EP0964981A1 - Turbinenschaufel sowie deren verwendung in einer gasturbinenanlage - Google Patents
Turbinenschaufel sowie deren verwendung in einer gasturbinenanlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP0964981A1 EP0964981A1 EP98914796A EP98914796A EP0964981A1 EP 0964981 A1 EP0964981 A1 EP 0964981A1 EP 98914796 A EP98914796 A EP 98914796A EP 98914796 A EP98914796 A EP 98914796A EP 0964981 A1 EP0964981 A1 EP 0964981A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- turbine blade
- outlet
- cooling
- cooling fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N flonicamid Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=NC=C1C(=O)NCC#N RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
- F01D5/186—Film cooling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a turbine blade which has an inflow region, an outflow region and between them a pressure side and a suction side and a wall structure with a fluid around which a fluid can flow.
- the wall structure comprises an outer wall which surrounds an interior for guiding cooling fluid and has an outlet for cooling fluid.
- the invention further relates to the use of such a turbine blade.
- a guide vane of a gasturoine with a guide of cooling gas for cooling it is described in US Pat. No. 5,419,039.
- the guide vane is designed as a cast piece or composed of two cast pieces. It has a supply of cooling air from the compressor of the associated gas turbine system in its interior. In its wall structure which is exposed to the hot gas flow of the gas turbine and surrounds the air supply, cast-in cooling pockets which are open on one side are provided.
- the cooling pockets are arranged on the outside of the wall structure both in the direction of flow of the hot gas and perpendicular to the direction of flow of the hot gas along the main direction of expansion of the guide vane.
- the cooling bag flows into each cooling bag from the cooling air supply via a plurality of holes in the cooling air wall structure.
- the object of the invention is to provide a turbine blade with a coolable wall structure. Another object is to indicate the use of such a turbine blade:
- the object directed to a turbine blade is achieved by such a turbine blade according to the preamble of claim 1, in which the outer wall at the outlet has a thickening directed towards the interior.
- a thickening which is connected to the outer wall, even with an extremely thin outer wall for the outlet there is a large length to diameter ratio and a small angle of inclination of the outlet with respect to the outer wall can be realized.
- Cooling fluid in particular cooling air, can therefore flow through the outlet in sufficient quantity to form film cooling of the outer wall.
- a flat angle of the outlet means that the cooling fluid flow on the outer wall is immediately downstream of the outlet and thus particularly effective cooling can be achieved.
- Such a turbine blade is preferably suitable for use in a gas turbine, a hot gas flowing around the turbine blade.
- a hot gas flowing around the turbine blade.
- failure of the turbine blade is avoided by cooling that can be achieved with the turbine blade.
- the temperature on the outer wall, the surface temperature is reduced by film cooling and cooling via the interior to a temperature level that is not critical for the turbine blade. Cooling air from the interior leads to a convective transition and to heat conduction through the outer wall, as a result of which the surface of the outer wall can be adequately cooled.
- the outer wall to be cooled is made as thin as possible.
- the outer wall is preferably a central one, at least in some areas Wall thickness that is less than 2.5 mm, in particular approximately 1 mm.
- Cooling air which flows through the interior of the turbine blade, is heated and passes through the outlet, which is designed as a bore, in particular a film cooling bore, into a flow of a fluid flowing around the turbine blade, in particular a hot gas.
- the outlet, in particular the bore is preferably directed along an axis which is inclined at an acute angle with respect to the main flow direction of the fluid. This ensures that cooling air flowing out of the outlet, which is relatively cool with respect to the fluid, in particular a hot gas, forms a cold film of cooling fluid around the turbine blade. This effectively helps protect the turbine blade.
- the outlet is preferably inclined at an angle ⁇ between 10 ° and 45 °, in particular between 25 ° and 35 °, with respect to the outer wall. It is preferably designed as a bore with a substantially constant cross section. Alternatively, the outlet can have a throttle region facing the interior with a substantially constant cross-section and a deceleration region that widens towards the hot gas flow. With the throttle area is essentially one
- a reduction in the flow rate of the cooling fluid can be achieved due to the widening deceleration area, so that the cooling fluid can contact the outer wall immediately downstream of the outlet.
- the outlet preferably has a minimum diameter between 0.3 mm and 1.5 mm, in particular approximately between 0.6 mm and 0.7 mm. Due to the thickening, such a diameter can be produced without problems in terms of production technology with a ratio of length to diameter of the outlet between 2 and 5. Thus, besides the sufficient supply of Cooling fluid from the interior to the outer surface of the outer wall also ensures a shallow angle of the outlet with respect to the outer wall.
- the thickening is preferably formed on the outer wall as a local, spherical elevation.
