EP0970143A1 - Olefinpolymerzusammensetzungen, enthaltend metallcarboxylat-vernetzungshemmer - Google Patents
Olefinpolymerzusammensetzungen, enthaltend metallcarboxylat-vernetzungshemmerInfo
- Publication number
- EP0970143A1 EP0970143A1 EP98911399A EP98911399A EP0970143A1 EP 0970143 A1 EP0970143 A1 EP 0970143A1 EP 98911399 A EP98911399 A EP 98911399A EP 98911399 A EP98911399 A EP 98911399A EP 0970143 A1 EP0970143 A1 EP 0970143A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- ethylene polymer
- polymer
- metal carboxylate
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 title description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010504 bond cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 24
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012967 coordination catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012632 extractable Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001175 rotational moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- RGASRBUYZODJTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl)-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O.C(C)(C)(C)C1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(O)(C(CO)(CO)CO)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C RGASRBUYZODJTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXALMAQOPWXPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CC(=C)C(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O MXALMAQOPWXPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZRWFKGUFWPFID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,9-dioctadecoxy-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound C1OP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCC21COP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC2 PZRWFKGUFWPFID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[3,5-bis[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C1CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123457 Free radical scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPTAFUFSKASLJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(O)OP(O)O.C1=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12 Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O.C1=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12 BPTAFUFSKASLJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000034 Plastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920010346 Very Low Density Polyethylene (VLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010102 injection blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013627 low molecular weight specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
- C08K5/098—Metal salts of carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0807—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing four or more carbon atoms
- C08L23/0815—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing four or more carbon atoms with aliphatic 1-olefins containing one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2314/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by way of preparation
- C08L2314/06—Metallocene or single site catalysts
Definitions
- the invention relates to linear low density ethylene polymer compositions stabilized to inhibit crosslinking during melt processing.
- LDPE Low density polyethylene
- free radical initiators typically has a density in the range of 0.915-0.940 g/cm 3 .
- LDPE is also known as
- branched polyethylene because of the relatively large number of long chain branches extending from the main polymer backbone.
- High density polyethylene usually has a density in the range of greater than 0.940 to 0.960 g/cm 3 .
- HDPE is prepared using a coordination catalyst e.g.,
- HDPE Ziegler-Natta type catalysts, at low, moderate or high pressures.
- HDPE is generally linear without any substantial side chain branching, and is a substantially a crystalline polymer.
- Linear low density polyethylene (“LLDPE”) is generally prepared in the same manner as HDPE, but incorporates a relatively minor amount of alpha-olefin comonomer such as butene, hexene or octene to introduce enough short chain branches into the otherwise linear polymer to reduce the density of the resultant polymer into the range of that of LDPE. Introducing larger concentrations of comonomer can also reduce the density of the ethylene copolymers into the 0.900 to 0.915 g/cm range of very low density polyethylene (VLDPE) and in the "plastomer range" (i.e. 0.88-0.90 g/cm 3 ).
- VLDPE very low density polyethylene
- the Ziegler/Natta coordination catalysts used to copolymerize ethylene and the alpha-olefin generally produce an LLDPE with a relatively broad weight molecular weight distribution, i.e., Mw/Mn greater than about 3.
- Such LLDPE's also have relatively broad compositions in that the proportion of alpha-olefin comonomer molecules incorporated into the polymer molecules varies.
- the lower molecular weight polymer molecules contain a relatively higher proportion of the alpha-olefin comonomer than the higher molecular weight polymer molecules.
- a polyethylene such as LLDPE having a broad molecular weight distribution is undesirable in many respects, depending on the desired end use application.
- LLDPE resins known in the prior art containing relatively high molecular weight molecules are subject to orientation which results in anisotropic properties in the machine versus transverse direction of a fabrication process.
- LLDPE resins containing relatively lower molecular weight molecules, in which the comonomer is invariably concentrated tend to exhibit high block and tackiness in fabricated films.
- These lower molecular weight, highly branched molecules interfere with the proper function of certain additives compounded in the resin, increase the percentage of extractable polymer, and increase fouling in the polymerization plant.
