EP0962585A2 - Breathable artificial leather - Google Patents
Breathable artificial leather Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0962585A2 EP0962585A2 EP99110686A EP99110686A EP0962585A2 EP 0962585 A2 EP0962585 A2 EP 0962585A2 EP 99110686 A EP99110686 A EP 99110686A EP 99110686 A EP99110686 A EP 99110686A EP 0962585 A2 EP0962585 A2 EP 0962585A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- monomers
- groups
- group
- impregnate
- synthetic leather
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920003009 polyurethane dispersion Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003341 Bronsted base Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 vinyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNOZGCICXAYKLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-isocyanatopropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)(C)N=C=O NNOZGCICXAYKLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)C(O)=O PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004146 Propane-1,2-diol Substances 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006887 Ullmann reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-alanine Chemical compound NCCC(O)=O UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OZCRKDNRAAKDAN-HNQUOIGGSA-N (e)-but-1-ene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCC\C=C\O OZCRKDNRAAKDAN-HNQUOIGGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHLKMGYGBHFODF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=C(CN=C=O)C=C1 OHLKMGYGBHFODF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOVCUELHTLHMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 QOVCUELHTLHMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMADTXMQLFQQII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 DMADTXMQLFQQII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-2-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYDHLGJJJAWBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-4-[2-(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CC(N=C=O)CCC1C(C)(C)C1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 LYDHLGJJJAWBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEUVIXACNOXTBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-sulfanylpropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)S AEUVIXACNOXTBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,4,4,5-hexamethylhexane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)S YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWFYIOVXCUTUOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)CP(O)(O)=O SWFYIOVXCUTUOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSMWYRLQHIXVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNC(C)CN1 NSMWYRLQHIXVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVGRSQBDVIJNDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound NCCNCCS(O)(=O)=O IVGRSQBDVIJNDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOJUJUVQIVIZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde Chemical group NC1=NC(Cl)=C(C=O)C(Cl)=N1 GOJUJUVQIVIZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWWXYLGCHHIKNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(=O)C=C FWWXYLGCHHIKNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYBOGQYZTIIPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexano-6-lactone Chemical compound CC1CCCCOC1=O IYBOGQYZTIIPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWGRWMMWNDWRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(C)CO QWGRWMMWNDWRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMRCTEPOPAZMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-undecylpropanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O WMRCTEPOPAZMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNLRDVBAHRQMHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propanoic acid Chemical compound NCCNCCC(O)=O NNLRDVBAHRQMHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEEZXCFWEVKMQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1-phenylpropyl)phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 IEEZXCFWEVKMQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMJBXEZHJUYJQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(aminomethyl)octane-1,8-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCC(CN)CCCN HMJBXEZHJUYJQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004358 Butane-1, 3-diol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical group FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTDWCIXOEPQECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N=C=O.N=C=O.CCCCCC(C)(C)C Chemical compound N=C=O.N=C=O.CCCCCC(C)(C)C JTDWCIXOEPQECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDVJBLBBQLHKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOP(=O)OO Chemical class OOP(=O)OO VDVJBLBBQLHKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJZZTCSJZCYCQS-RFVHGSKJSA-N [(2r)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]-prop-2-ynylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C#CCN[C@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KJZZTCSJZCYCQS-RFVHGSKJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical class OCC1(CO)CCCCC1 ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZVQCMJNVPIDEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [CH2]CN(CC)CC Chemical group [CH2]CN(CC)CC MZVQCMJNVPIDEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNWBFIVSTXCJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [diisocyanato(phenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N=C=O)(N=C=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LNWBFIVSTXCJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylethanolamine Chemical compound NCCNCCO LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005228 aryl sulfonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940000635 beta-alanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-propiolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCO1 VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZCILODAAHLISPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl ether Natural products C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC(OC=2C(=CC(CC=C)=CC=2)O)=C1 ZCILODAAHLISPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical group BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JSPXPZKDILSYNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-yne-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCC#CO JSPXPZKDILSYNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GHWVXCQZPNWFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2,3-diamine Chemical class CC(N)C(C)N GHWVXCQZPNWFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCC(N)CC1 VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate Chemical compound C1CC(N=C=O)CCC1CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- JXCHMDATRWUOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisocyanatomethylbenzene Chemical class O=C=NC(N=C=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JXCHMDATRWUOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,12-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCO GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVBRSNZAOAJRKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-sulfanylacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CS PVBRSNZAOAJRKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YJSSCAJSFIGKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YJSSCAJSFIGKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYECJBOWSGTPLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diamine Chemical class CCCCCC(N)N SYECJBOWSGTPLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAMYCKUDTNLASP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-2,2-diol Chemical class CCCCC(C)(O)O SAMYCKUDTNLASP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004658 ketimines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MKIJJIMOAABWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-sulfanylacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CS MKIJJIMOAABWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monothioglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)CS PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxysulfuric acid Chemical class OOS(O)(=O)=O FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004344 phenylpropyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000874 polytetramethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNZJJSYHZBXQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-2,2-diamine Chemical class CC(C)(N)N ZNZJJSYHZBXQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical class [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035024 thioglycerol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31565—Next to polyester [polyethylene terephthalate, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention further relates to these poromeric synthetic leather self.
- poromeric synthetic leather should that of high quality natural types of leather, in particular Suede, come as close as possible. This mainly affects properties like a good water vapor permeability, a high one Tear resistance and pleasant haptic properties.
- poromeric synthetic leather is generally known (cf. plastic handbook, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff, Vienna, vol. 7: Polyurethane, 3rd edition 1993, chapter 10.2.1.4).
- the previously known Procedure is common that the synthetic leather from solutions or dispersions of polyurethanes that are contain organic solvents.
- the so-called Coagulation process a textile fabric with a organic solution of a polyurethane, if necessary. mixed with a polyurethane dispersion and if necessary. a polyelectrolyte impregnated and the fabric thus pretreated one after the other through several baths with mixtures of dimethylformamide and Water with decreasing dimethylformamide concentration led.
- JP 09/18 89 75 A variant of this process, which leads to textile articles leads particularly pleasant, leather-like handle, is in JP 09/18 89 75.
- a disadvantage of this process is that large amounts of exhaust air or Wastewater that contain organic solvents and cumbersome have to be processed.
- the object was therefore to provide poromeric synthetic leather, which differ as far as possible with regard to their usage properties differ little from natural types of leather and with less technical effort as known poromeric synthetic leather are producible.
- poromeric synthetic leather described above as well as the processes for their production.
- textile fabrics are used, which are woven or non-woven textiles with a weight per unit area of 100 to 1000 g / m2, particularly preferably 250 to 500 g / m 2 .
- the usual fibers are particularly suitable extendable polymers, for example polyamides, polyurethanes, Polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile and especially preferably polyester.
- Natural fibers such as Wool, cotton, Viscose or silk can be used.
- the polyesters are preferably poly (ethylene terephthalate), Poly (tetramethylene terephthalate) or poly (-1,4-dimethylenecyclohexane terephthalate).
- Polyester nonwovens that are needled are very particularly preferred could be.
- the monomers (a1) which are usually used in polyurethane chemistry diisocyanates used into consideration.
- diisocyanates X (NCO) 2 where X represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 15 carbon atoms or an araliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 7 to 15 carbon atoms.
- diisocyanates examples include tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecanethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-3,5,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (IPDI), 2,2-bis (4-isocyanatocyclohexyl) propane, trimethylhexane diisocyanate , 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene, 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene, 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, 4,4'-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane, 2,4'-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane, p-xylylene diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), the isomers of the bis - (4-isocyan
- Mixtures of these are, in particular, mixtures of these isocyanates respective structural isomers of diisocyanatotoluene and diisocyanato-diphenylmethane important, especially the mixture from 80 mol% 2,4 diisocyanatotoluene and 20 mol% 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene suitable.
- the mixtures of aromatic isocyanates such as 2,4 diisocyanatotoluene and / or 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene with aliphatic or cycloaliphatic Isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate or IPDI in particular advantageous, the preferred mixing ratio of the aliphatic to aromatic isocyanates is 4: 1 to 1: 4.
- diols (a2) primarily higher molecular weight diols (a2.1), which have a molecular weight from about 500 to 5000, preferably from about 1000 to Have 3000 g / mol.
- the diols (a2.1) are, in particular, polyester polyols which are known, for example, from Ullmanns Encyklopadie der Technische Chemie, 4th edition, volume 19, pages 62 to 65. Polyester polyols are preferably used, which are obtained by reacting dihydric alcohols with dihydric carboxylic acids. Instead of the free polycarboxylic acids, the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or their mixtures can also be used to prepare the polyester polyols.
- the polycarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic and optionally substituted, for example by halogen atoms, and / or unsaturated. Examples of these are suberic acid, azelaic acid, phthalic acid anhydride, phthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic, glutaric anhydride, alkenylsuccinic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, dimer fatty acids.
- Dicarboxylic acids of the general formula HOOC- (CH 2 ) y -COOH are preferred, where y is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20, for example succinic acid, adipic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid and sebacic acid.
- polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, butane-1,3-diol, butene-1,4-diol, butyne-1,4-diol, pentane-1 , 5-diol, neopentyl glycol, bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexanes such as 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, 2-methyl-propane-1,3-diol, methylpentanediols, furthermore diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol , Polypropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol and polybutylene glycols.
- Alcohols of the general formula HO- (CH 2 ) x -OH are preferred, where x is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20.
- Examples include ethylene glycol, butane-1,4-diol, hexane-1,6-diol, octane-1,8-diol and dodecane-1,12-diol. Neopentyl glycol and 1,5-pentanediol are further preferred.
- polycarbonate diols such as those e.g. by Implementation of phosgene with an excess of the structural components for the low molecular weight polyester polyols Alcohols can be obtained.
- Lactone-based polyester diols are also suitable, these being homopolymers or copolymers of lactones, preferably addition products of lactones with terminal hydroxyl groups onto suitable difunctional starter molecules.
- Suitable lactones are preferably those which are derived from compounds of the general formula HO- (CH 2 ) z -COOH, where z is a number from 1 to 20 and an H atom of a methylene unit also by a C 1 - bis C 4 alkyl radical may be substituted. Examples are epsilon-caprolactone, ⁇ -propiolactone, gamma-butyrolactone and / or methyl-epsilon-caprolactone and mixtures thereof.
- the monomers (a2.1) are polyether diols. They are in particular by polymerization of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin with themselves, for example in the presence of BF 3 or by addition of these compounds, if appropriate in a mixture or in succession, to starting components with reactive hydrogen atoms, such as alcohols or amines, for example Water, ethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, 1,2-bis (4-hydroxydiphenyl) propane or aniline are available. Polytetrahydrofuran with a molecular weight of 240 to 5000, and especially 500 to 4500, is particularly preferred.
- the polyols can also be used as mixtures in a ratio of 0.1: 1 to 1: 9 can be used.
- the hardness and elastic modulus of the polyurethanes can be increase if as diols (a2) in addition to the diols (a2.1) are still low molecular weight Diols (a2.2) with a molecular weight of about 62 up to 500, preferably from 62 to 200 g / mol, are used.
- the structural components of the. are used as monomers (a2.2) for the production of polyester polyols called short-chain Alkanediols used, the unbranched diols having 2 to 12 C atoms and an even number of C atoms as well Pentane-1,5-diol are preferred.
- the proportion of the diols is preferably (a2.1), based on the Total amount of diols (a2) 10 to 100 mol% and the proportion of Monomers (a2.2), based on the total amount of diols (a2) 0 to 90 mol%.
- the ratio is particularly preferably Diols (a2.1) to the monomers (a2.2) 0.1: 1 to 5: 1, especially preferably 0.2: 1 to 2: 1.
- the polyurethanes in addition to components (a1), (a2) and (a4) from monomers different from components (a1), (a2) and (a4) (a3), the at least one isocyanate group or at least a group reactive toward isocyanate groups and beyond at least one hydrophilic group or a group that is can be converted into a hydrophilic group, wear, built.
- hydrophilic groups or potentially hydrophilic groups “with” (potentially) hydrophilic groups " abbreviated.
- the (potentially) hydrophilic groups react with Isocyanates much slower than the functional groups of the monomers that are used to build the main polymer chain.
