EP0962004B1 - Einrichtung und verfahren zur information über verkehrsstörungen - Google Patents
Einrichtung und verfahren zur information über verkehrsstörungen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0962004B1 EP0962004B1 EP97951850A EP97951850A EP0962004B1 EP 0962004 B1 EP0962004 B1 EP 0962004B1 EP 97951850 A EP97951850 A EP 97951850A EP 97951850 A EP97951850 A EP 97951850A EP 0962004 B1 EP0962004 B1 EP 0962004B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- traffic
- data
- received
- disruption
- transmitted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/091—Traffic information broadcasting
- G08G1/093—Data selection, e.g. prioritizing information, managing message queues, selecting the information to be output
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
- G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for information about Traffic disturbances with means for receiving with sensors recorded traffic data and a method for Information about traffic disruptions.
- a more precise recording and faster transmission has become known with the help of the Systems for the transmission of digitally coded traffic reports become possible.
- the structure and coding of these Traffic reports and the list of places are in CEN pr ENV / 278/7/1/0012 and pr ENV / 278/7/3/0004 set on the proposed standard ALERT C, June 1996, published by the RDS ATT ALERT Consortium.
- the essential elements A traffic announcement is the location of the event (Location) and the event (Event). These details are cataloged, that is, every traffic-relevant place and a unique code for every traffic-relevant event is assigned.
- the concatenation of the locations in the location table along existing roads shows the course. Except the usual facilities of a receiving device with a RDS decoders are used to use the traffic information channel TMC (Traffic Message Channel) Decoding devices for Storage, processing and output of the Traffic announcements required.
- TMC Traffic Message Channel
- RDS radio data system
- Specifications of the radio data system for FM radio are among others in the publication Tech. 3244-E, March 1984 of the European Runfunk Union (EBU).
- Radio receivers with suitable RDS decoders can transmitted data in addition to audio reception with the Record and decode the same receiver.
- Digitally coded traffic reports can also be passed on to others Way than via broadcasters and radio data signals be transmitted. This is, for example, a transmission of digitally coded traffic reports via mobile radio networks possible.
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
- Short Messages Short Messages
- the object of the present invention is therefore that Drivers don't just have static information accessible too make but information that draws conclusions on the Allow actual traffic obstruction, for example the temporal development of a traffic disruption or the achievable despite traffic disruption Average speed on the affected Stretch.
- the device according to the invention can in or in Connection with a terminal, for example one Car radio or a mobile device, or in a central Device be arranged.
- a terminal for example one Car radio or a mobile device, or in a central Device be arranged.
- the one used for the calculation Flow density diagram is also often called Fundamental diagram of road traffic is called and is for example in "How a traffic jam develops", Spectrum of Science, 11/89, p. 182. It represents the connection of the traffic flow q - often also Called traffic strength - and the traffic density k.
- Um the data to be output using the flow-density diagram can calculate different sizes as input data used whatever is available from each standing sensors and the circumstances in individual cases depends.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the traffic data received each measured traffic density, an identifier of the affected Route section and the respectively measured extent of the Describe traffic disruption.
- This embodiment can also be designed such that the traffic data received also for each Describe the route section of the valid flux density diagram.
- This has the advantage that a central traffic computer Flow density diagram to be taken into account in the calculation the current road conditions (e.g. single lane accessibility of a motorway).
- the flux density diagram is a parabola, which is given by the Coordinate zero goes, a description suffices two sizes, for example by the coordinates of the Maximum.
- Another advantageous embodiment of the invention Setup is that the traffic data received are extended TMC messages. This allows the existing facilities of the TMC system largely used become. Furthermore, there is a disturbance of existing ones Exclude TMC recipients.
- Another development of the device according to the invention consists of data in the memory for description the flux density diagrams of sections of the route are stored are. This is for those sections of the route, for which have no temporary changes, one Transfer of the one describing the flux density diagram No data required.
- the storage of data for the "normal" flowcharts can be easily in the Relation to those for decoding TMC messages location tables required anyway.
- Such Programs are for example for personal computers on the Available on the market or integrated into navigation systems.
- the User specifies start and finish, if necessary also others Waypoints, and then get either as a list or as Marking a route recommendation on a road map. Even if when calculating this route recommendation the Road condition and possibly existing ones Traffic disruptions can be considered unfavorable route calculation nevertheless take place, the Motorists get a route displayed that is only at a waypoint reached after a long time because of a now significantly increased traffic disruption than turns out wrong.
- the facility is therefore also a means of calculating Route recommendations are provided, with the calculated data to be output are taken into account.
- the Establishment and means for calculating Route recommendations are arranged in a terminal that the traffic data from at least one central facility receives.
- This is just a uni-directional Data connection with the central device to the terminal required, such as in the radio data system or in the broadcast channel of a mobile radio system.