- the relatively high alpha-olefin comonomer content of these low molecular weight polymer molecules causes such polymer molecules to be generally amorphous and to exude to the surface of fabricated parts, thereby producing an undesirable sticky surface.
- Prior art polyethylenes such as LLDPE also generally tend to have a very broad, non-uniform distribution of comonomer content, i.e., some polymer molecules have a relatively high alpha-olefin comonomer content while others have a relatively low content.
- the polymer molecules of low comonomer content are relatively more crystalline and have a high melting temperature, whereas the high comonomer content polymer molecules are more amorphous and melt at a lower temperature.
- the presence of a higher melting component is disadvantageous in many applications, for example where softness or clarity is desired.
- the presence of a lower melting component frequently results in a high quantity of extractables, which limit food contact applications.
- LLDPE polymers based upon copolymers of ethylene and a minor content of at least one alpha-olefin comonomer. These polymers are prepared preferably using a metallocene transition metal catalyst and exhibit an average molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of ⁇ _3 and a compositional distribution breadth index (CDBI) of at least 50%. These copolymers and their method of preparation are more particularly disclosed in US Patent 5,382,631, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the branching alpha-olefin comonomer tends to be more uniformly and randomly distributed along the polymer chain rather than concentrated in the lower molecular weight fractions of chain molecules as is the case with prior art LLDPE described above. Because of this more uniform comonomer distribution and a narrow molecular weight distribution, the newer LLDPE materials avoid many of the disadvantages of conventional LLDPE materials as described above, particularly when used to prepare films for packaging applications.
- the metallocene-polymerized LLDPE polymers tend to have a higher susceptibility towards molecular crosslinking when subjected to thermoform shearing forces, e.g. extrusion, than the conventional LLDPE materials such as prepared using Ziegler/Natta transition metal catalyst systems.
- This crosslinking phenomena is reflected by gels present in extruded film and by a decrease in the melt index of the polymer after extrusion. It is believed that this phenomena is caused by the organometallic structures of the metallocene catalyst residues and their silica supports present in the LLDPE polymer, from which free radicals can be generated under the high heat conditions of extrusion.
- thermal degradation processes in conventional LLDPE tends to produce more low molecular weight species which serve to plasticize the polymer
- thermal degradation processes in metallocene polymerized LLDPE tends to favor increased crosslinking of the molecular chains, likely because the short chain branches are more randomly spaced along the polymer chains and thus less susceptible to scission.
- the invention provides a composition
- a composition comprising a mixture of: (a) a linear low density ethylene polymer containing from about 1-30 mol% of at least one alpha- olefin comonomer and having an average molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of ⁇ 3 and a compositional distribution breadth index of at least 50%; and (b) at least one metal carboxylate of a Ci to C 22 saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid, said metal carboxylate present in said composition in an amount sufficient to inhibit crosslinking of said composition when said composition is heated under conditions of shear at a temperature above the melting point of said ethylene polymer.
- the invention also provides a process for melt processing a polymer composition
- a process for melt processing a polymer composition comprising: (a) forming a composition comprising a mixture of a linear low density ethylene polymer containing from about 1-30 mol% of at least one alpha-olefin comonomer and having an average molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of ⁇ 3 and a compositional distribution breadth index of at least 50%, and at least about 0.005 wt.%, based on the weight of said ethylene polymer, of a metal carboxylate of a C r C ⁇ carboxylic acid; (b) thermoforming said composition to form a shaped article at a temperature above the melting point of said ethylene polymer under mixing conditions of shear sufficient to cause scission of at least some of the polymer chains of said ethylene polymer; and (c) recovering said shaped article.
- Shaped articles e.g. films, prepared by mixing and shaping the polymer composition of this invention exhibit a lower degree of crosslinking as evidenced by less gel formation in the extruded film and a higher polymer melt index after thermoforming than an otherwise identical composition which is free of the metal carboxylate stabilizer.