- the proportion of components with (potentially) hydrophilic groups on the total amount of components (a1), (a2), (a3) and (a4) generally such that the molar amount of (potentially) hydrophilic groups, based on the amount by weight of all monomers (a1) to (a4), 30 to 1000, preferably 50 to 500 and particularly is preferably 80 to 300 mmol / kg.
- the (potentially) hydrophilic groups can be non-ionic or preferably around (potentially) ionic hydrophilic Trade groups.
- the nonionic hydrophilic groups are polyalkylene oxide residues, in particular polyethylene glycol ether from preferably 5 to 100, preferably 10 to 80 repeating ethylene oxide units, in Consideration.
- the content of polyethylene oxide units is general 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 6 wt .-%, based on the Weight amount of all monomers (a1) to (a4).
- Preferred monomers with nonionic hydrophilic groups are Polyethylene oxide diols, polyethylene oxide monools and the reaction products from a polyethylene glycol and a diisocyanate, the carry a terminally etherified polyethylene glycol residue.
- diisocyanates and processes for their preparation are in the patents US 3 905 929 and US 3 920 598.
- Ionic hydrophilic groups are mainly anionic groups such as the sulfonate, carboxylate and phosphate groups in the form of their Alkali metal or ammonium salts as well as cationic groups such as ammonium groups, especially protonated tertiary amino groups or quaternary ammonium groups.
- Potentially ionic hydrophilic groups are primarily those that through simple neutralization, hydrolysis or quaternization reactions into the above ionic hydrophilic Have groups transferred, e.g. Carboxylic acid groups, Anhydride groups or tertiary amino groups.
- cationic monomers (a3) Monomers with tertiary amino groups of particularly practical Meaning, for example: tris (hydroxyalkyl) amines, N, N'-bis (hydroxyalkyl) alkylamines, N-hydroxyalkyl dialkylamines, Tris (aminoalkyl) amines, N, N'-bis (aminoalkyl) alkylamines, N-aminoalkyl dialkylamines, where the alkyl radicals and alkanediyl units these tertiary amines independently of one another from 1 to 6 Carbon atoms exist.
- tertiary amines are converted into the ammonium salts either with acids, preferably strong mineral acids such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrohalic acids or strong organic acids, or by reaction with suitable quaternizing agents such as C 1 -C 6 -alkyl halides or benzyl halides, for example bromides or chlorides.
- acids preferably strong mineral acids such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrohalic acids or strong organic acids
- suitable quaternizing agents such as C 1 -C 6 -alkyl halides or benzyl halides, for example bromides or chlorides.
- Suitable monomers with (potentially) anionic groups are usually aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acids and sulfonic acids which carry at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group or at least one primary or secondary amino group.
- Dihydroxyalkylcarboxylic acids are preferred, especially those with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, as are also described in US Pat. No. 3,412,054.
- compounds of the general formula in which R 1 and R 2 are a C 1 to C 4 alkanediyl unit and R 3 is a C 1 to C 4 alkyl unit and especially dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) is preferred.
- DMPA dimethylolpropionic acid
- Dihydroxysulfonic acids and Dihydroxyphosphonic acids such as 2,3-dihydroxypropanephosphonic acid.
- dihydroxyl compounds with a molecular weight are suitable over 500 to 10,000 g / mol with at least 2 carboxylate groups, which are known from DE-A 3 911 827.
- aminocarboxylic acids such as lysine, ⁇ -alanine, which in the DE-A-2034479 adducts of aliphatic diprimaries Diamines on ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic or sulfonic acids in Consideration.
- Particularly preferred compounds of the formula (a3.1) are N- (2-aminoethyl) -2-aminoethane carboxylic acid and the as well as the N- (2-aminoethyl) -2-aminoethanesulfonic acid or the corresponding Alkali salts, Na being particularly preferred as the counter ion.
- the adducts of the abovementioned are also particularly preferred aliphatic diprimary diamines on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, such as in which D 1 954 090 are described.
- monomers with potentially ionic groups can be converted into the ionic form before, during, but preferably after the isocyanate polyaddition, because the ionic monomers in the reaction mixture often only difficult to solve.
- the monomers (a4) which are from the monomers (a1) to (a3) are generally used for networking or Chain extension. They are generally more than two-valued non-phenolic alcohols, amines with 2 or more primary and / or secondary amino groups and compounds which in addition to a or more alcoholic hydroxyl groups one or more wear primary and / or secondary amino groups.
- Polyamines with 2 or more primary and / or secondary amino groups are mainly used when the chain extension or crosslinking should take place in the presence of water, since Amines are generally faster than using alcohols or water Isocyanates react. This is often necessary when aqueous dispersions of cross-linked polyurethanes or polyurethanes with a high molecular weight. In such cases the procedure is such that prepolymers with isocyanate groups manufactures, quickly dispersed in water and then by adding compounds with more than isocyanates reactive amino groups chain-extended or cross-linked.
- Suitable amines are generally polyfunctional amines of the molecular weight range from 32 to 500 g / mol, preferably from 60 to 300 g / mol, which at least amino groups, selected from the group of primary and secondary amino groups.
- Examples include diamines such as diaminoethane, diaminopropanes, Diaminobutanes, diaminohexanes, piperazine, 2,5-dimethylpiperazine, Amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane (isophoronediamine, IPDA), 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, Aminoethylethanolamine, hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate or triamines such as Diethylenetriamine or 1,8-diamino-4-aminomethyloctane.
- diamines such as diaminoethane, di
- the amines can also be in blocked form, e.g. in the form of corresponding ketimines (see e.g. CA-1 129 128), ketazines (cf. e.g. US-A 4 269 748) or amine salts (see US-A 4 292 226) be used.
- Mixtures of di- and triamines are preferably used, especially preferably mixtures of isophoronediamine and diethylenetriamine.
- the polyurethanes preferably contain no polyamine or 1 to 20, particularly preferably 4 to 15 mol%, based on the total amount of components (a2) and (a4) of a polyamine with at least 2 amino groups reactive towards isocyanates as monomers (a4).
- Alcohols with a higher valence than 2, for adjustment serve a certain degree of branching or networking can be e.g. Trimethylolpropane, glycerin or sugar.
- monomers (a4) can also be higher than divalent isocyanates are used.
- Commercial Compounds are, for example, isocyanurate or biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- Monomers (a5) which may also be used are monoisocyanates, Monoalcohols and mono-primary and secondary amines. in the in general, their proportion is at most 10 mol%, based on the total molar amount of monomers.
- These monofunctional Compounds usually carry further functional groups such as olefinic groups or carbonyl groups and are used for introduction of functional groups in the polyurethane that the Dispersion or crosslinking or other polymer-analog Enable implementation of the polyurethane.
- TMI isopropenyl-a
- TMI a-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate
- esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid such as hydroxyethyl acrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
- the ratio A: B is very particularly preferably as close as possible to 1: 1.
- monomers with only one reactive group are generally used in amounts of up to 15 mol%, preferably up to 8 mol%, based on the total amount of components ( a1), (a2), (a3) and (a4) are used.
- the monomers (a1) to (a4) used bear on average usually 1.5 to 2.5, preferably 1.9 to 2.1, particularly preferably 2.0 isocyanate groups or functional groups with Isocyanates can react in an addition reaction.
- the polyaddition of components (a1) to (a4) is generally carried out according to the known methods, preferably the so-called “Acetone process” or the prepolymer blend process ", the are described for example in DE-A-4418157 becomes.
- the general procedure is to start with one inert organic solvents, a prepolymer or the polyurethane (a) and then the prepolymer or Polyurethane (a) dispersed in water.
- the prepolymer the conversion to polyurethane (a) takes place by reaction with the Water or by adding an amine (component a4).
- the solvent is used after dispersion All or part of the distillation removed.
- the dispersions generally have a solids content of 10 to 75, preferably 20 to 65% by weight and a viscosity of 10 to 500 m Pas (measured at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a shear rate of 250 s -1 ).
- Hydrophobic aids that can be difficult to homogenize to be distributed in the finished dispersion, for example Phenol condensation resins made from aldehydes and phenol or phenol derivatives or epoxy resins and others e.g. in DE-A-3903538, 43 09 079 and 40 24 567 polymers mentioned in the polyurethane dispersions serve, for example, as a liability improver, can be described in the three fonts mentioned above Methods already before the polyurethane or the prepolymer be added to the dispersion.
- the polyurethane dispersions can, based on their solids content up to 40, preferably up to 20% by weight of other polymers (B) contained in dispersed form. Such polyurethane dispersions are generally mixed with Dispersions containing the polymers (B) are produced. Prefers however, the polyurethane dispersions are free of effective amounts other polymers.
- (Meth) acrylic is a shortening for methacrylic or acrylic.
- Examples of monomers (b1) include (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters with a C 1 -C 10 alkyl radical, such as methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and acrylic or methacrylic acid.
- mixtures of the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters suitable.
- Vinyl esters of carboxylic acids with 1 to 20 C atoms are e.g. Vinyl laurate, stearate, vinyl propionate and vinyl acetate.
- vinyl aromatic compounds come vinyl toluene, alpha and p-methylstyrene, alpha-butylstyrene, 4-n-butylstyrene, 4-n-decylstyrene and preferably styrene.
- nitriles are acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
- the vinyl halides are substituted with chlorine, fluorine or bromine ethylenically unsaturated compounds, preferably vinyl chloride and Vinylidene chloride.
- non-aromatic hydrocarbons with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and one or two olefinic double bonds are butadiene and isoprene and chloroprene, as well as ethylene, propylene and isobutylene called.
- the main monomers are also preferably mixed used.
- Vinylaromatic compounds such as styrene are frequently used, for example, in a mixture with C 1 -C 20 -alkyl (meth) acrylates, in particular with C 1 -C 8 -alkyl (meth) acrylates, or non-aromatic hydrocarbons such as isoprene or preferably butadiene.
- Possible monomers (b3) are: esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid of alcohols with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which in addition to Oxygen atom in the alcohol group at least one more Contain heteroatom and / or an aliphatic or aromatic Contain ring, such as 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, 2-butoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, Dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, (Meth) acrylic acid aryl, alkaryl or Cycloalkyl esters, such as cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, phenylethyl (meth) acrylate, Phenylpropyl (meth) acrylate or acrylic acid ester of heterocyclic alcohols such as furfuryl (meth) acrylate called.
- esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid of alcohols with 1 to 20 carbon atoms which in addition to
- hydroxy-functional monomers for example (meth) acrylic acid-C 1 -C 15 -alkyl esters, which are substituted by one or two hydroxyl groups.
- hydroxy-functional comonomers are (meth) acrylic acid-C 2 -C 8 -hydroxyalkyl esters, such as n-hydroxyethyl, n-hydroxypropyl or n-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate.
- monomers with carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride groups e.g. Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, Itaconic acid, maleic anhydride; these monomers are preferably in amounts of 0 to 10, particularly preferred from 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the copolymer, used.
- the copolymer is produced by free radicals Polymerization. Suitable polymerization methods, such as substance, Solution, suspension or emulsion polymerization are that Known specialist.
- the copolymer is preferably obtained by solution polymerization with subsequent dispersion in water or particularly preferred made by emulsion polymerization.
- the comonomers can be used as usual in emulsion polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble initiator and one Emulsifier can be polymerized at preferably 30 to 95 ° C.
- Suitable initiators are e.g. Sodium, potassium and ammonium persulfate, Peroxides such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide, water soluble Azo compounds or redox initiators.
- E.g. serve as emulsifiers Alkali salts of longer-chain fatty acids, Alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkylated aryl sulfonates or alkylated biphenyl ether sulfonates. Furthermore come as Emulsifiers Reaction products of alkylene oxides, in particular Ethylene or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols or acids or Phenol or alkylphenols into consideration.
- aqueous secondary dispersions the copolymer first by solution polymerization in an organic Solvent and then with the addition of salt formers, e.g. from ammonia to carboxylic acid groups Copolymers in water without the use of an emulsifier or Dispersing aid dispersed.
- the organic solvent can be distilled off.
- aqueous secondary dispersions is known to the person skilled in the art and e.g. in DE-A-37 20 860.
- Suitable are e.g. -SH groups containing compounds such as mercaptoethanol, mercaptopropanol, Thiophenol, thioglycerol, thioglycolic acid ethyl ester, thioglycolic acid methyl ester and tert-dodecyl mercaptan. You can e.g. in Quantities from 0 to 0.5% by weight, based on the copolymer, be used.