- the Establishment and means for calculating Route recommendations arranged in a central facility are the data from end devices to a desired one Are feedable and from which the calculated Route recommendations to the end devices are transferable.
- This Further education uses a bidirectional data connection ahead, as used for example by mobile radio systems Will be provided.
- the object of the invention is in a Method according to the invention for information about Traffic disruption, taking traffic data with the help of Sensors are recorded, solved that from the recorded traffic data using a for the each section of the current flow-density diagram Data to be output are calculated, which is the impact describe the traffic disruption.
- the invention also includes a method of transmission of information about traffic disruption, being Traffic data can be recorded with the help of sensors which is provided that the recorded traffic data Are transmitted and there with the help of a for the each section of the current flow-density diagram data to be output from the transmitted traffic data be calculated, which is the impact of the traffic disruption describe.
- the embodiment as well as parts of it are as Block diagrams shown. However, this does not mean that the device according to the invention on a realization with the help of individual ones corresponding to the blocks Circuits is limited.
- the device according to the invention is rather in a particularly advantageous manner with the help of highly integrated circuits possible. You can digital signal processors are used, which at suitable programming in the block diagrams perform the processing steps shown.
- the device according to the invention can be used together with other Circuit arrangements within an integrated circuit essential parts of a terminal, for example one Radio receiver, form.
- a receiver 1 In a receiver 1 are broadcast signals, the RDS signals included, received, including demodulation, Error correction and decoding of the RDS signals and a the TMC messages are then decoded.
- the receiver 1 Selection of the TMC messages according to user-adjustable Selection criteria, for example according to individual streets and areas.
- the remaining TMC messages are then a selection filter 2, which with stores 3 to 5, 15 is connected for the location LOC, the extent EXT, the Characteristic values kmax, qmax of the flux density diagram, each current traffic density transmitted with the TMC message k and the also transmitted dimension 1 of the Traffic disruption. This information can be used for several TMC messages are saved.
- the route length is temporarily stored in a memory 8, while at 14 a Calculation of the FDD characteristic value in the event that Section of several FDD parameters in the location list are filed. This can be the case if for example, a section of the route partly four, partly six Has lanes. This calculation can be done as Minimum formation (worst value) or as Averaging takes place.
- the FDD characteristic value thus calculated becomes 9 cached.
- a selection is made between the FDD characteristic value cached at 4 and 9.
- the transferred and buffered at 4 FDD parameter priority so that the from the list of places 6 read out characteristic value is only used if none FDD characteristic value was transferred.
- This selection can also be made at 7 be hit by a dashed line is indicated.
- the result of the selection at 10 as well as the temporarily stored traffic density k and the extent 1 are evaluated at 11.
- the evaluation can also be carried out using the 11 calculated flow-density diagram as below Described with reference to Figures 2 and 3, take place.
- the data to be output are then saved using a Output device (such as display) 12 made visible and / or e.g. available via voice output be put.
- Figures 2 and 3 each show a flux density diagram, the relationship between traffic flow q and Represents traffic density k.
- the flow of traffic in Cars measured per unit of time, while traffic density k Cars per route unit means.
- three points A, B, C are highlighted for one low traffic density k1, a medium traffic density k2 and high traffic density k3.
- the slope of the straight line shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2 gives the average speed of the vehicles. at that explained in connection with Fig. 1
- points A, B, C are tangents to the Flow density diagram created.
- the slope of these tangents gives the speed of density waves and the slope a secant, such as that between points A and B is the speed of Shock waves.
- Density waves settle on positive Slope of the tangents in the direction of travel, with negative Incline against the direction of travel, the latter thus influence the traffic that follows. This can be calculated whether a traffic disruption in a predetermined time a junction of a highway in Direction of travel or against the direction of travel.
- a driver can decide or recommend a terminal, which connection point to the Leave or used to drive up.
- Fig. 4 shows a device, which is also preferably in arranged a terminal and by a device 16 for Calculation of route recommendations is added.
- a memory 17 with a so-called digital Road map, which may also include the list of places 6 can be combined.
- a keyboard 18 User start, destination and if necessary intermediate Waypoints to be passed on the way enter.
- the device 16 is that in the receiver 1 selection of the TMC messages carried out controllable in such a way that all TMC messages that may be the calculation influence the route recommendation, be selected. For all of these TMC messages are the relevant data in the Save 3 to 5 and 15 filed.
- the data belonging to each section of the route is retrievable from the device 16 from the memories, whereupon the result of the evaluation at 11 of the device 16 can be supplied.
- traffic disruptions and their Effects are taken into account. For example be calculated whether a traffic disruption on one in itself recommended by the route calculation and by the vehicle A section of track to be reached later Represents impairment, so that possibly of another route is recommended in advance.