- the linear low density ethylene (LLDPE) polymer component of the present invention is a copolymer (interpolymer) of from about 70-99 mol% of ethylene and from about 1-30 mol% of one or more alpha-olefin comonomers, said polymer having a density in the range of from about 0.9 to about 0.94 g/cm .
- the preferred alpha-olefin content of the ethylene polymer lies in the range of from about 2-15 mol%.
- the molecular weight of the LLDPE component may range from 1,000 to 1,000,000 or more depending on the particular end use, preferably 10 4 -10 5 , and especially 2x10 -5x10 .
- the terms "average molecular weight” and “molecular weight” refer to weight average molecular weight unless otherwise indicated.
- the linear polyethylene component preferably has a narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD).
- MWD narrow molecular weight distribution
- MWD narrow MWD
- MWD is meant that the ratio of the weight average molecular weight (M w ) to the number average molecular weight (M Thread) is less than or equal to 3.0.
- Particularly preferred are the linear polyethylene components having a very narrow MWD, i.e. M ⁇ /M,, less than or equal to 2.5, and especially less than or equal to 2.0.
- Molecular weight distributions of ethylene interpolymers are readily determined by techniques known in the art, such as, for example, size exclusion or gel permeation chromatography.
- the linear polyethylene component preferably has a composition distribution (CD) such that the composition distribution breadth index (CDBI) is at least 50%, more preferably greater than about 60% and most preferably greater than about 70%.
- CDBI composition distribution breadth index
- CDBI is a measure of composition distribution, and is defined as the weight percent of the copolymer molecules having a comonomer content within 50% (that is, 25% on each side) of the median total molar comonomer content.
- the CDBI of a copolymer is readily determined utilizing well known techniques for isolating individual fractions of a sample of the copolymer. One such technique is Temperature Rising Elution Fraction (TREF), as described in Wild et al., J. Poly. Sci., Poly. Phys. Ed., vol. 20, p. 441 (1982), which is incorporated herein by reference.
- TREF Temperature Rising Elution Fraction
- a solubility distribution curve is first generated for the copolymer. This may be accomplished using data acquired from TREF techniques described above. This solubility distribution curve is a plot of the weight fraction of the copolymer that is solubilized as a function of temperature. This is converted to a weight fraction versus composition distribution curve. For the purpose of simplifying the correlation of composition with elution temperature, the weight fractions less than 15,000 are ignored. These low weight fractions generally represent a trivial portion of the polymer. The remainder of this description and the appended claims maintain this convention of ignoring weight fractions below 15,000 in the CDBI measurements.
- CDBI is determined by establishing what weight percent of the sample has comonomer content within 25% each side of the median comonomer content. Further details of determining CDBI of a copolymer are known to those skilled in the art, see, for example, PCT Patent Application WO 93/03093, published February 18, 1993.
- the linear polyethylene of the invention may be prepared by the use of activated catalyst systems of the metallocene type known to provide narrow CD/MWD resins.
- Cyclopentadienylide catalyst systems using a metallocene complex in conjunction with an alumoxane cocatalyst or reaction product thereof are suitable for preparing the polymer components utilized in the invention.
- catalyst systems with ionizing cocatalysts capable of providing non-coordinating anions will also be suitable in this regard.
- Various forms of the catalyst system of the metallocene type may be used for polymerization to prepare the polymer components of the present invention including those of the homogenous or the heterogenous, supported catalyst type wherein the catalyst and alumoxane cocatalyst are together supported or reacted together onto an inert support for polymerization by gas-phase, high pressure, slurry, or solution polymerization.
- Metal carboxylates which are suitable as crosslinking retarders in this invention include metal salts of carboxylic acids having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms includes the carboxylic acid group.
- Typical acids are monocarboxylic saturated or unsaturated acids such as formic, acetic, heptylic, caprylic, capric, lauric, palmitic, stearic and behenic acids as well as their unsaturated analogs such as oleic and ricinoleic acids.
- the carboxylic acid may also include aromatic acids such as benzoic or naphthenic acid and their derivatives.
- Suitable salt-forming cations include zinc, calcium, copper, cadmium, aluminum, sodium, potassium, nickel, magnesium, barium, lead and iron, most preferably cations of Group I to Group III metals of the Periodic Table.