- the type and amount of the comonomers is preferably chosen so that that the copolymer obtained has a glass transition temperature between -60 to + 140 ° C, preferably -60 to + 100 ° C.
- the Glass transition temperature of the copolymer is determined by Differential thermal analysis or differential scanning calorimetry determined according to ASTM 3418/82.
- the number average molecular weight M n is preferably 10 3 to 5 ⁇ 10 6 , particularly preferably 10 5 to 2 ⁇ 10 6 g / mol (determined by gel permeation chromatography with polystyrene as standard).
- the polyurethane dispersions can be commercially available auxiliaries and Additives such as blowing agents, defoamers, emulsifiers, Thickeners and thixotropic agents, colorants such as Dyes and pigments included.
- the polyurethane dispersions contain less than 10, preferably less than 0.5% by weight of organic solvents.
- the impregnates from the textile fabrics and the polyurethane dispersions is generally made by using the Applies polyurethane dispersions by conventional methods.
- Application methods are particularly suitable for spraying, dipping, knife coating, Brushing, padding.
- drying is carried out, preferably at temperatures of 20 to 150 ° C.
- Suitable Bronsted bases preferably have a pK B value of at most 5.
- Bronsted bases are alkali metal hydroxides, -Carbonates and -hydrogen carbonates, ammonia, amines, which if necessary. can also be used in a mixture. Is particularly preferred Caustic soda.
- the aqueous solutions generally contain 1 to 40, preferably 2 to 10% by weight of the Bronsted bases.
- the temperature of the aqueous solutions that are impregnated can act, is usually 0 to 120 ° C, preferred 20 to 100 ° C.
- the exposure time is generally 1 to 300 mm, preferably 1 to 120 min.
- aqueous solutions are expediently left on the impregnates act by spraying them completely wetted or immersed the impregnate in the aqueous solutions.
- poromeric Synthetic leather With increasing exposure time, temperature and concentration of Brönsted base in the aqueous solution becomes the poromeric Synthetic leather has a softer grip and a rougher surface.
- the impregnates have practically no water vapor permeability, measured according to DIN 53333, whereas the poromeric synthetic leather has a water vapor permeability of more than 1, usually from 1 to 10 mg / hcm 2 .
- the Bronsted base for example by making the poromeric synthetic leather washed out with water. After that, the poromeric synthetic leather usually dried.
- poromeric synthetic leather then treated or post-treated analogously to natural leather e.g. by brushing, milling, milling or ironing.
- the poromeric leathers are basically suitable for all applications in which natural leather is used, in particular, they can be used instead of suede.
- Emuldur® DS 2299 (BASF AG) was used as the PU dispersion.
- Emuldur DS 2299 is an aliphatic polyester urethane dispersion with 40% fixed salary.
- the dried nonwovens were subsequently in 5% sodium hydroxide solution treated at 90 ° C with constant, gentle stirring.
- the nonwovens were removed after 15, 30, 45 and 60 min Sodium hydroxide solution removed, washed out and dried.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
Verfahren zur Herstellung von poromerem Kunstleder, wobei man
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung
von poromeren Kunstledern, bei dem man
Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung diese poromeren Kunstleder selbst.The invention further relates to these poromeric synthetic leather self.
Poromere Kunstleder sollen, was ihr Eigenschaftsspektrum betrifft, dem von hochwertigen natürlichen Lederarten, insbesondere Wildleder, möglichst nahekommen. Dies betrifft vor allem Eigenschaften wie eine gute Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit, eine hohe Reißfestigkeit sowie angenehme haptische Eigenschaften.In terms of their range of properties, poromeric synthetic leather should that of high quality natural types of leather, in particular Suede, come as close as possible. This mainly affects properties like a good water vapor permeability, a high one Tear resistance and pleasant haptic properties.
Die Herstellung von poromerem Kunstleder ist allgemein bekannt (vgl. Kunststoffhandbuch, Carl Hanser Verlag, München , Wien, Bd. 7: Polyurethane, 3. Auflage 1993, Kapitel 10.2.1.4). Den vorbekannten Verfahren ist gemein, daß die Kunstleder aus Lösungen oder Dispersionen von Polyurethanen hergestellt werden, die organische Lösungsmittel enthalten. Beispielsweise wird beim sog. Koagulationsverfahren ein textiles Flächengebilde mit einer organischen Lösung eines Polyurethans, ggfls. im Gemisch mit einer Polyurethandispersion und ggfls. einem Polyelektrolyt imprägniert und das so vorbehandelte Flächengebilde nacheinander durch mehrere Bäder mit Mischungen aus Dimethylformamid und Wasser mit abnehmender Dimethylformamid-Konzentration geführt.The production of poromeric synthetic leather is generally known (cf. plastic handbook, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, Vienna, vol. 7: Polyurethane, 3rd edition 1993, chapter 10.2.1.4). The previously known Procedure is common that the synthetic leather from solutions or dispersions of polyurethanes that are contain organic solvents. For example, the so-called Coagulation process a textile fabric with a organic solution of a polyurethane, if necessary. mixed with a polyurethane dispersion and if necessary. a polyelectrolyte impregnated and the fabric thus pretreated one after the other through several baths with mixtures of dimethylformamide and Water with decreasing dimethylformamide concentration led.
Eine Variante dieses Verfahrens, die zu textilen Artikeln mit besonders angenehmem, lederartigem Griff führt, ist in der JP 09/18 89 75 beschrieben. Hier wird ein Polyester-Vlies mit einer Lösung eines thermoplastischen Polyurethans in DMF/Toluol imprägniert und anschließend mit wäßriger Natronlauge behandelt. Man erhält ein Kunstleder mit der Flexibilität natürlichen Leders. A variant of this process, which leads to textile articles leads particularly pleasant, leather-like handle, is in JP 09/18 89 75. Here is a polyester fleece with a Solution of a thermoplastic polyurethane in DMF / toluene impregnated and then treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. You get a synthetic leather with the flexibility of natural Leather.
Nachteilig an diesen Verfahren ist, daß große Mengen Abluft oder Abwasser, die organische Lösungsmittel enthalten und umständlich aufbereitet werden müssen, anfallen.A disadvantage of this process is that large amounts of exhaust air or Wastewater that contain organic solvents and cumbersome have to be processed.
Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, poromere Kunstleder bereitzustellen, welche sich bezüglich ihrer Gebrauchseigenschaften möglichst wenig von natürlichen Lederarten unterscheiden und mit geringerem technischen Aufwand als vorbekannte poromere Kunstleder herstellbar sind.The object was therefore to provide poromeric synthetic leather, which differ as far as possible with regard to their usage properties differ little from natural types of leather and with less technical effort as known poromeric synthetic leather are producible.
Demgemäß wurden die eingangs beschriebenen poromeren Kunstleder sowie die Verfahren zu deren Herstellung gefunden.Accordingly, the poromeric synthetic leather described above as well as the processes for their production.
Zur Herstellung der poromeren Kunstleder werden textile Flächengebilde eingesetzt, bei denen es sich um gewobene oder nicht gewobene Textilien mit einem Flächengewicht von 100 bis 1000 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt 250 bis 500 g/m2 handelt.To produce the poromeric synthetic leather, textile fabrics are used, which are woven or non-woven textiles with a weight per unit area of 100 to 1000 g / m2, particularly preferably 250 to 500 g / m 2 .
Als Materialien, aus denen die textilen Flächengebilde hergestellt werden, eignen sich besonders die üblichen zu Fasern ausziehbaren Polymere, also beispielsweise Polyamide, Polyurethane, Polypropylen, Polyethylen, Polyacrylnitril und besonders bevorzugt Polyester. Auch Naturfasern wie z.B. Wolle, Baumwolle, Viskose oder Seide sind verwendbar.As materials from which the textile fabrics are produced, the usual fibers are particularly suitable extendable polymers, for example polyamides, polyurethanes, Polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile and especially preferably polyester. Natural fibers such as Wool, cotton, Viscose or silk can be used.
Bei den Polyestern handelt es sich bevorzugt um Poly(ethylenterephthalat), Poly(tetramehylenterephthalat) oder Poly(-1,4-dimethylencyclohexanterephthalat).The polyesters are preferably poly (ethylene terephthalate), Poly (tetramethylene terephthalate) or poly (-1,4-dimethylenecyclohexane terephthalate).
Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Polyestervliesstoffe, die vernadelt sein können.Polyester nonwovens that are needled are very particularly preferred could be.
Deartige Fasern sind allgemein bekann und beispeilsweise in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, D-6940 Weinheim, fith edition, Volume A 10, Kapitel Fibers, 4 beschrieben.Such fibers are well known and for example in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, VCH publishing company mbH, D-6940 Weinheim, fith edition, Volume A 10, Chapter Fibers, 4.
Als Imprägniermittel zur Herstellung der Imprägnate dienen Polyurethandispersionen. Geeignete Polyurethandispersionen sind allgemein bekannt und beispielsweise in Kunststoffhandbuch, Carl Hanser Verlag, München , Wien, Bd. 7: Polyurethane, 3. Auflage 1993, Kapitel 2.3.3 beschrieben. Neben Polyurethandispersionen, die Polyurethane enthalten, die mit Hilfe von Emulgatoren oder Schutzkolloiden dispergiert sind, eignen sich insbesondere sog. selbstdispergierbare Polyurethane, wobei die Selbstdispergierbarkeit durch den Einbau jonisch- oder nichtionisch-hydrophiler Gruppen erreicht wird. Letztere sind vorzugsweise aufgebaut aus
- a1)
- Diisocyanaten mit 4 bis 30 C-Atomen,
- a2)
- Diolen, von denen
- a2.1)
- 10 bis 100 mol-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Diole
- (a2),
- ein Molekulargewicht von 500 bis 5000 aufweisen, und
- a2.2)
- 0 bis 90 mol-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Diole
- (a2),
- ein Molekulargewicht von 60 bis 500 g/mol aufweisen,
- a3)
- von den Monomeren (a1) und (a2) verschiedene Monomere mit wenigstens einer Isocyanatgruppe oder wenigstens einer gegenüber Isocyanatgruppen reaktiven Gruppe, die darüberhinaus wenigstens eine hydrophile Gruppe oder eine potentiell hydrophile Gruppe tragen, wodurch die Wasserdispergierbarkeit der Polyurethane bewirkt wird,
- a4)
- gegebenenfalls weiteren von den Monomeren (a1) bis (a3) verschiedenen mehrwertigen Verbindungen mit reaktiven Gruppen, bei denen es sich um alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen, primäre oder sekundäre Aminogruppen oder Isocyanatgruppen und
- a5)
- gegebenenfalls von den Monomeren (a1) bis (a4) verschiedenen einwertigen Verbindungen mit einer reaktiven Gruppe, bei der es sich um eine alkoholische Hydroxylgruppe, eine primäre oder sekundäre Aminogruppe oder eine Isocyanatgruppe handelt.
- a1)
- Diisocyanates with 4 to 30 carbon atoms,
- a2)
- Diols, of which
- a2.1)
- 10 to 100 mol%, based on the total amount of the diols
- (a2),
- have a molecular weight of 500 to 5000, and
- a2.2)
- 0 to 90 mol%, based on the total amount of the diols
- (a2),
- have a molecular weight of 60 to 500 g / mol,
- a3)
- monomers different from the monomers (a1) and (a2) with at least one isocyanate group or at least one group which is reactive towards isocyanate groups and which, moreover, carry at least one hydrophilic group or a potentially hydrophilic group, thereby causing the water-dispersibility of the polyurethanes,
- a4)
- optionally further polyvalent compounds with reactive groups which differ from the monomers (a1) to (a3) and which are alcoholic hydroxyl groups, primary or secondary amino groups or isocyanate groups and
- a5)
- optionally monohydric compounds different from the monomers (a1) to (a4) having a reactive group which is an alcoholic hydroxyl group, a primary or secondary amino group or an isocyanate group.
Als Monomere (a1) kommen die üblicherweise in der Polyurethanchemie eingesetzten Diisocyanate in Betracht.The monomers (a1) which are usually used in polyurethane chemistry diisocyanates used into consideration.