- the outlet, the bore, is led through the spherical elevation. This enables a corresponding inclination and a large length to diameter ratio of the outlet even with a thin wall of the outer wall.
- the spherical elevation is preferably rounded off towards the outlet. The increase therefore has a radius of curvature in the region of the outlet in order to achieve a favorable inflow of cooling fluid into the outlet. This makes it possible to equalize the flow of the cooling fluid in the outlet, the bore. This also contributes to an improvement in a cooling fluid film that forms on the outer wall.
- the thickening can also be designed as a linear increase. This can contain multiple outlets.
- the wall structure can also have an inner wall facing the interior, a cooling region being provided between the inner wall and the outer wall for the flow of cooling fluid.
- Each cooling area has an inlet for cooling fluid assigned to the inner wall. This ensures that cooling fluid guided in the interior flows into the cooling area. Cooling fluid passes from the cooling area through the outlet to the outer surface of the outer wall.
- the cooling area is preferably designed as a cooling chamber which is enclosed by the outer wall and the inner wall. This increases the flexibility in the manufacture of the inlet and outlet and also makes it possible to change the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid retrospectively in accordance with the requirements for the turbine blade.
- the outlet can have a funnel-shaped opening (slowdown area), which can also be added later can be produced by eroding or working out using a laser beam.
- the cross section of such a funnel-shaped opening can, for example, circular, rectangular, or another a 'fold geometric shape.
- the inlet is preferably approximately perpendicular to the outer wall, so that inflowing cooling fluid impinges on the outer wall, whereby additional impingement cooling of the outer wall can be achieved at least in the region of the inlet.
- the outlet of a cooling area is preferably arranged between the inlet for cooling air and the inflow area of the turbine blade. This ensures so-called counterflow cooling, in which the cooling fluid within the cooling area is directed against the flow direction of the hot gas flow flowing around the turbine blade. This leads to improved film cooling, in particular in the case of a turbine blade used as a guide blade.
- the turbine blade with a wall structure comprising at least one cooling area, which is arranged between an outer wall and an inner wall, can be produced as a whole by casting in one work step.
- the turbine blade can also contain two or more cast parts, which are firmly connected to one another after casting by suitable methods (joining processes).
- the inlet is also made by casting.
- the turbine blade preferably has a plurality of cooling areas both along its main axis and in a plane perpendicular to the main axis.
- a guide vane of a stationary gas turbine can have three times three cooling chambers both on the suction side and on the pressure side and, depending on the heat transfer to be achieved, also more or fewer cooling chambers.
- heat transfer elements around which the cooling fluid can flow are arranged one behind the other in a main flow direction of the cooling fluid and are thermally connected to the outer wall. This is an effective heating of the cooling fluid in the cooling area is ensured over a long distance.
- the thermal connection of the heat transfer elements with the outer wall ensures effective heat transfer from the outer wall to the cooling fluid.
- the conceptual division of the wall structure into an outer wall and into an inner wall allows the functional properties of the wall structure to be decoupled, with less demands being placed on the mechanical stability on the outer wall than on the inner wall.
- the inner wall can therefore, since it is not directly exposed to a hot gas flow, be made with a greater wall thickness than the outer wall. In essence, it can take over the mechanical supporting function for the turbine blade.
- the outer wall on the other hand, can be designed with a smaller wall thickness, as a result of which it can be cooled particularly effectively via the heat transfer elements.
- the cross-section of the cooling area between the inner wall and the outer wall is preferably made small to form a high speed of the cooling fluid and is in particular in the region of the wall thickness of the outer wall.
- the main flow direction in the cooling area preferably corresponds to the flow direction of a fluid flowing around the turbine blade, in particular a hot gas, or is just opposite.
- the heat transfer elements are preferably column-like or platform-like and extend from the outer wall to the inner wall. They can also be firmly connected to the inner wall.
- the cross section of the heat transfer elements can be adapted to the heat transfer and flow technology requirements, for example circular, polygonal or in the manner of a flow profile.
- the object aimed at using the turbine blade is achieved in that the turbine blade is used as a moving blade or guide blade in a gas turbine system, in particular in a gas turbine, in which temperatures of well over 1000 ° C. of the hot gas flowing around the turbines occur.
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged illustration of the wall structure according to FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a turbine blade in a gas turbine in a cross section
- FIG. 4 shows an enlarged illustration of a section of the wall structure according to FIG. 3.
- FIG. 1 shows a turbine blade 1 of a gas turbine which is directed along a main axis 19.
- This has a wall structure 2 with an inflow region 8, an outflow region 9 and a pressure side 10 and a suction side 11, which are arranged opposite one another.
- the wall structure 2 has an outer wall 3, which encloses an interior space 21, which is subdivided into subareas not shown.