- Fig. 5 shows a device according to the invention, which in a Central unit, for example in a central Traffic calculator, is arranged and in its main Components of the device of FIG. 4 corresponds.
- a Communication network 21 for example ISDN, from one 5 sensors 22 merely indicated in FIG. 5 fed.
- memories 3 to 5 and 15 the data available for all sections of a route Road network stored so that the device 16 in the Is able to report all traffic disruptions at the Calculation of any route recommendations to be considered.
- Requirements for calculating a route recommendation and the Route recommendations are calculated at the 5 via a mobile radio network 23 Transfer terminals 24.
- the keyboard 18 and the Display device 12 can for monitoring and Maintenance tasks are used.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein Blockdiagramm einer erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung, die vorzugsweise in einem Endgerät angeordnet ist,
- Fig. 2
- und Fig. 3 Fluß-Dichte-Diagramme,
- Fig. 4
- ein Blockschaltbild einer Einrichtung gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung in einem Endgerät und
- Fig. 5
- in einer zentralen Einrichtung.
Claims (16)
- Einrichtung zur Information eines Autofahrers über Verkehrsstörungen über Funk mit Mitteln zum Empfang von mit Sensoren aufgenommenen Verkehrsdaten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß neben dem Ort (LOC) und dem Ausmaß (EXT) der Verkehrsbehinderung die Verkehrsdichte (k) in der Empfangseinrichtung empfangen und gespeichert ist, daß die maximale Verkehrsdichte (kmax) in Abhängigkeit vom übertragenen Ort (LOC) einen Speicher (6) entnommen oder ebenfalls empfangen und gespeichert ist, daß aus dem Speicher (6) ferner der maximale Verkehrsfluß (qmax) in Abhängigkeit vom übertragenen Ort (LOC) entnommen ist oder empfangen ist und dass Mittel (11) vorgesehen sind, die aus den empfangenen Verkehrsdaten unter Berücksichtigung des Fluß-Dichte-Diagramms die Auswirkung der Verkehrsstörung beschreiben.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zusätzlich Informationen über die Ausdehnung (1) der Verkehrsstörung empfängt.
- Einrichtung nach einem der vorgehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die empfangenen Verkehrsdaten erweiterte TMC-Meldungen sind.
- Einrichtung nach einem der vorgehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auszugebenden Daten die mittlere Geschwindigkeit und/oder die Fahrzeit auf einem bekannten Streckenabschnitt beschreiben.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auszugebenden Daten die Änderung der Länge der Verkehrsstörung beschreiben.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ferner Mittel zur Berechnung von Routenempfehlungen vorgesehen sind, wobei die auszugebenden Daten berücksichtigt sind.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung und die Mittel zur Berechnung von Routenempfehlungen in einem Endgerät angeordnet sind, das die Verkehrsdaten von mindestens einer zentralen Einrichtung erhält.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung und die Mittel zur Berechnung von Routenempfehlungen in einer zentralen Einrichtung angeordnet sind, der von Endgeräten Daten zu einer jeweils gewünschten Fahrt zuführbar sind und von der die berechneten Routenempfehlungen zu den Endgeräten übertragbar sind.
- Verfahren zur Information eines Autofahrers über Verkehrsstörungen über Funk, wobei Verkehrsdaten mit Hilfe von Sensoren aufgenommen werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß neben dem Ort (LOC) und dem Ausmaß (EXT) der Verkehrsbehinderung die Verkehrsdichte (k) empfangen wird und gespeichert wird, daß die maximale Verkehrsdichte (kmax) in Abhängigkeit vom übertragenen Ort (LOC) einem Speicher (6) entnommen oder ebenfalls empfangen und gespeichert wird, daß aus dem Speicher (6) ferner der maximale Verkehrsfluß (qmax) in Abhängigkeit vom übertragenen Ort (LOC) entnommen oder empfangen wird, und daß aus den empfangenen Verkehrsdaten unter Berücksichtigung des Fluß-Dichte-Diagramms die Auswirkung der Verkehrsstörung beschrieben wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Informationen über die Ausdehnung (1) der Verkehrsstörung empfangen werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die empfangenen Verkehrsdaten erweiterte TMC-Meldungen sind.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auszugebenden Daten die mittlere Geschwindigkeit und/oder die Fahrzeit auf einem bekannten Streckenabschnitt beschreiben.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch kennzeichnet, daß die auszugebenden Daten die Änderung der Länge der Verkehrsstörung beschreiben.