Insbesondere zu nennen sind Diisocyanate X(NCO)2, wobei X für einen aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 4 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, einen cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 6 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatomen oder einen araliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 7 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatomen steht. Beispiele derartiger Diisocyanate sind Tetramethylendiisocyanat, Hexamethylendiisocyanat, Dodecanethylendiisocyanat, 1,4-Diisocyanatocyclohexan, 1-Isocyanato-3,5,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexan (IPDI), 2,2-Bis-(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)-propan, Trimethylhexandiisocyanat, 1,4-Diisocyanatobenzol, 2,4-Diisocyanatotoluol, 2,6-Diisocyanatotoluol, 4,4'-Diisocyanato-diphenylmethan, 2,4'-Diisocyanato-diphenylmethan, p-Xylylendiisocyanat, Tetramethylxylylendiisocyanat (TMXDI), die Isomeren des Bis-(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methans (HMDI) sowie aus diesen Verbindungen bestehende Gemische.Particular mention should be made of diisocyanates X (NCO) 2 , where X represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 15 carbon atoms or an araliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 7 to 15 carbon atoms. Examples of such diisocyanates are tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecanethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-3,5,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (IPDI), 2,2-bis (4-isocyanatocyclohexyl) propane, trimethylhexane diisocyanate , 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene, 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene, 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, 4,4'-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane, 2,4'-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane, p-xylylene diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), the isomers of the bis - (4-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane (HMDI) and mixtures consisting of these compounds.
Als Gemische dieser Isocyanate sind besonders die Mischungen der jeweiligen Strukturisomeren von Diisocyanatotoluol und Diisocyanato-diphenylmethan von Bedeutung, insbesondere ist die Mischung aus 80 mol-% 2,4 Diisocyanatotoluol und 20 mol-% 2,6-Diisocyanatotoluol geeignet. Weiterhin sind die Mischungen von aromatischen Isocyanaten wie 2,4 Diisocyanatotoluol und/oder 2,6-Diisocyanatotoluol mit aliphatischen oder cycloaliphatischen Isocyanaten wie Hexamethylendiisocyanat oder IPDI besonders vorteilhaft, wobei das bevorzugte Mischungsverhältnis der aliphatischen zu aromatischen Isocyanate 4 : 1 bis 1 : 4 beträgt.Mixtures of these are, in particular, mixtures of these isocyanates respective structural isomers of diisocyanatotoluene and diisocyanato-diphenylmethane important, especially the mixture from 80 mol% 2,4 diisocyanatotoluene and 20 mol% 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene suitable. Furthermore, the mixtures of aromatic isocyanates such as 2,4 diisocyanatotoluene and / or 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene with aliphatic or cycloaliphatic Isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate or IPDI in particular advantageous, the preferred mixing ratio of the aliphatic to aromatic isocyanates is 4: 1 to 1: 4.
Im Hinblick auf gute Filmbildung und Elastizität kommen als Diole (a2) vornehmlich höhermolekulare Diole (a2.1), die ein Molekulargewicht von etwa 500 bis 5000, vorzugsweise von etwa 1000 bis 3000 g/mol haben.With regard to good film formation and elasticity come as diols (a2) primarily higher molecular weight diols (a2.1), which have a molecular weight from about 500 to 5000, preferably from about 1000 to Have 3000 g / mol.
Bei den Diolen (a2.1) handelt es sich insbesondere um Polyesterpolyole, die z.B. aus Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4. Auflage, Band 19, S. 62 bis 65 bekannt sind. Bevorzugt werden Polyesterpolyole eingesetzt, die durch Umsetzung von zweiwertigen Alkoholen mit zweiwertigen Carbonsäuren erhalten werden. Anstelle der freien Polycarbonsäuren können auch die entsprechenden Polycarbonsäureanhydride oder entsprechende Polycarbonsäureester von niederen Alkoholen oder deren Gemische zur Herstellung der Polyesterpolyole verwendet werden. Die Polycarbonsäuren können aliphatisch, cycloaliphatisch, araliphatisch, aromatisch oder heterocyclisch sein und gegebenenfalls, z.B. durch Halogenatome, substituiert und/oder ungesättigt sein. Als Beispiele hierfür seien genannt: Korksäure, Azelainsäure, Phthalsäure, Isophthalsäure, Phthalsäureanhydrid, Tetrahydrophthalsäureanhydrid, Hexahydrophthalsäureanhydrid, Tetrachlorphthalsäureanhydrid, Endomethylentetrahydrophthalsäureanhydrid, Glutarsäureanhydrid, Alkenylbernsteinsäure, Maleinsäure, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Fumarsäure, dimere Fettsäuren. Bevorzugt sind Dicarbonsäuren der allgemeinen Formel HOOC- (CH2)y-COOH, wobei y eine Zahl von 1 bis 20, bevorzugt eine gerade zahl von 2 bis 20 ist, z.B. Bernsteinsäure, Adipinsäure, Dodecandicarbonsäure und Sebacinsäure. The diols (a2.1) are, in particular, polyester polyols which are known, for example, from Ullmanns Encyklopadie der Technische Chemie, 4th edition, volume 19, pages 62 to 65. Polyester polyols are preferably used, which are obtained by reacting dihydric alcohols with dihydric carboxylic acids. Instead of the free polycarboxylic acids, the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or their mixtures can also be used to prepare the polyester polyols. The polycarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic and optionally substituted, for example by halogen atoms, and / or unsaturated. Examples of these are suberic acid, azelaic acid, phthalic acid anhydride, phthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic, glutaric anhydride, alkenylsuccinic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, dimer fatty acids. Dicarboxylic acids of the general formula HOOC- (CH 2 ) y -COOH are preferred, where y is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20, for example succinic acid, adipic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid and sebacic acid.
Als mehrwertige Alkohole kommen z.B. Ethylenglykol, Propan-1,2-diol, Propan-1,3-diol, Butan-1,3-diol, Buten-1,4-diol, Butin-1,4-diol, Pentan-1,5-diol, Neopentylglykol, Bis-(hydroxymethyl)-cyclohexane wie 1,4-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexan, 2-Methyl-propan-1,3-diol, Methylpentandiole, ferner Diethylenglykol, Triethylenglykol, Tetraethylenglykol, Polyethylenglykol, Dipropylenglykol, Polypropylenglykol, Dibutylenglykol und Polybutylenglykole in Betracht. Bevorzugt sind Alkohole der allgemeinen Formel HO-(CH2)x-OH, wobei x eine Zahl von 1 bis 20, bevorzugt eine gerade Zahl von 2 bis 20 ist. Beispiele hierfür sind Ethylenglycol, Butan-1,4-diol, Hexan-1,6-diol, Octan-1,8-diol und Dodecan-1,12- diol. Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Neopentylglykol und Pentandiol-1,5.Examples of polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, butane-1,3-diol, butene-1,4-diol, butyne-1,4-diol, pentane-1 , 5-diol, neopentyl glycol, bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexanes such as 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, 2-methyl-propane-1,3-diol, methylpentanediols, furthermore diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol , Polypropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol and polybutylene glycols. Alcohols of the general formula HO- (CH 2 ) x -OH are preferred, where x is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20. Examples include ethylene glycol, butane-1,4-diol, hexane-1,6-diol, octane-1,8-diol and dodecane-1,12-diol. Neopentyl glycol and 1,5-pentanediol are further preferred.
Ferner kommen auch Polycarbonat-Diole, wie sie z.B. durch Umsetzung von Phosgen mit einem Überschuß von den als Aufbaukomponenten für die Polyesterpolyole genannten niedermolekularen Alkohole erhalten werden können, in Betracht.In addition, there are also polycarbonate diols, such as those e.g. by Implementation of phosgene with an excess of the structural components for the low molecular weight polyester polyols Alcohols can be obtained.
Geeignet sind auch Polyesterdiole auf Lacton-Basis, wobei es sich um Homo- oder Mischpolymerisate von Lactonen, bevorzugt um endständige Hydroxylgruppen aufweisende Anlagerungsprodukte von Lactonen an geeignete difunktionelle Startermoleküle handelt. Als Lactone kommen bevorzugt solche in Betracht, die sich von Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel HO-(CH2)z-COOH, ableiten, wobei z eine Zahl von 1 bis 20 ist und ein H-Atom einer Methyleneinheit auch durch einen C1- bis C4-Alkylrest substituiert sein kann. Beispiele sind epsilon-Caprolacton, β-Propiolacton, gamma-Butyrolacton und/oder Methyl-epsilon-caprolacton sowie deren Gemische.Lactone-based polyester diols are also suitable, these being homopolymers or copolymers of lactones, preferably addition products of lactones with terminal hydroxyl groups onto suitable difunctional starter molecules. Suitable lactones are preferably those which are derived from compounds of the general formula HO- (CH 2 ) z -COOH, where z is a number from 1 to 20 and an H atom of a methylene unit also by a C 1 - bis C 4 alkyl radical may be substituted. Examples are epsilon-caprolactone, β-propiolactone, gamma-butyrolactone and / or methyl-epsilon-caprolactone and mixtures thereof.
Daneben kommen als Monomere (a2.1) Polyetherdiole in Betracht. Sie sind insbesondere durch Polymerisation von Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid, Butylenoxid, Tetrahydrofuran, Styroloxid oder Epichlorhydrin mit sich selbst, z.B. in Gegenwart von BF3 oder durch Anlagerung dieser Verbindungen gegebenenfalls im Gemisch oder nacheinander, an Startkomponenten mit reaktionsfähigen Wasserstoffatomen, wie Alkohole oder Amine, z.B. Wasser, Ethylenglykol, Propan-1,2-diol, Propan-1,3-diol, 1,2-Bis(4-hydroxydiphenyl)-propan oder Anilin erhältlich. Besonders bevorzugt ist Polytetrahydrofuran eines Molekulargewichts von 240 bis 5000, und vor allem 500 bis 4500.In addition, the monomers (a2.1) are polyether diols. They are in particular by polymerization of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin with themselves, for example in the presence of BF 3 or by addition of these compounds, if appropriate in a mixture or in succession, to starting components with reactive hydrogen atoms, such as alcohols or amines, for example Water, ethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, 1,2-bis (4-hydroxydiphenyl) propane or aniline are available. Polytetrahydrofuran with a molecular weight of 240 to 5000, and especially 500 to 4500, is particularly preferred.
Die Polyole können auch als Gemische im Verhältnis 0,1 : 1 bis 1:9 eingesetzt werden. The polyols can also be used as mixtures in a ratio of 0.1: 1 to 1: 9 can be used.
Die Härte und der Elastizitätsmodul der Polyurethane lassen sich erhöhen, wenn als Diole (a2) neben den Diolen (a2.1) noch niedermolekulare Diole (a2.2) mit einem Molekulargewicht von etwa 62 bis 500, vorzugsweise von 62 bis 200 g/mol, eingesetzt werden.The hardness and elastic modulus of the polyurethanes can be increase if as diols (a2) in addition to the diols (a2.1) are still low molecular weight Diols (a2.2) with a molecular weight of about 62 up to 500, preferably from 62 to 200 g / mol, are used.
Als Monomere (a2.2) werden vor allem die Aufbaukomponenten der für die Herstellung von Polyesterpolyolen genannten kurzkettigen Alkandiole eingesetzt, wobei die unverzweigten Diole mit 2 bis 12 C-Atomen und einer gradzahligen Anzahl von C-Atomen sowie Pentan-1,5-diol bevorzugt werden.The structural components of the. Are used as monomers (a2.2) for the production of polyester polyols called short-chain Alkanediols used, the unbranched diols having 2 to 12 C atoms and an even number of C atoms as well Pentane-1,5-diol are preferred.
Bevorzugt beträgt der Anteil der Diole (a2.1), bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Diole (a2) 10 bis 100 mol-% und der Anteil der Monomere (a2.2), bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Diole (a2) 0 bis 90 mol-%. Besonders bevorzugt beträgt das Verhältnis der Diole (a2.1) zu den Monomeren (a2.2) 0,1 : 1 bis 5:1, besonders bevorzugt 0,2 : 1 bis 2 : 1.The proportion of the diols is preferably (a2.1), based on the Total amount of diols (a2) 10 to 100 mol% and the proportion of Monomers (a2.2), based on the total amount of diols (a2) 0 to 90 mol%. The ratio is particularly preferably Diols (a2.1) to the monomers (a2.2) 0.1: 1 to 5: 1, especially preferably 0.2: 1 to 2: 1.