- the outer wall 3 has thickenings 14 directed into the interior 21. For the sake of clarity, only two thickenings 14 are shown schematically. poses. Each thickened portion 14 leads to an outlet 16 designed as a bore 17. This enables a cooling fluid 6, cooling air, which is led into the interior 21 to flow from the interior 21 through the thickening 14 to the outer wall 3. Outside of the turbine blade 1, the mixes
- the bore 17 (see FIG. 2) is inclined relative to the outer wall 3 by an acute angle ⁇ , preferably less than 45 °. It is hereby achieved that the cooling air 6 contacts the outer wall 3 immediately downstream of the outlet 16 and thus effects an effective film cooling of the outer wall 3.
- the thickening 14 is preferably designed as a singular local spherical elevation and rounded off towards the outlet 16. The thickening 14 thus points where that
- Cooling fluid flows into the outlet 16, a radius of curvature R through which a largely unimpeded inflow of the cooling fluid 6 into the outlet 16 is ensured. This also contributes to an equalization of the flow of the cooling fluid 6 in the outlet 16, the bore 17.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 also show a turbine blade 1 of a gas turbine, which is directed along a main axis 19.
- three hollow cooling regions 5, 5a each designed as cooling chambers 20, are provided on both the suction side 11 and the pressure side 10.
- These cooling areas 5, 5a are arranged in the wall structure 2 between the outer wall 3 and an inner wall 4.
- the inner wall 4, like the outer wall 3, encloses the divided interior space 21.
- the cooling areas 5, 5a have a length that is significantly larger, for example ten times larger than their cross section.
- the outer wall 3 has a significantly smaller wall thickness than the inner wall 4, for example the wall thickness of the outer wall 3 is 1.0 mm and the wall thickness of the inner wall 4 is 1.5 mm.
- the cross section of the cooling areas 5, 5a lies in the area of the wall thickness of the outer wall 3 and is, for example, approximately 1.0 mm. Over the long of the cooling area 5, 5a, a plurality, preferably over five, heat transfer elements 7 are arranged.
- a respective inlet 15 leads from the interior 21 into each cooling area 5, 5a, which is preferably designed as a bore or a plurality of bores, in particular cast. The inlet 15 is directed essentially perpendicular to the outer wall 3. This results in an additional impingement cooling of the outer wall 3 in the area of the inlet 15.
- a respective outlet 16 leads from each cooling area 5, 5a to the outer surface of the wall structure 2. In the area of the outlet 16, the outer wall 3 has a thickening 14.
- the cooling chamber 20 is therefore guided further in the direction of the interior 21 in the region of the outlet 16.
- the outlet 16 is preferably designed as a bore 17.
- This bore 17 has a throttle region 23 with a constant cross section directly adjoining the cooling chamber 20.
- This throttle area 23 is followed by an expanding slowdown area 24 in the direction of the outer surface of the outer wall 3.
- the bore 17 is directed along an axis 22 which, as already explained for FIGS. 1 and 2, is inclined at an acute angle ⁇ with respect to the outer wall 3.
- the outlet 16 is arranged closer to the inflow region 8 than the inlet 15 assigned to the same cooling chamber. As a result, cooling air 6 is guided in counterflow to the flow of the hot gas 18 in the cooling chamber 20.
- the heat transfer elements 7 are preferably arranged alternately in the direction of the main axis 19, as a result of which the contact time for heat transfer between the cooling air 6 and the heat transfer element 7 connected to the outer wall 3 is increased.
- the effectiveness of the cooling is further favored in that the outer wall 3 is designed with a small wall thickness.
- the supporting inner wall, which is not directly exposed to the hot gas 18, is also cooled.
- the invention is characterized by a turbine blade with a wall structure in which an outer wall which can be exposed to hot gas has a thickening into an interior, through which thickening an outlet is guided for guiding cooling air.