- the most preferred carboxylates include zinc acetate and zinc stearate.
- the quantity of metal carboxylate added to the ethylene polymer composition to hinder polymer crosslinking may generally range from about 0.005 up to about 1 wt.%, more preferably from about 0.01 up to about 0.5 wt.%, and most preferably from about 0.01 up to about 0.25 wt.%, based on the weight of the ethylene polymer present in the composition.
- composition of the invention may also include a blend of the LLDPE of the invention with up to about 50 wt.%, based on total polymer content, of one or more different olefin polymers such as other low, medium or high density polyethylenes, polypropylene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene and like thermoplastics.
- the composition also contains one or more antioxidant (stabilizer) materials, such as phenolic, phosphite or phosphonite antioxidants.
- antioxidant stabilizer
- Suitable phenolic antioxidants which may be used include polyalkyl-substituted phenols such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, octadecyl-3-(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4'- hydroxyphenyl) propio-nate, octadecyl-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydro- cinnamate), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-me-thylphenol, tetrakis (methylene-3(3', 5'-di-t-butyl- 4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) meth-ane, 1 ,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxybenzyl) benzene, l,3,5-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyan
- Suitable phosphite and phosphonite stabilizers which can be used include alkyl and aryl phospites such as tri-n-octyl, tri-n-decyl and tri (mixed mono and dinonyl phenyl) phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite; tetrakis (2,4-t-butylphenyl)- 4,4' biphenylene diphosphite; bis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)-pentaerythritol diphosphite; tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite; and like materials.
- the most preferred stabilizes are those having the formula:
- R is C 2 -C lg alkyl or alkyl-substituted phenyl.
- a particularly preferred phosphite is of the above formula wherein R is -C ⁇ 8 H 37 , marketed by Borg Warner under the tradename WESTONTM619, or WESTONTM399. Mixtures of phenolic and phosphite antioxidants may also be used.
- the antioxidant is preferably added to the composition at a level of from about 100 to about 5,000 parts per million, more preferably 150 to 2500 parts per million, based on the polymer content of the composition.
- the composition may also contain one or more adjuvant materials which are commonly employed in ethylene polymer-based extrudable compositions, including plasticizers, fillers, pigments, lubricants, slip agents, processing aids, dyes, pigments and like materials.
- adjuvant materials which are commonly employed in ethylene polymer-based extrudable compositions, including plasticizers, fillers, pigments, lubricants, slip agents, processing aids, dyes, pigments and like materials.
- the composition may also contain additional decomposition inhibitors or free radical scavengers such as zinc or magnesium oxide, polyakylene glycol anti- gelation agents such as polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol. These components or combinations thereof may be generally present in the composition at levels in the range of from about 0.01 to about 1 wt%, based on the weight of the polymer component of the composition.
- compositions may be incorporated into the composition either at the time of polymer composition is pelletized or by the user as a separate additive package prior to the thermoforming of the composition to form shaped articles.
- the polymer composition of this invention may be thermoformed to form shaped articles such as films, containers and molded three dimensional articles by well known techniques such as blown film or cast film extrusion, uni- or biaxial orientation, blow molding, injection molding or rotomolding.
- the polymer composition is first mixed under conditions of shear in a suitable mixing device such as a screw extruder, Banbury mixer or Brabender plasticorder and heated to a temperature above the melting point of the polymer components of the composition, generally in the range of about 140 °C up to about 350 °C, more preferably from about 150 °C to about 300 °C.
- Tubular film may be prepared using an extruder/mixer by passing the extrudate through an annular die in an upward or downward direction and the resulting tubular film expanded to the desired extent using a pressurized gas, cooled and flattened, followed by slitting to form a film.
- shaped articles such as bottles, lids and other molded shapes may be prepared by subjecting extrudate or molten polymer to well known injection molding, blow molding or rotomolding techniques.
- ECD 103 - a metallocene/alumoxane polymerized copolymer of ethylene and about 3 mol% hexene - MI of 1.04 dg./min, density of 0.9169 g/cm , and an ash of 274 ppm.