Um die Wasserdispergierbarkeit der Polyurethane zu erreichen, sind die Polyurethane neben den Komponenten (a1), (a2) und (a4) aus von den Komponenten (a1), (a2) und (a4) verschiedenen Monomeren (a3), die wenigstens eine Isocyanatgruppe oder wenigstens eine gegenüber Isocyanatgruppen reaktiven Gruppe und darüberhinaus wenigstens eine hydrophile Gruppe oder eine Gruppe, die sich in eine hydrophile Gruppe überführen läßt, tragen, aufgebaut. Im folgenden Text wird der Begriff "hydrophile Gruppen oder potentiell hydrophile Gruppen" mit "(potentiell) hydrophile Gruppen" abgekürzt. Die (potentiell) hydrophilen Gruppen reagieren mit Isocyanaten wesentlich langsamer, als die funktionellen Gruppen der Monomere, die zum Aufbau der Polymerhauptkette dienen.In order to achieve the water dispersibility of the polyurethanes, are the polyurethanes in addition to components (a1), (a2) and (a4) from monomers different from components (a1), (a2) and (a4) (a3), the at least one isocyanate group or at least a group reactive toward isocyanate groups and beyond at least one hydrophilic group or a group that is can be converted into a hydrophilic group, wear, built. in the Following text is the term "hydrophilic groups or potentially hydrophilic groups "with" (potentially) hydrophilic groups " abbreviated. The (potentially) hydrophilic groups react with Isocyanates much slower than the functional groups of the monomers that are used to build the main polymer chain.
Der Anteil der Komponenten mit (potentiell) hydrophilen Gruppen an der Gesamtmenge der Komponenten (a1), (a2), (a3) und (a4) wird im allgemeinen so bemessen, daß die Molmenge der (potentiell) hydrophilen Gruppen, bezogen auf die Gewichtsmenge aller Monomere (a1) bis (a4), 30 bis 1000, bevorzugt 50 bis 500 und besonders bevorzugt 80 bis 300 mmol/kg beträgt.The proportion of components with (potentially) hydrophilic groups on the total amount of components (a1), (a2), (a3) and (a4) generally such that the molar amount of (potentially) hydrophilic groups, based on the amount by weight of all monomers (a1) to (a4), 30 to 1000, preferably 50 to 500 and particularly is preferably 80 to 300 mmol / kg.
Bei den (potentiell) hydrophilen Gruppen kann es sich um nichtionische oder bevorzugt um (potentiell) ionische hydrophile Gruppen handeln.The (potentially) hydrophilic groups can be non-ionic or preferably around (potentially) ionic hydrophilic Trade groups.
Als nichtionische hydrophile Gruppen kommen Polyalkylenoxid-Reste, insbesondere Polyethylenglycolether aus vorzugsweise 5 bis 100, bevorzugt 10 bis 80 Ethylenoxid-Wiederholungseinheiten, in Betracht. Der Gehalt an Polyethylenoxid-Einheiten beträgt im allgemeinen 0 bis 10, bevorzugt 0 bis 6 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gewichtsmenge aller Monomere (a1) bis (a4).The nonionic hydrophilic groups are polyalkylene oxide residues, in particular polyethylene glycol ether from preferably 5 to 100, preferably 10 to 80 repeating ethylene oxide units, in Consideration. The content of polyethylene oxide units is general 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 6 wt .-%, based on the Weight amount of all monomers (a1) to (a4).
Bevorzugte Monomere mit nichtionischen hydrophilen Gruppen sind Polyethylenoxiddiole, Polyethylenoxidmonoole sowie die Reaktionsprodukte aus einem Polyethylenglykol und einem Diisocyanat, die eine endständig veretherten Polyethylenglykolrest tragen. Derartige Diisocyanate sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sind in den Patentschriften US 3 905 929 und US 3 920 598 angegeben.Preferred monomers with nonionic hydrophilic groups are Polyethylene oxide diols, polyethylene oxide monools and the reaction products from a polyethylene glycol and a diisocyanate, the carry a terminally etherified polyethylene glycol residue. Such diisocyanates and processes for their preparation are in the patents US 3 905 929 and US 3 920 598.
Ionische hydrophile Gruppen sind vor allem anionische Gruppen wie die Sulfonat-, die Carboxylat- und die Phosphatgruppe in Form ihrer Alkalimetall- oder Ammoniumsalze sowie kationische Gruppen wie Ammonium-Gruppen, insbesondere protonierte tertiäre Aminogruppen oder quartäre Ammoniumgruppen.Ionic hydrophilic groups are mainly anionic groups such as the sulfonate, carboxylate and phosphate groups in the form of their Alkali metal or ammonium salts as well as cationic groups such as ammonium groups, especially protonated tertiary amino groups or quaternary ammonium groups.
Potentiell ionische hydrophile Gruppen sind vor allem solche, die sich durch einfache Neutralisations-, Hydrolyse- oder Quaternisierungsreaktionen in die oben genannten ionischen hydrophilen Gruppen überführen lassen, also z.B. Carbonsäuregruppen, Anhydridgruppen oder tertiäre Aminogruppen.Potentially ionic hydrophilic groups are primarily those that through simple neutralization, hydrolysis or quaternization reactions into the above ionic hydrophilic Have groups transferred, e.g. Carboxylic acid groups, Anhydride groups or tertiary amino groups.
(Potentiell) ionische Monomere (a3) sind z.B. in Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4. Auflage, Band 19, S.311-313 und beispielsweise in der DE-A 1 495 745 ausführlich beschrieben.(Potentially) ionic monomers (a3) are e.g. in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 4th Edition, Volume 19, S.311-313 and for example in DE-A 1 495 745 in detail described.
Als (potentiell) kationische Monomere (a3) sind vor allem Monomere mit tertiären Aminogruppen von besonderer praktischer Bedeutung, beispielsweise: Tris-(hydroxyalkyl)-amine, N,N'-Bis(hydroxyalkyl)-alkylamine, N-Hydroxyalkyl-dialkylamine, Tris-(aminoalkyl)-amine, N,N'-Bis(aminoalkyl)-alkylamine, N-Aminoalkyl-dialkylamine, wobei die Alkylreste und Alkandiyl-Einheiten dieser tertiären Amine unabhängig voneinander aus 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen bestehen.Above all, as (potentially) cationic monomers (a3) Monomers with tertiary amino groups of particularly practical Meaning, for example: tris (hydroxyalkyl) amines, N, N'-bis (hydroxyalkyl) alkylamines, N-hydroxyalkyl dialkylamines, Tris (aminoalkyl) amines, N, N'-bis (aminoalkyl) alkylamines, N-aminoalkyl dialkylamines, where the alkyl radicals and alkanediyl units these tertiary amines independently of one another from 1 to 6 Carbon atoms exist.
Diese tertiären Amine werden entweder mit Säuren, bevorzugt starken Mineralsäuren wie Phosphorsäure, Schwefelsäure, Halogenwasserstoffsäuren oder starken organischen Säuren oder durch Umsetzung mit geeigneten Quaternisierungsmitteln wie C1- bis C6-Alkylhalogeniden oder Benzylhalogeniden, z.B. Bromiden oder Chloriden in die Ammoniumsalze überführt.These tertiary amines are converted into the ammonium salts either with acids, preferably strong mineral acids such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrohalic acids or strong organic acids, or by reaction with suitable quaternizing agents such as C 1 -C 6 -alkyl halides or benzyl halides, for example bromides or chlorides.
Als Monomere mit (potentiell) anionischen Gruppen kommen üblicherweise aliphatische, cycloaliphatische, araliphatische oder aromatische Carbonsäuren und Sulfonsäuren in Betracht, die mindestens eine alkoholische Hydroxylgruppe oder mindestens eine primäre oder sekundäre Aminogruppe tragen. Bevorzugt sind Dihydroxyalkylcarbonsäuren, vor allem mit 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, wie sie auch in der US-A 3 412 054 beschrieben sind. Insbesondere sind Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel in welcher R1 und R2 für eine C1- bis C4-Alkandiyl-Einheit und R3 für eine C1- bis C4-Alkyl-Einheit steht und vor allem Dimethylolpropionsäure (DMPA) bevorzugt.Suitable monomers with (potentially) anionic groups are usually aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acids and sulfonic acids which carry at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group or at least one primary or secondary amino group. Dihydroxyalkylcarboxylic acids are preferred, especially those with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, as are also described in US Pat. No. 3,412,054. In particular, compounds of the general formula in which R 1 and R 2 are a C 1 to C 4 alkanediyl unit and R 3 is a C 1 to C 4 alkyl unit and especially dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) is preferred.
Weiterhin eignen sich entsprechende Dihydroxysulfonsäuren und Dihydroxyphosphonsäuren wie 2,3-Dihydroxypropanphosphonsäure.Corresponding dihydroxysulfonic acids and Dihydroxyphosphonic acids such as 2,3-dihydroxypropanephosphonic acid.
Ansonsten geeignet sind Dihydroxylverbindungen mit einem Molekulargewicht über 500 bis 10000 g/mol mit mindestens 2 Carboxylatgruppen, die aus der DE-A 3 911 827 bekannt sind.Otherwise, dihydroxyl compounds with a molecular weight are suitable over 500 to 10,000 g / mol with at least 2 carboxylate groups, which are known from DE-A 3 911 827.
Als Monomere (a3) mit gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Aminogruppen kommen Aminocarbonsäuren wie Lysin, β-Alanin, die in der DE-A-2034479 genannten Addukte von aliphatischen diprimären Diaminen an α,β-ungesättigte Carbon- oder Sulfonsäuren in Betracht.As monomers (a3) with amino groups reactive towards isocyanates come aminocarboxylic acids such as lysine, β-alanine, which in the DE-A-2034479 adducts of aliphatic diprimaries Diamines on α, β-unsaturated carboxylic or sulfonic acids in Consideration.
Solche Verbindungen gehorchen beispielsweise der Formel (a3.1)
- R4 und R5 unabhängig voneinander für eine C1- bis C6-Alkandiyl-Einheit,
bevorzugt Ethylen
und X für COOH oder SO3H stehen.
- R 4 and R 5 independently of one another for a C 1 to C 6 alkanediyl unit, preferably ethylene
and X represents COOH or SO 3 H.
Besonders bevorzugte Verbindungen der Formel (a3.1) sind die N-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-aminoethancarbonsäure und die sowie die N-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-aminoethansulfonsäure bzw. die entsprechenden Alkalisalze, wobei Na als Gegenion besonders bevorzugt ist. Particularly preferred compounds of the formula (a3.1) are N- (2-aminoethyl) -2-aminoethane carboxylic acid and the as well as the N- (2-aminoethyl) -2-aminoethanesulfonic acid or the corresponding Alkali salts, Na being particularly preferred as the counter ion.
Weiterhin besonders bevorzugt sind die Addukte der oben genannten aliphatischen diprimären Diamine an 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropansulfonsäure, wie sie z.B. in der D 1 954 090 beschrieben sind.The adducts of the abovementioned are also particularly preferred aliphatic diprimary diamines on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, such as in which D 1 954 090 are described.
Sofern Monomere mit potentiell ionischen Gruppen eingesetzt werden, kann deren Überführung in die ionische Form vor, während, jedoch vorzugsweise nach der Isocyanat-Polyaddition erfolgen, da sich die ionischen Monomeren in der Reaktionsmischung häufig nur schwer lösen. Besonders bevorzugt liegen die Sulfonat- oder Carboxylatgruppen in Form ihrer Salze mit einem Alkaliion oder einem Ammoniumion als Gegenion vor.If monomers with potentially ionic groups are used can be converted into the ionic form before, during, but preferably after the isocyanate polyaddition, because the ionic monomers in the reaction mixture often only difficult to solve. The sulfonate or Carboxylate groups in the form of their salts with an alkali ion or an ammonium ion as a counter ion.
Die Monomere (a4), die von den Monomeren (a1) bis (a3) verschieden sind, dienen im allgemeinen der Vernetzung oder der Kettenverlängerung. Es sind im allgemeinen mehr als zweiwertige nicht-phenolische Alkohole, Amine mit 2 oder mehr primären und/oder sekundären Aminogruppen sowie Verbindungen, die neben einer oder mehreren alkoholischen Hyxdroxylgruppen eine oder mehrere primäre und/oder sekundäre Aminogruppen tragen.The monomers (a4) which are from the monomers (a1) to (a3) are generally used for networking or Chain extension. They are generally more than two-valued non-phenolic alcohols, amines with 2 or more primary and / or secondary amino groups and compounds which in addition to a or more alcoholic hydroxyl groups one or more wear primary and / or secondary amino groups.