- Verfahren zur Übertragung von Information über Verkehrsstörungen, wobei Verkehrsdaten mit Hilfe von Sensoren aufgenommen werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß neben dem Ort (LOC) und dem Ausmaß (EXT) der Verkehrsbehinderung die Verkehrsdichte (k) übertragen wird, daß vorzugsweise auch die maximale Verkehrsdichte (kmax) übertragen wird , daß der maximale Verkehrsfluß (qmax) für den Streckenabschnitt übertragen wird, und daß aus den empfangenen Verkehrsdaten unter Berücksichtigung des Flußdichtediagramms die Auswirkung der Verkehrsstörung ermittelt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Information über die Ausdehnung der Verkehrsstörung übertragen werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die übertragenen Verkehrsdaten erweiterte TMC-Meldungen sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19708106 | 1997-02-28 | ||
| DE19708106A DE19708106A1 (de) | 1997-02-28 | 1997-02-28 | Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Information über Verkehrsstörungen |
| PCT/DE1997/002897 WO1998038617A1 (de) | 1997-02-28 | 1997-12-12 | Einrichtung und verfahren zur information über verkehrsstörungen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0962004A1 EP0962004A1 (de) | 1999-12-08 |
| EP0962004B1 true EP0962004B1 (de) | 2003-05-14 |
Family
ID=7821802
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97951850A Expired - Lifetime EP0962004B1 (de) | 1997-02-28 | 1997-12-12 | Einrichtung und verfahren zur information über verkehrsstörungen |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0962004B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2001513235A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20000071119A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19708106A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2200209T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1998038617A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009006059A3 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-02-19 | Microsoft Corp | Predictive models of road reliability for traffic sensor configuration and routing |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EA003137B1 (ru) * | 1998-02-05 | 2003-02-27 | Пфайзер Продактс Инк | Новые производные дигидроксигексановой кислоты |
| DE19914041A1 (de) * | 1999-03-27 | 2000-09-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Information von Autofahrern |
| GB9914812D0 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 1999-08-25 | Kew Michael J | Traffic monitoring |
| WO2001006477A1 (de) * | 1999-07-20 | 2001-01-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und anordnung zur bearbeitung von zustandsberichten eines systems |
| DE19951546C2 (de) * | 1999-10-26 | 2002-03-21 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Benachrichtigen eines Benutzers über eine Verkehrsinformation und Navigationsgerät |
| DE10014259C2 (de) * | 2000-03-22 | 2003-02-06 | Harman Becker Automotive Sys | Verfahren zur Berechnung der Fahrtzeit und Navigationssystem |
| DE102005010246A1 (de) * | 2005-03-05 | 2006-09-07 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Übertragung von Normalformen von Verkehrsstörungen zum Zwecke zeitabhängiger Navigation |
| DE102005032975A1 (de) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-25 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Verkehrsrechner zur Berechnung eines aktuellen oder künftigen Verkehrszustandes |
| DE102009029531A1 (de) | 2009-09-17 | 2011-03-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Einschätzung der Straßenverkehrsdichte bei Kraftfahrzeugen |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3128578A1 (de) * | 1981-07-20 | 1983-02-03 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | "verfahren zur automatischen staudetektion und stauprognose fuer den strassenverkehr" |
| AU2268088A (en) * | 1987-08-25 | 1989-03-31 | Elin-Union Aktiengesellschaft Fur Elektrische Industrie | Improved road traffic-control system |
| DE4328939C2 (de) * | 1993-08-28 | 2000-06-21 | Ave Verkehrs Und Informationst | Verfahren zur Erfassung von streckenbezogenen Verkehrsgrößen |
| DE29505615U1 (de) * | 1995-03-31 | 1995-11-02 | Copilot Verkehrsleit Und Verke | Verkehrsleitsystem für ein Verkehrswegenetz |
| ATE182709T1 (de) * | 1995-04-28 | 1999-08-15 | Inform Inst Operations Res & M | Verfahren zur störungserkennung im strassenverkehr |
-
1997
- 1997-02-28 DE DE19708106A patent/DE19708106A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-12-12 JP JP53713698A patent/JP2001513235A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-12 ES ES97951850T patent/ES2200209T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-12 KR KR1019997007407A patent/KR20000071119A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-12 EP EP97951850A patent/EP0962004B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-12 WO PCT/DE1997/002897 patent/WO1998038617A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-12 DE DE59710100T patent/DE59710100D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009006059A3 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-02-19 | Microsoft Corp | Predictive models of road reliability for traffic sensor configuration and routing |
| US7948400B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2011-05-24 | Microsoft Corporation | Predictive models of road reliability for traffic sensor configuration and routing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2001513235A (ja) | 2001-08-28 |
| DE19708106A1 (de) | 1998-09-03 |
| WO1998038617A1 (de) | 1998-09-03 |
| KR20000071119A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
| DE59710100D1 (de) | 2003-06-18 |
| ES2200209T3 (es) | 2004-03-01 |
| EP0962004A1 (de) | 1999-12-08 |
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