- the thickening ensures a favorable length-to-diameter ratio of the outlet and a flat angle of inclination of the outlet relative to the outer wall, even with an extremely thin outer wall with a wall thickness of in particular about 1 mm. As a result, effective film cooling of the outer wall can be achieved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19706760 | 1997-02-20 | ||
| DE19706760 | 1997-02-20 | ||
| PCT/DE1998/000521 WO1998037310A1 (de) | 1997-02-20 | 1998-02-20 | Turbinenschaufel sowie deren verwendung in einer gasturbinenanlage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0964981A1 true EP0964981A1 (de) | 1999-12-22 |
| EP0964981B1 EP0964981B1 (de) | 2002-12-04 |
Family
ID=7820960
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98914796A Expired - Lifetime EP0964981B1 (de) | 1997-02-20 | 1998-02-20 | Turbinenschaufel sowie deren verwendung in einer gasturbinenanlage |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0964981B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2001511864A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE59806535D1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1998037310A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006069941A1 (de) | 2004-12-24 | 2006-07-06 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Bauteil mit eingebettetem kanal, insbesondere heissgaskomponente einer strömungsmaschine |
| EP3239462A1 (de) * | 2016-04-26 | 2017-11-01 | General Electric Company | Schaufel für einen turbinenmotor |
| US9863254B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2018-01-09 | General Electric Company | Turbine airfoil with local wall thickness control |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5931638A (en) * | 1997-08-07 | 1999-08-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Turbomachinery airfoil with optimized heat transfer |
| DE59810230D1 (de) * | 1997-09-18 | 2003-12-24 | Siemens Ag | Turbinenschaufel sowie verwendung einer turbinenschaufel |
| US6213714B1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-04-10 | Allison Advanced Development Company | Cooled airfoil |
| DE10333304A1 (de) * | 2003-07-15 | 2005-02-03 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Turbinenschaufel mit Prallkühlung |
| JP2011208624A (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-20 | Hitachi Ltd | 高温部材の冷却構造 |
| EP2568118A1 (de) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gasturbinenkomponente |
| EP2584148A1 (de) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Filmgekühlte Turbinenschaufel für eine Strömungsmaschine |
| US9267381B2 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2016-02-23 | Honeywell International Inc. | Cooled turbine airfoil structures |
| US20140102684A1 (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-17 | General Electric Company | Hot gas path component cooling film hole plateau |
| US9328616B2 (en) | 2013-02-01 | 2016-05-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Film-cooled turbine blade for a turbomachine |
| JP2014148938A (ja) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-21 | Siemens Ag | ターボ機械のためのフィルム冷却されるタービンブレード |
| JP6404312B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-10-10 | ユナイテッド テクノロジーズ コーポレイションUnited Technologies Corporation | バッフル、カバー、及び金型の付加製造 |
| US20150096306A1 (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-09 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine airfoil with cooling enhancement |
| US9970319B2 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2018-05-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Reducing variation in cooling hole meter length |
| US10982552B2 (en) * | 2014-09-08 | 2021-04-20 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine component with film cooling hole |
| US10344611B2 (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2019-07-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooled hot section components for a gas turbine engine |
| US11085641B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 | 2021-08-10 | Honeywell International Inc. | Plug resistant effusion holes for gas turbine engine |
| FR3111661B1 (fr) * | 2020-06-22 | 2022-11-04 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Aube de turbine avec système de refroidissement |
| KR102466386B1 (ko) | 2020-09-25 | 2022-11-10 | 두산에너빌리티 주식회사 | 터빈 블레이드 및 이를 포함하는 터빈 |
| KR102817125B1 (ko) * | 2023-03-21 | 2025-06-04 | 두산에너빌리티 주식회사 | 에어포일 및 이를 포함하는 가스 터빈 |
| KR102953259B1 (ko) | 2023-12-26 | 2026-04-17 | 두산에너빌리티 주식회사 | 에어포일 및 이를 포함하는 가스 터빈 |
| US12404775B1 (en) | 2024-09-16 | 2025-09-02 | Rtx Corporation | Turbine blade with cooling channels |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4770608A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1988-09-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Film cooled vanes and turbines |
| US4827587A (en) * | 1988-01-25 | 1989-05-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of fabricating an air cooled turbine blade |
| US5383766A (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1995-01-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooled vane |
| US5405242A (en) | 1990-07-09 | 1995-04-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooled vane |
| GB2262314A (en) * | 1991-12-10 | 1993-06-16 | Rolls Royce Plc | Air cooled gas turbine engine aerofoil. |
-
1998
- 1998-02-20 EP EP98914796A patent/EP0964981B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-20 WO PCT/DE1998/000521 patent/WO1998037310A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1998-02-20 DE DE59806535T patent/DE59806535D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-20 JP JP53616398A patent/JP2001511864A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9837310A1 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006069941A1 (de) | 2004-12-24 | 2006-07-06 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Bauteil mit eingebettetem kanal, insbesondere heissgaskomponente einer strömungsmaschine |
| US9863254B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2018-01-09 | General Electric Company | Turbine airfoil with local wall thickness control |
| EP3239462A1 (de) * | 2016-04-26 | 2017-11-01 | General Electric Company | Schaufel für einen turbinenmotor |
| US12565842B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2026-03-03 | General Electric Company | Airfoil having a film hole |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1998037310A1 (de) | 1998-08-27 |
| JP2001511864A (ja) | 2001-08-14 |
| EP0964981B1 (de) | 2002-12-04 |
| DE59806535D1 (de) | 2003-01-16 |
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