Polyamine mit 2 oder mehr primären und/oder sekundären Aminogruppen werden vor allem dann eingesetzt, wenn die Kettenverlängerung bzw. Vernetzung in Gegenwart von Wasser stattfinden soll, da Amine in der Regel schneller als Alkohole oder Wasser mit Isocyanaten reagieren. Das ist häufig dann erforderlich, wenn wässerige Dispersionen von vernetzten Polyurethanen oder Polyurethanen mit hohem Molgewicht gewünscht werden. In solchen Fällen geht man so vor, daß man Präpolymere mit Isocyanatgruppen herstellt, diese rasch in Wasser dispergiert und anschließend durch Zugabe von Verbindungen mit mehreren gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Aminogruppen kettenverlängert oder vernetzt.Polyamines with 2 or more primary and / or secondary amino groups are mainly used when the chain extension or crosslinking should take place in the presence of water, since Amines are generally faster than using alcohols or water Isocyanates react. This is often necessary when aqueous dispersions of cross-linked polyurethanes or polyurethanes with a high molecular weight. In such cases the procedure is such that prepolymers with isocyanate groups manufactures, quickly dispersed in water and then by adding compounds with more than isocyanates reactive amino groups chain-extended or cross-linked.
Hierzu geeignete Amine sind im allgemeinen polyfunktionelle Amine des Molgewichtsbereiches von 32 bis 500 g/mol, vorzugsweise von 60 bis 300 g/mol, welche mindestens Aminogruppen, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der primären und sekundären Aminogruppen, enthalten. Beispiele hierfür sind Diamine wie Diaminoethan, Diaminopropane, Diaminobutane, Diaminohexane, Piperazin, 2,5-Dimethylpiperazin, Amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexan (Isophorondiamin, IPDA), 4,4'-Diaminodicyclohexylmethan, 1,4-Diaminocyclohexan, Aminoethylethanolamin, Hydrazin, Hydrazinhydrat oder Triamine wie Diethylentriamin oder 1,8-Diamino-4-aminomethyloctan. Suitable amines are generally polyfunctional amines of the molecular weight range from 32 to 500 g / mol, preferably from 60 to 300 g / mol, which at least amino groups, selected from the group of primary and secondary amino groups. Examples include diamines such as diaminoethane, diaminopropanes, Diaminobutanes, diaminohexanes, piperazine, 2,5-dimethylpiperazine, Amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane (isophoronediamine, IPDA), 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, Aminoethylethanolamine, hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate or triamines such as Diethylenetriamine or 1,8-diamino-4-aminomethyloctane.
Die Amine können auch in blockierter Form, z.B. in Form der entsprechenden Ketimine (siehe z.B. CA-1 129 128), Ketazine (vgl. z.B. die US-A 4 269 748) oder Aminsalze (s. US-A 4 292 226) eingesetzt werden.The amines can also be in blocked form, e.g. in the form of corresponding ketimines (see e.g. CA-1 129 128), ketazines (cf. e.g. US-A 4 269 748) or amine salts (see US-A 4 292 226) be used.
Bevorzugt werden Gemische von Di- und Triaminen verwendet, besonders bevorzugt Gemische von Isophorondiamin und Diethylentriamin.Mixtures of di- and triamines are preferably used, especially preferably mixtures of isophoronediamine and diethylenetriamine.
Die Polyurethane enthalten bevorzugt kein Polyamin oder 1 bis 20, besonders bevorzugt 4 bis 15 mol-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Komponenten (a2) und (a4) eines Polyamins mit mindestens 2 gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Aminogruppen als Monomere (a4).The polyurethanes preferably contain no polyamine or 1 to 20, particularly preferably 4 to 15 mol%, based on the total amount of components (a2) and (a4) of a polyamine with at least 2 amino groups reactive towards isocyanates as monomers (a4).
Alkohole mit einer höheren Wertigkeit als 2, die zur Einstellung eines gewissen Verzweigungs- oder Vernetzungagrades dienen können, sind z.B. Trimethylolpropan, Glycerin oder Zucker.Alcohols with a higher valence than 2, for adjustment serve a certain degree of branching or networking can be e.g. Trimethylolpropane, glycerin or sugar.
Für den gleichen Zweck können auch als Monomere (a4) höher als zweiwertige Isocyanate eingesetzt werden. Handelsübliche Verbindungen sind beispielsweise das Isocyanurat oder das Biuret des Hexamethylendiisocyanats.For the same purpose, monomers (a4) can also be higher than divalent isocyanates are used. Commercial Compounds are, for example, isocyanurate or biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate.
Monomere (a5), die gegebenfalls mitverwendet werden, sind Monoisocyanate, Monoalkohole und mono-primäre und sekundäre Amine. Im allgemeinen beträgt ihr Anteil maximal 10 mol-%, bezogen auf die gesamte Molmenge der Monomere. Diese monofunktionellen Verbindungen tragen üblicherweise weitere funktionelle Gruppen wie olefinische Gruppen oder Carbonylgruppen und dienen zur Einführung von funktionellen Gruppen in das Polyurethan, die die Dispergierung bzw. die Vernetzung oder weitere polymeranaloge Umsetzung des Polyurethans ermöglichen. In Betracht kommen hierfür Monomere wie Isopropenyl-a,a-dimethylbenzylisocyanat (TMI) und Ester von Acryl- oder Methacrylsäure wie Hydroxyethylacrylat oder Hydroxyethylmethacrylat.Monomers (a5) which may also be used are monoisocyanates, Monoalcohols and mono-primary and secondary amines. in the in general, their proportion is at most 10 mol%, based on the total molar amount of monomers. These monofunctional Compounds usually carry further functional groups such as olefinic groups or carbonyl groups and are used for introduction of functional groups in the polyurethane that the Dispersion or crosslinking or other polymer-analog Enable implementation of the polyurethane. Consider this Monomers such as isopropenyl-a, a-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI) and esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid such as hydroxyethyl acrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
Auf dem Gebiet der Polyurethanchemie ist allgemein bekannt, wie das Molekulargewicht der Polyurethane durch Wahl der Anteile der miteinander reaktiven Monomere sowie dem arithmetischen Mittel der Zahl der reaktiven funktionellen Gruppen pro Molekül eingestellt werden kann.In the field of polyurethane chemistry, it is well known how the molecular weight of the polyurethanes by choosing the proportions of the mutually reactive monomers and the arithmetic mean the number of reactive functional groups per molecule can be adjusted.
Normalerweise werden die Komponenten (a1), (a2), (a3) und (a4)
sowie ihre jeweiligen Molmengen so gewählt, daß das Verhältnis
A:B mit
0,5 : 1 bis 2 : 1, bevorzugt 0,8 : 1 bis 1,5, besonders bevorzugt
0,9 : 1 bis 1,2 : 1 beträgt. Ganz besonders bevorzugt liegt das
Verhältnis A : B möglichst nahe an 1 : 1.
Neben den Komponenten (a1), (a2), (a3) und (a4) werden Monomere
mit nur einer reaktiven Gruppe im allgemeinen in Mengen bis zu
15mol-%, bevorzugt bis zu 8 mol-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge
der Komponenten (a1), (a2), (a3) und (a4) eingesetzt.0.5: 1 to 2: 1, preferably 0.8: 1 to 1.5, particularly preferably 0.9: 1 to 1.2: 1. The ratio A: B is very particularly preferably as close as possible to 1: 1.
In addition to components (a1), (a2), (a3) and (a4), monomers with only one reactive group are generally used in amounts of up to 15 mol%, preferably up to 8 mol%, based on the total amount of components ( a1), (a2), (a3) and (a4) are used.
Die eingesetzten Monomere (a1) bis (a4) tragen im Mittel üblicherweise 1,5 bis 2,5, bevorzugt 1,9 bis 2,1, besonders bevorzugt 2,0 Isocyanatgruppen bzw. funktionelle Gruppen, die mit Isocyanaten in einer Additionsreaktion reagieren können.The monomers (a1) to (a4) used bear on average usually 1.5 to 2.5, preferably 1.9 to 2.1, particularly preferably 2.0 isocyanate groups or functional groups with Isocyanates can react in an addition reaction.
Die Polyaddition der Komponenten (a1) bis (a4) erfolgt im allgemeinen nach den bekannten Verrfahren, wobei bevorzugt das sog. "Acetonverfahren" oder das Präpolymermischverfahren", die beispielsweise in der DE-A-4418157 beschrieben sind, angewendet wird.The polyaddition of components (a1) to (a4) is generally carried out according to the known methods, preferably the so-called "Acetone process" or the prepolymer blend process ", the are described for example in DE-A-4418157 becomes.
Dabei geht man im allgemeinen so vor, daß man zunächst in einem inerten organische Lösungsmittel ein Präpolymer oder das Polyurethan (a) herstellt und anschließend das Präpolymer oder das Polyurethan (a) in Wasser dispergiert. Im Falle des Präpolymeren erfolgt die Umsetzung zum Polyurethan (a) durch Reaktion mit dem Wasser oder durch ein nachträglich zugebenes Amin (Komponente a4). Üblicherweise wird das Lösungsmittel nach der Dispergierung destillativ ganz oder teilweise entfernt.The general procedure is to start with one inert organic solvents, a prepolymer or the polyurethane (a) and then the prepolymer or Polyurethane (a) dispersed in water. In the case of the prepolymer the conversion to polyurethane (a) takes place by reaction with the Water or by adding an amine (component a4). Usually the solvent is used after dispersion All or part of the distillation removed.
Die Dispersionen haben im allgemeinen einen Feststoffgehalt von 10 bis 75, bevorzugt von 20 bis 65 Gew.-% und eine Viskosität von 10 bis 500 m Pas (gemessen bei einer Temperatur von 20°C und einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 250 s-1).The dispersions generally have a solids content of 10 to 75, preferably 20 to 65% by weight and a viscosity of 10 to 500 m Pas (measured at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a shear rate of 250 s -1 ).
Hydrophobe Hilfsmittel, die unter Umständen nur schwierig homogen in der fertigen Dispersion zu verteilen sind wie beispielsweise Phenol-Kondensationharze aus Aldehyden und Phenol bzw. Phenolderivaten oder Epoxidharze und weitere z.B. in der DE-A-3903538, 43 09 079 und 40 24 567 genannten Polymere, die in Polyurethandispersionen beispielsweise als Haftungsverbesserer dienen, können nach den in den drei oben genannten Schriften beschriebenen Methoden dem Polyurethan oder dem Präpolymeren bereits vor der Dispergierung zugesetzt werden.Hydrophobic aids that can be difficult to homogenize to be distributed in the finished dispersion, for example Phenol condensation resins made from aldehydes and phenol or phenol derivatives or epoxy resins and others e.g. in DE-A-3903538, 43 09 079 and 40 24 567 polymers mentioned in the polyurethane dispersions serve, for example, as a liability improver, can be described in the three fonts mentioned above Methods already before the polyurethane or the prepolymer be added to the dispersion.
Die Polyurethandispersionen können, bezogen auf ihren Feststoffgehalt bis zu 40, bevorzugt bis zu 20 Gew.-% sonstiger Polymere (B) in dispergierter Form enthalten. Derartige Polyurethandispersionen werden im allgemeinen durch Abmischung mit Dispersionen, enthaltend die Polymere (B) hergestellt. Bevorzugt sind die Polyurethandispersionen jedoch frei von wirksamen Mengen sonstiger Polymere.The polyurethane dispersions can, based on their solids content up to 40, preferably up to 20% by weight of other polymers (B) contained in dispersed form. Such polyurethane dispersions are generally mixed with Dispersions containing the polymers (B) are produced. Prefers however, the polyurethane dispersions are free of effective amounts other polymers.
Als Polymere (B) kommen weiterhin durch radikalisch initiierte
Polymerisation hergestellte Polymere in Betracht. Diese sind
üblicherweise aufgebaut aus
(Meth)acryl- steht hierbei verkürzend für Methacryl- oder Acryl-.(Meth) acrylic is a shortening for methacrylic or acrylic.
Als Monomere (b1) zu nennen sind z.B. (Meth)acrylsäurealkylester mit einem C1-C10-Alkylrest, wie Methylmethacrylat, Methylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat, Ethylacrylat und 2-Ethylhexylacrylat sowie Acryl- oder Methacrylsäure.Examples of monomers (b1) include (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters with a C 1 -C 10 alkyl radical, such as methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and acrylic or methacrylic acid.