- ECD 103' - a metallocene/alumoxane polymerized copolymer of ethylene and about 3 mol% hexene - MI of 1.13 dg./min, density of 0.9161 g/cm , and an ash of 544 ppm.
- LLDPE 3001 Ziegler/Natta polymerized copolymer of ethylene and about 3 mol% hexene - MI of 0.88 dg/min, density of 0.9187 g/cm 3 , and an ash of 367 ppm.
- a series of 12 different formulations as described in Table 1 were prepared by mixing the indicated ingredients in a small scale Brabender plasticorder at 250 °C for the times indicated in Table 1. The resulting blends were evaluated for Melt Index (MI - ASTM 1238 - Cond. E), Flow Index (HMJ. - ASTM 1238 - Cond F), Melt Index Ratio (MIR - Flow Index/Melt Index) and Swell Ratio (SR), which is a measure of the diameter of the polymer strand extruded in the MI measurement and is inversely proportional to the melt index.
- MI Melt Index
- HMJ. - ASTM 1238 - Cond F Flow Index
- MIR - Flow Index/Melt Index Melt Index Ratio
- Swell Ratio Swell Ratio
- Formulations 1-2, 5-6 and 9-10 contain zinc oxide (ZnO) which is a known additive for minimizing the formation of free radical groups, while formulations 3-4, 7-8 and 11-12 contain zinc acetate, an additive within the scope of the invention.
- ZnO zinc oxide
- Comparison of the met index and melt flow properties show that the compositions based on the metallocene polymerized ethylene polymer containing the zinc acetate additive exhibit an increase in melt index and melt flow properties which is indicative of a reduced crosslinking propensity under the conditions of shear mixing. This effect is less predominant with respect to samples 11 and 12 as compared with samples 9 and 10 which each contain a Ziegler/Natta polymerized ethylene polymer.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US82373997A | 1997-03-25 | 1997-03-25 | |
| US823739 | 1997-03-25 | ||
| PCT/US1998/003504 WO1998042777A1 (en) | 1997-03-25 | 1998-02-23 | Olefin polymer compositions containing metal carboxylate cross-linking retarders |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0970143A1 true EP0970143A1 (de) | 2000-01-12 |
Family
ID=25239595
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98911399A Withdrawn EP0970143A1 (de) | 1997-03-25 | 1998-02-23 | Olefinpolymerzusammensetzungen, enthaltend metallcarboxylat-vernetzungshemmer |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0970143A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2001518136A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2283482A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1998042777A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1834983A1 (de) * | 2006-03-14 | 2007-09-19 | Ineos Europe Limited | Polymerfilme |
| US20140248480A1 (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2014-09-04 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Multilayer Film and Method of Making Same |
| CN121729451A (zh) * | 2023-08-22 | 2026-03-24 | Sabic环球技术有限责任公司 | 具有减少的凝胶形成的聚乙烯组合物和包含这种组合物的膜 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE425793B (sv) * | 1981-04-16 | 1982-11-08 | Unifos Kemi Ab | Anvendning av en etenpolymerbaserad komposition for framstellning av film |
| US5338589A (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1994-08-16 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Polyethylene molding composition |
| AU684911B2 (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1998-01-08 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Gas fade resistant ultraviolet additive formulations for polyethylene |
| CA2180012A1 (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1995-10-12 | Shih-May Christine Ong | Lldpe resin blends |
| WO1996032441A1 (en) * | 1995-04-13 | 1996-10-17 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Improved processability of metallocene-catalyzed polyolefins |
-
1998
- 1998-02-23 CA CA002283482A patent/CA2283482A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-02-23 WO PCT/US1998/003504 patent/WO1998042777A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-02-23 JP JP54570298A patent/JP2001518136A/ja active Pending
- 1998-02-23 EP EP98911399A patent/EP0970143A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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| Title |
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| See references of WO9842777A1 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1998042777A1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
| JP2001518136A (ja) | 2001-10-09 |
| CA2283482A1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
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