alkényle ayant chacun entre 8 et 18 atomes de C ou alkylphényle C9-C14 et x vaut un nombre compris entre 8 et 30, ou B) HO-(C2H4O)x-(C3H6O)y-(C2H4O)z-H, où la part d'unités d'oxyde d'éthylène se situe entre 40 et 80 % en poids de la masse moléculaire, ou C) (i) dans laquelle x vaut un nombre compris entre 8 et 30, et entre 1 et 10 % en poids d'un polyalkylène glycol soluble dans l'eau et non soluble dans l'essence, comme agent de stabilisation, ainsi que de l'eau et éventuellement d'autres additifs à concurrence de 100 % en poids. Ces émulsions peuvent s'utiliser pour actionner des moteurs à combustion interne.
EP98907932A 1997-01-16 1998-01-09 Emulsions carburant-eau Withdrawn EP0961822A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19701327 1997-01-16
DE19701327A DE19701327A1 (de) 1997-01-16 1997-01-16 Kraftstoff-Wasser-Emulsionen
DE19703550 1997-01-31
DE19703550 1997-01-31
PCT/EP1998/000088 WO1998031773A1 (fr) 1997-01-16 1998-01-09 Emulsions carburant-eau

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0961822A1 true EP0961822A1 (fr) 1999-12-08

Family

ID=26033148

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98907932A Withdrawn EP0961822A1 (fr) 1997-01-16 1998-01-09 Emulsions carburant-eau

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6280486B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0961822A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001508117A (fr)
AR (1) AR010103A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6613598A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998031773A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2802941B1 (fr) * 1999-12-23 2002-04-05 Elf Antar France Combustible emulsionne stable en temperature
US7279017B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2007-10-09 Colt Engineering Corporation Method for converting heavy oil residuum to a useful fuel
US7341102B2 (en) 2005-04-28 2008-03-11 Diamond Qc Technologies Inc. Flue gas injection for heavy oil recovery
EP1816314B1 (fr) 2006-02-07 2010-12-15 Diamond QC Technologies Inc. Injection de gaz de carburant enrichi au dioxyde de carbone pour une récupération des hydrocarbures
EP2145940A1 (fr) * 2008-07-15 2010-01-20 Bp Oil International Limited Utilisation et véhicule
JP4791602B1 (ja) * 2010-10-21 2011-10-12 福西電機株式会社 エマルジョン燃料の製造方法、エマルジョン燃料、及び、エマルジョン燃料製造装置
EP2635241B1 (fr) 2010-11-02 2019-02-20 Endologix, Inc. Appareil de disposition de greffe ou de système de greffe
US20220098503A1 (en) * 2020-09-25 2022-03-31 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Fuel compositions with gdi deposit fluidizing agents and methods of use thereof

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB205582A (en) 1922-07-21 1923-10-22 Percy Lennox Improvements in or relating to inflammable vaporisable liquid fuels
GB669037A (en) 1940-12-19 1952-03-26 Standard Oil Dev Co Improved motor fuels
US2920948A (en) * 1955-10-21 1960-01-12 Monsanto Chemicals Emulsified motor fuel
US3490237A (en) * 1966-07-18 1970-01-20 Petrolite Corp Thixotropic oil-in-water emulsion fuels
GB1147867A (en) * 1966-10-12 1969-04-10 Exxon Research Engineering Co Viscous emulsion of liquid hydrocarbon
US3519006A (en) * 1966-12-05 1970-07-07 Ralph Simon Pipelining oil/water mixtures
US3458294A (en) 1967-03-16 1969-07-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Viscous emulsion of liquid hydrocarbon
US4246919A (en) * 1978-12-13 1981-01-27 Conoco, Inc. Method of transporting viscous hydrocarbons
DE2854437A1 (de) * 1978-12-16 1980-06-26 Bayer Ag Kraftstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung
NL7903961A (nl) * 1979-05-21 1980-11-25 Unilever Nv Werkwijze voor het bereiden van water-in-koolwaterstof emulsies.
US4294586A (en) * 1980-06-05 1981-10-13 Cox Jr Charles P Gasoline and diesel fuel additive
US4382802A (en) * 1981-06-02 1983-05-10 K-V Pharmaceutical Company Fire starters
JPS58208387A (ja) 1982-05-31 1983-12-05 Furuhashi Kiyohisa アルコ−ル燃料添加剤及びその製法
US4570656A (en) * 1983-05-05 1986-02-18 Petrolite Corporation Method of transporting viscous hydrocarbons
EP0183685A1 (fr) * 1984-03-12 1986-06-11 Ar-Chimmo S.A. Emulsion de mazout et de carburant, procede pour sa preparation et son utilisation
US5283001A (en) * 1986-11-24 1994-02-01 Canadian Occidental Petroleum Ltd. Process for preparing a water continuous emulsion from heavy crude fraction
NO864988D0 (no) 1986-12-10 1986-12-10 Dyno Industrier As Oppgradering av tunge voksholdige oljefraksjoner til bruk som lette fyringsoljer eller dieseloljer samt oppgraderte oljer.
GB8717836D0 (en) * 1987-07-28 1987-09-03 British Petroleum Co Plc Preparation & combustion of fuel oil emulsions
EP0400044A1 (fr) 1988-02-03 1990-12-05 Loughborough Consultants Limited Dispositif et procede permettant de detecter de petites particules dans un fluide
KR0140975B1 (ko) 1989-11-22 1998-07-01 더블유. 군너만 루돌프 내연기관용 수성연료와 그 연소방법

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO9831773A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2001508117A (ja) 2001-06-19
WO1998031773A1 (fr) 1998-07-23
AU6613598A (en) 1998-08-07
AR010103A1 (es) 2000-05-17
US6280486B1 (en) 2001-08-28

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