Insbesondere sind auch Mischungen der (Meth)acrylsäurealkylester geeignet.In particular, mixtures of the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters suitable.
Vinylester von Carbonsäuren mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen sind z.B. Vinyllaurat, -stearat, Vinylpropionat und Vinylacetat.Vinyl esters of carboxylic acids with 1 to 20 C atoms are e.g. Vinyl laurate, stearate, vinyl propionate and vinyl acetate.
Als vinylaromatische Verbindungen kommen Vinyltoluol, alpha- und p-Methylstyrol, alpha-Butylstyrol, 4-n-Butylstyrol, 4-n-Decylstyrol und vorzugsweise Styrol in Betracht.As vinyl aromatic compounds come vinyl toluene, alpha and p-methylstyrene, alpha-butylstyrene, 4-n-butylstyrene, 4-n-decylstyrene and preferably styrene.
Beispiele für Nitrile sind Acrylnitril und Methacrylnitril. Examples of nitriles are acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
Die Vinylhalogenide sind mit Chlor, Fluor oder Brom substituierte ethylenisch ungesättigte Verbindungen, bevorzugt Vinylchlorid und Vinylidenchlorid.The vinyl halides are substituted with chlorine, fluorine or bromine ethylenically unsaturated compounds, preferably vinyl chloride and Vinylidene chloride.
Als nicht aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe mit 2 bis 8 C-Atomen und ein oder zwei olefinischen Doppelbindungen seien Butadien, Isopren und Chloropren, sowie Ethylen, Propylen und Isobutylen genannt.As non-aromatic hydrocarbons with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and one or two olefinic double bonds are butadiene and isoprene and chloroprene, as well as ethylene, propylene and isobutylene called.
Die Hauptmonomeren werden auch vorzugsweise im Gemisch eingesetzt.The main monomers are also preferably mixed used.
Vinylaromatische Verbindungen wie Styrol werden z.B. häufig im Gemisch mit C1-C20-Alkyl(meth)acrylaten, insbesondere mit C1-C8-Alkyl(meth)acrylaten, oder nicht aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen wie Isopren oder vorzugsweise Butadien eingesetzt.Vinylaromatic compounds such as styrene are frequently used, for example, in a mixture with C 1 -C 20 -alkyl (meth) acrylates, in particular with C 1 -C 8 -alkyl (meth) acrylates, or non-aromatic hydrocarbons such as isoprene or preferably butadiene.
Als Monomere (b3) kommen in Betracht: Ester der Acryl- und Methacrylsäure von Alkoholen mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen, die außer dem Sauerstoffatom in der Alkoholgruppe mindestens ein weiteres Heteroatom enthalten und/oder die einen aliphatischen oder aromatischen Ring enthalten, wie 2-Ethoxyethylacrylat, 2-Butoxyethyl(meth)acrylat, Dimethylaminoethyl(meth)acrylat, Diethylaminoethyl(meth)acrylat, (Meth)acrylsäurearyl-, -alkaryl- oder Cycloalkylester, wie Cyclohexyl(meth)acrylat, Phenylethyl-(meth)acrylat, Phenylpropyl-(meth)acrylat oder Acrylsäureester von heterocyclischen Alkoholen wie Furfuryl(meth)acrylat genannt.Possible monomers (b3) are: esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid of alcohols with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which in addition to Oxygen atom in the alcohol group at least one more Contain heteroatom and / or an aliphatic or aromatic Contain ring, such as 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, 2-butoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, Dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, (Meth) acrylic acid aryl, alkaryl or Cycloalkyl esters, such as cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, phenylethyl (meth) acrylate, Phenylpropyl (meth) acrylate or acrylic acid ester of heterocyclic alcohols such as furfuryl (meth) acrylate called.
Darüber hinaus kommen noch Monomere mit Amino- oder Amidgruppen wie (Meth)acrylamid, sowie deren am Stickstoff mit C1-C4-Alkyl substituierten Derivate in Betracht.In addition, monomers with amino or amide groups such as (meth) acrylamide and their derivatives substituted on the nitrogen with C 1 -C 4 -alkyl are also suitable.
Von Bedeutung sind insbesondere hydroxyfunktionelle Monomere, z.B. (Meth)acrylsäure-C1-C15-alkylester, welche durch ein oder zwei Hydroxygruppen substituiert sind. Insbesondere von Bedeutung als hydroxyfunktionelle Comonomere sind (Meth)acrylsäure-C2-C8-hydroxyalkylester, wie n-Hydroxyethyl-, n-Hydroxypropyl- oder n-Hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylat.Of particular importance are hydroxy-functional monomers, for example (meth) acrylic acid-C 1 -C 15 -alkyl esters, which are substituted by one or two hydroxyl groups. Of particular importance as hydroxy-functional comonomers are (meth) acrylic acid-C 2 -C 8 -hydroxyalkyl esters, such as n-hydroxyethyl, n-hydroxypropyl or n-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate.
Häufig empfiehlt sich die Mitverwendung von Monomeren mit Carbonsäure- oder Carbonsäureanhydridgruppen, z.B. Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Itaconsäure, Maleinsäureanhydrid; diese Monomeren werden vorzugsweise in Mengen von 0 bis 10, besonders bevorzugt von 0,1 bis 3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Copolymerisat, eingesetzt. It is often advisable to use monomers with carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride groups, e.g. Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, Itaconic acid, maleic anhydride; these monomers are preferably in amounts of 0 to 10, particularly preferred from 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the copolymer, used.
Die Herstellung des Copolymerisats erfolgt durch radikalische Polymerisation. Geeignete Polymerisationsmethoden, wie Substanz-, Lösungs-, Suspensions- oder Emulsionspolymerisation sind dem Fachmann bekannt.The copolymer is produced by free radicals Polymerization. Suitable polymerization methods, such as substance, Solution, suspension or emulsion polymerization are that Known specialist.
Vorzugsweise wird das Copolymerisat durch Lösungspolymerisation mit anschließender Dispergierung in Wasser oder besonders bevorzugt durch Emulsionspolymerisation hergestellt.The copolymer is preferably obtained by solution polymerization with subsequent dispersion in water or particularly preferred made by emulsion polymerization.
Die Comonomeren können bei der Emulsionspolymerisation wie üblich in Gegenwart eines wasserlöslichen Initiators und eines Emulgators bei vorzugsweise 30 bis 95°C polymerisiert werden.The comonomers can be used as usual in emulsion polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble initiator and one Emulsifier can be polymerized at preferably 30 to 95 ° C.
Geeignete Initiatoren sind z.B. Natrium-, Kalium- und Ammoniumpersulfat, Peroxide wie z.B. tert.-Butylhydroperoxid, wasserlösliche Azoverbindungen oder auch Redoxinitiatoren.Suitable initiators are e.g. Sodium, potassium and ammonium persulfate, Peroxides such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide, water soluble Azo compounds or redox initiators.
Als Emulgatoren dienen z.B. Alkalisalze von längerkettigen Fettsäuren, Alkylsulfate, Alkylsulfonate, alkylierte Arylsulfonate oder alkylierte Biphenylethersulfonate. Des weiteren kommen als Emulgatoren Umsetzungsprodukte von Alkylenoxiden, insbesondere Ethylen- oder Propylenoxid mit Fettalkoholen oder-säuren oder Phenol bzw. Alkylphenolen in Betracht.E.g. serve as emulsifiers Alkali salts of longer-chain fatty acids, Alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkylated aryl sulfonates or alkylated biphenyl ether sulfonates. Furthermore come as Emulsifiers Reaction products of alkylene oxides, in particular Ethylene or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols or acids or Phenol or alkylphenols into consideration.
Im Falle von wäßrigen Sekundärdispersionen wird das Copolymerisat zunächst durch Lösungspolymerisation in einem organischen Lösungsmittel hergestellt und anschließend unter Zugabe von Salzbildnern, z.B. von Ammoniak, zu Carbonsäuregruppen enthaltenden Copolymerisaten in Wasser ohne Verwendung eines Emulgators oder Dispergierhilfsmittels dispergiert. Das organische Lösungsmittel kann abdestilliert werden. Die Herstellung von wäßrigen Sekundärdispersionen ist dem Fachmann bekannt und z.B. in der DE-A-37 20 860 beschrieben.In the case of aqueous secondary dispersions, the copolymer first by solution polymerization in an organic Solvent and then with the addition of salt formers, e.g. from ammonia to carboxylic acid groups Copolymers in water without the use of an emulsifier or Dispersing aid dispersed. The organic solvent can be distilled off. The production of aqueous secondary dispersions is known to the person skilled in the art and e.g. in DE-A-37 20 860.
Zur Einstellung des Molekulargewichts können bei der Polymerisation Regler eingesetzt werden. Geeignet sind z.B. -SH-Gruppen enthaltende Verbindungen wie Mercaptoethanol, Mercaptopropanol, Thiophenol, Thioglycerin, Thioglykolsäureethylester, Thioglykolsäuremethylester und tert.-Dodecylmercaptan. Sie können z.B. in Mengen von 0 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Copolymerisat, eingesetzt werden.To adjust the molecular weight during the polymerization Controllers are used. Suitable are e.g. -SH groups containing compounds such as mercaptoethanol, mercaptopropanol, Thiophenol, thioglycerol, thioglycolic acid ethyl ester, thioglycolic acid methyl ester and tert-dodecyl mercaptan. You can e.g. in Quantities from 0 to 0.5% by weight, based on the copolymer, be used.
Die Art und Menge der Comonomeren wird vorzugsweise so gewählt, daß das erhaltene Copolymerisat eine Glasübergangstemperatur zwischen -60 bis +140°C, vorzugsweise -60 bis +100°C aufweist. Die Glasübergangstemperatur des Copolymerisats wird durch Differentialthermoanalyse oder Differential Scanning Calorimetrie nach ASTM 3418/82 bestimmt.The type and amount of the comonomers is preferably chosen so that that the copolymer obtained has a glass transition temperature between -60 to + 140 ° C, preferably -60 to + 100 ° C. The Glass transition temperature of the copolymer is determined by Differential thermal analysis or differential scanning calorimetry determined according to ASTM 3418/82.
Das zahlenmittlere Molekulargewicht Mn beträgt vorzugsweise 103 bis 5·106, besonders bevorzugt 105 bis 2·106 g/mol (bestimmt durch Gelpermeationschromatographie mit Polystyrol als Standard).The number average molecular weight M n is preferably 10 3 to 5 · 10 6 , particularly preferably 10 5 to 2 · 10 6 g / mol (determined by gel permeation chromatography with polystyrene as standard).
Die Polyurethandispersionen können handelsübliche Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe wie Treibmittel, Entschäumer, Emulgatoren, Verdickungsmittel und Thixotropiermittel, Farbmittel wie Farbstoffe und Pigmente enthalten.The polyurethane dispersions can be commercially available auxiliaries and Additives such as blowing agents, defoamers, emulsifiers, Thickeners and thixotropic agents, colorants such as Dyes and pigments included.
Im allgemeinen enthalten die Polyurethandispersionen weniger als 10, bevorzugt weniger als 0,5 Gew.-% organische Lösungsmittel.In general, the polyurethane dispersions contain less than 10, preferably less than 0.5% by weight of organic solvents.
Die Imprägnate aus den textilen Flächengebilden und den Polyurethandispersionen stellt man im allgemeinen her, indem man die Polyurethandispersionen nach üblichen Verfahren aufträgt. Als Auftragsmethoden eignen sich besonders Spritzen, Tauchen, Rakeln, Pinseln, Foulardieren.The impregnates from the textile fabrics and the polyurethane dispersions is generally made by using the Applies polyurethane dispersions by conventional methods. As Application methods are particularly suitable for spraying, dipping, knife coating, Brushing, padding.
Zur Herstellung des Imprägnats werden im allgemeinen 20 bis 100, bevorzugt 30 bis 50 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des textilen Flächengebildes, der Polyurethandispersion, bezogen auf deren Feststoffgehalt, aufgetragen.In general, 20 to 100, preferably 30 to 50 wt .-%, based on the weight of the textile Surface structure, the polyurethane dispersion, based on their Solids content, applied.
Nach dem Auftrag wird getrocknet, bevorzugt bei Temperaturen von 20 bis 150°C.After application, drying is carried out, preferably at temperatures of 20 to 150 ° C.
Die Auftragsmengen und Verfahren werden im allgemeinen so gewählt, daß die textilen Flächengebilde praktisch porenfrei mit der Polyurethandispersion verschlossen werden.The order quantities and procedures are generally like this chosen that the textile fabrics with practically non-porous the polyurethane dispersion are sealed.
Zur Herstellung der poromeren Kunstleder läßt man auf die Imprägnate eine wässerige Lösung einer Brönsted-Base einwirken.To produce the poromeric synthetic leather, you can click on the Impregnate an aqueous solution of a Bronsted base.
Geeignete Brönsted-Basen weisen bevorzugt einen pKB-Wert von maximal 5 auf.Suitable Bronsted bases preferably have a pK B value of at most 5.
Beispiele für geeignet Brönsted-Basen sind Alkalihydroxide, -Carbonate und -Hydrogencarbonate, Ammoniak, Amine, die ggfls. auch im Gemisch einsetzt werden können. Besonders bevorzugt ist Natronlauge.Examples of suitable Bronsted bases are alkali metal hydroxides, -Carbonates and -hydrogen carbonates, ammonia, amines, which if necessary. can also be used in a mixture. Is particularly preferred Caustic soda.
Die wässerigen Lösungen enthalten die im allgemeinen 1 bis 40, bevorzugt 2 bis 10 Gew.-% der Brönsted-Basen. The aqueous solutions generally contain 1 to 40, preferably 2 to 10% by weight of the Bronsted bases.
Die Temperatur der wässerigen Lösungen, die man auf die Imprägnate einwirken läßt, beträgt üblicherweise 0 bis 120°C, bevorzugt 20 bis 100°C.The temperature of the aqueous solutions that are impregnated can act, is usually 0 to 120 ° C, preferred 20 to 100 ° C.
Die Einwirkungsdauer liegt im allgemeinen bei 1 bis 300 mm, bevorzugt 1 bis 120 min.The exposure time is generally 1 to 300 mm, preferably 1 to 120 min.
Auf 1 Teil imprägniertes Textil werden 20 bis 1000 Teile, bevorzugt 100 bis 300 Teile, wäßriger Lösung der Base verwendet.20 to 1000 parts, to 1 part impregnated textile, preferably 100 to 300 parts, aqueous solution of the base used.
Zweckmäßigerweise läßt man die wässerigen Lösungen auf die Imprägnate einwirken, indem man sie durch Aufsprühen vollständig benetzt oder die Imprägnate in die wässerigen Lösungen eintaucht.The aqueous solutions are expediently left on the impregnates act by spraying them completely wetted or immersed the impregnate in the aqueous solutions.
Mit steigender Einwirkungsdauer, Temperatur und Konzentration der Brönsted-Base in der wässerigen Lösung werden die poromeren Kunstleder weicher im Griff und erhalten eine rauhere Oberfläche.With increasing exposure time, temperature and concentration of Brönsted base in the aqueous solution becomes the poromeric Synthetic leather has a softer grip and a rougher surface.
Es wird angenommen, daß die Einwirkung der wässerigen Lösungen die Ausbildung von Microporen in den Imprägnaten bewirkt. Denn im allgemeinen weisen die Imprägnate praktisch keine Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit, gemessen nach DIN 53333 auf, wohingegen die poromeren Kunstleder eine Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit von mehr als 1, üblicherweise von 1 bis 10 mg/hcm2 aufweisen.It is believed that exposure to aqueous solutions causes micropores to form in the impregnates. In general, the impregnates have practically no water vapor permeability, measured according to DIN 53333, whereas the poromeric synthetic leather has a water vapor permeability of more than 1, usually from 1 to 10 mg / hcm 2 .
Im Anschluß an die Einwirkung der wässerigen Lösung entfernt man die Brönsted-Base, beispielsweise indem man die poromeren Kunstleder mit Wasser auswäscht. Danach werden die poromeren Kunstleder üblicherweise getrocknet.After the action of the aqueous solution is removed the Bronsted base, for example by making the poromeric synthetic leather washed out with water. After that, the poromeric synthetic leather usually dried.
Je nach Anwendungszweck können die poromeren Kunstleder anschließend analog zu natürlichen Ledern weiter- bzw. nachbehandelt werden, z.B. durch Bürsten, Walken, Millen oder Bügeln.Depending on the application, the poromeric synthetic leather then treated or post-treated analogously to natural leather e.g. by brushing, milling, milling or ironing.
Ggf. können die poromeren Kunstleder wie natürliches Leder mit den üblichen Zurichtmitteln zugerichtet werden. Dadurch ergeben sich weitere Möglichkeiten zur Steuerung ihres Charakters.Possibly. can use the poromeric synthetic leather like natural leather the usual dressing agents are prepared. This results in yourself other ways to control your character.
Die poromeren Leder eignen sich grundsätzlich für alle die Anwendungen, in denen natürliche Leder zum Einsatz kommen, insbesondere können sie an Stelle von Wildleder eingesetzt werden. The poromeric leathers are basically suitable for all applications in which natural leather is used, in particular, they can be used instead of suede.
Als PUR-Dispersion wurde Emuldur® DS 2299 (BASF AG) verwendet. Emuldur DS 2299 ist eine aliphatische Polyesterurethan-Dispersion mit 40% Festgehalt.Emuldur® DS 2299 (BASF AG) was used as the PU dispersion. Emuldur DS 2299 is an aliphatic polyester urethane dispersion with 40% fixed salary.
Als Basisträgermaterial dienten zwei verschiedene PES-Nadelvliesstoffe.
- Vlies A:
- ca. 300 g/m2 (leichter vernadelte Ware)
- Vlies B:
- ca. 450 g/m2 (dichter vernadelte Ware)
- Fleece A:
- approx. 300 g / m 2 (lighter needled goods)
- Fleece B:
- approx. 450 g / m 2 (denser needled goods)
Beide Trägervliesstoffe wurden im Imprägnierverfahren mit
anschließender Foulardierung mit der Dispersion imprägniert und
bei 130°C während drei Minuten getrocknet.
Die getrockneten Vliesstoffe wurden in Folge in 5 %iger Natronlauge bei 90°C unter stetem, leichten Umrühren behandelt.The dried nonwovens were subsequently in 5% sodium hydroxide solution treated at 90 ° C with constant, gentle stirring.
Die Vliesstoffe wurden nach 15, 30, 45 bzw. 60 min aus der Natronlauge entfernt, ausgewaschen und getrocknet.The nonwovens were removed after 15, 30, 45 and 60 min Sodium hydroxide solution removed, washed out and dried.
Es werden Wildleder-ähnliche Artikel mit angenehmem, weichem Griff und hoher Zugfestigkeit erhalten.There are suede-like articles with a pleasant, soft Get grip and high tensile strength.
Bei höherem Flächengewicht des Grundvlieses sowie bei höherem Auftragsgewicht wurden die Artikel standiger und härter im Griff. With a higher basis weight of the basic fleece and with a higher one Order weight, the items became more stable and harder to handle.
Mit zunehmender Behandlungsdauer wurden die Artikel weicher im Griff und sie erhielten eine rauhere Oberfläche.With increasing treatment time the articles became softer in the Handle and they got a rougher surface.
Claims (11)
- a1)
- Diisocyanaten mit 4 bis 30 C-Atomen,
- a2)
- Diolen, von denen
- a2.1)
- 10 bis 100 mol-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Diole
- (a2),
- ein Molekulargewicht von 500 bis 5000 aufweisen, und
- a2.2)
- 0 bis 90 mol-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Diole
- (a2),
- ein Molekulargewicht von 60 bis 500 g/mol aufweisen,
- a1)
- Diisocyanates with 4 to 30 carbon atoms,
- a2)
- Diols, of which
- a2.1)
- 10 to 100 mol%, based on the total amount of the diols
- (a2),
- have a molecular weight of 500 to 5000, and
- a2.2)
- 0 to 90 mol%, based on the total amount of the diols
- (a2),
- have a molecular weight of 60 to 500 g / mol,
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19825453A DE19825453A1 (en) | 1998-06-06 | 1998-06-06 | Poromeric synthetic leather |
| DE19825453 | 1998-06-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0962585A2 true EP0962585A2 (en) | 1999-12-08 |
| EP0962585A3 EP0962585A3 (en) | 2002-04-10 |
Family
ID=7870219
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99110686A Withdrawn EP0962585A3 (en) | 1998-06-06 | 1999-06-02 | Breathable artificial leather |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6231926B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0962585A3 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2273630A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19825453A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004061198A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-22 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Process to make synthetic leather and synthetic leather made therefrom |
| DE102009014699A1 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-07 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Process for the preparation of a reactive polyurethane emulsion |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW526304B (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2003-04-01 | Kuraray Co | Process for producing a leather-like sheet |
| DE10221704A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2003-01-23 | Compo Gmbh & Co Kg | Solid agrochemical formulation, especially granular fertilizer, having slow-release coating obtained by applying dispersion of polymer having urethane and urea groups |
| US20050210596A1 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2005-09-29 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Use of polyelectrolytes in the production of leather |
| DE10322266A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-02 | Basf Ag | Self-emulsifying aqueous polyurethane dispersion |
| US20050182187A1 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-08-18 | Koonce William A. | Polyurethane dispersions and coatings made therefrom |
| DE102004010456A1 (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2005-09-22 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Process for the preparation of a lightfast synthetic leather and products made therefrom |
| US20060111506A1 (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-05-25 | Bedri Erdem | Filled polyurethane dispersions |
| US20060116454A1 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-01 | Bedri Erdem | Stable thermally coaguable polyurethane dispersions |
| JP2010516492A (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2010-05-20 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | Laminates containing films and webs made from thermoplastic polyurethane |
| EP2271685B1 (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2018-01-03 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Polyurethane dispersions and coatings produced therefrom |
| US9732026B2 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2017-08-15 | Resinate Technologies, Inc. | Reaction products containing hydroxyalkylterephthalates and methods of making and using same |
| CN104884252B (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2018-11-27 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | Synthetic leather based on polyurethane dispersion liquid |
| BR112021002983A2 (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2021-05-11 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | process, and, synthetic leather. |
| US11834780B2 (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2023-12-05 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Process for forming synthetic leather |
| CN120981626A (en) | 2023-10-27 | 2025-11-18 | 美国陶氏有机硅公司 | Silicone-(meth)acrylate copolymer emulsions, their preparation, and applications in imparting oil-repellent properties to textiles. |
| WO2025106268A1 (en) | 2023-11-16 | 2025-05-22 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Aqueous coating composition containing an aminosiloxane ester copolymer, method for preparation of the aqueous coating composition, and use for treating leather |
| WO2025106269A1 (en) | 2023-11-16 | 2025-05-22 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Aqueous coating composition containing an aminosiloxane ester copolymer and a polyurethane binder, and methods for preparation and use thereof |
| WO2025216964A1 (en) | 2024-04-11 | 2025-10-16 | Dow Silicones Corporation | Aqueous coating composition containing a hydroxyl – functional aminosiloxane ester copolymer, method for preparation thereof, and use for leather treatment |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4824431B1 (en) * | 1970-08-04 | 1973-07-20 | ||
| JPS5328773A (en) * | 1976-08-25 | 1978-03-17 | Kuraray Co | Animallfurrlike knitted woven goods and method of producing same |
| JPS5362804A (en) * | 1976-11-12 | 1978-06-05 | Unitika Ltd | Production of suede like fabric |
| JPS54101403A (en) * | 1978-01-27 | 1979-08-10 | Toyo Purodakutsu Kk | Preparation of artificial leather |
| US4171391A (en) * | 1978-09-07 | 1979-10-16 | Wilmington Chemical Corporation | Method of preparing composite sheet material |
| US4496624A (en) * | 1982-07-14 | 1985-01-29 | Norwood Industries, Inc. | Fibrous web impregnated with coagulated polyurethane and polyolefin admixture |
-
1998
- 1998-06-06 DE DE19825453A patent/DE19825453A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-06-02 EP EP99110686A patent/EP0962585A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-06-04 CA CA002273630A patent/CA2273630A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-04 US US09/325,798 patent/US6231926B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004061198A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-22 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Process to make synthetic leather and synthetic leather made therefrom |
| DE102009014699A1 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-07 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Process for the preparation of a reactive polyurethane emulsion |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6231926B1 (en) | 2001-05-15 |
| EP0962585A3 (en) | 2002-04-10 |
| CA2273630A1 (en) | 1999-12-06 |
| DE19825453A1 (en) | 1999-12-09 |
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