EP0971017A2 - Procédé et appareil pour la gazéification d'un combustible solide sous forme de morceaux - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour la gazéification d'un combustible solide sous forme de morceaux Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0971017A2
EP0971017A2 EP99112863A EP99112863A EP0971017A2 EP 0971017 A2 EP0971017 A2 EP 0971017A2 EP 99112863 A EP99112863 A EP 99112863A EP 99112863 A EP99112863 A EP 99112863A EP 0971017 A2 EP0971017 A2 EP 0971017A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
fuel
degassing
lean gas
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99112863A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0971017A3 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Dipl.-Ing. Gores
Jutta Dipl.-Ing. Herzogenrath
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Krantz TKT GmbH
Original Assignee
Krantz TKT GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krantz TKT GmbH filed Critical Krantz TKT GmbH
Publication of EP0971017A2 publication Critical patent/EP0971017A2/fr
Publication of EP0971017A3 publication Critical patent/EP0971017A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C10K3/008—Reducing the tar content by cracking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1246—Heating the gasifier by external or indirect heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the gasification of a solid fuel in particulate form to a combustible lean gas, the fuel being heated in a degassing reactor to a temperature T 1 such that gasification associated with its pyrolysis takes place.
  • the invention further relates to a device for performing such a method.
  • a particularly interesting way of gasifying wood is with the lean gas generated the internal combustion engines or gas turbines of a combined heat and power plant to operate. Combined heat and power plants stand out due to the combined heat and power by their very high efficiency.
  • the flow of the fuel is conducted in the opposite direction to the flow of the lean gas.
  • So-called ascending countercurrent gasifier in which an oxidation zone of the fuel forms above a grate. Above it is a reduction zone, which in turn is overlaid by the pyrolysis zone in which the fuel gasification takes place
  • the counterflow gasifier is removed, where new fuel is also fed in.
  • a second known method for gasification provides that the flow of the fuel and the flow of the lean gas run in the same direction.
  • Devices for performing this method are called descending direct current gasifier "and are provided with a cross-sectional constriction in the area of the oxidation zone in order to ensure that the glow bed is supplied with air or the oxidizing agent as evenly as possible. As a result, the most uniform possible oxidation zone is to be formed over the entire cross section.
  • a disadvantage of the DC gasifiers is that they are very are sensitive to differences in the fuel size. Furthermore is the controllability very poor, especially if the oxidation zone is even should extend over the entire cross section of the carburetor. Furthermore, Such types of carburettors are very difficult to design for outputs above 1 MW.
  • a wood gasifier for cogeneration plants has become known as a gasifier which uses the fluidized bed technology known from large power plants.
  • the core of the gasifier is a reactor, into which air is blown from the underside, which whirls up a bed of sand mixed with wood chips. While the particles go up whirled, the wood burns up, producing a flammable lean gas.
  • the lean gas must be fed to a cyclone separator be used to separate sand and ashes that enter the swirl chamber via a siphon to be led back.
  • the lean gas must be one Gas cooler and then fed to a secondary cyclone in which a deposition from fly ash.
  • the separation of filter ash before the lean gas finally becomes a gas engine can be supplied.
  • the invention has for its object a method for the gasification of a solid To propose fuel, in which a flammable lean gas in a simple manner is generated that an internal combustion engine without further cleaning measures can be supplied.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that the lean gas formed is heated in a post-treatment reactor to a temperature T 2 such that long-chain and / or cyclic hydrocarbon compounds contained in the lean gas are thermally split.
  • the thermal breakdown of the long-chain and / or (poly) cyclic hydrocarbon compounds by realizing a sufficiently long dwell time of the Gases in a hot environment is a very elegant way to get around Process end product after the aftertreatment reactor to obtain a lean gas, fed directly to an internal combustion engine without further treatment can be.
  • the weak gas thus obtained contains almost no tar compounds and no more dust and burns almost soot-free with a bluish flame. Even in continuous operation with a lean gas, that with the invention Process was produced, there were no faults in test engines or failures.
  • the weak gas obtained has a particularly high Calorific value.
  • a dilution, such as when using Air as an oxidizing agent due to the nitrogen it contains can affect this Way can be prevented.
  • the degassed fuel is advantageously oxidized in a combustion reactor, the heat released for heating the fuel in the degassing reactor is used.
  • the supply of the oxidizing agent to the combustion reactor is thus decoupled from the degassing of the fuel in the degassing reactor.
  • the invention Processes can be controlled or regulated particularly well in this way.
  • the temperature T 2 is at least 600 ° C, preferably 800 ° C to 1000 ° C.
  • a device for the gasification of a piece of fuel into a combustible lean gas has a degassing reactor in which the fuel can be heated to a temperature such that gasification associated with its pyrolysis occurs and is characterized according to the invention by an aftertreatment reactor for the lean gas, in which it can be heated to a temperature T 2 such that long-chain and / or (poly) cyclic hydrocarbon compounds contained in the lean gas can be thermally split.
  • the fuel in the degassing reactor can be heated indirectly via at least one heat exchanger surface. This can prevent the lean gas from being diluted with air, nitrogen or CO 2, for example, as would be the case with heating by combustion gases. The entry of ash from the oxidation of the degassed fuel is also avoided.
  • a particularly simple controllability of the device results when the fuel oxidizable in a combustion reactor separate from the degassing reactor is.
  • an embodiment of the device offers particular advantages in which the aftertreatment reactor is arranged inside the combustion reactor and this is arranged inside the degassing reactor.
  • the zones of highest temperatures are in this arrangement in a central area of the device, the as Isolation "acting edge areas (degassing reactor) can cover their energy needs in the form of waste heat from the combustion reactor.
  • the aftertreatment reactor is in the form of a tube spiral. This will create a large heat transfer area and a sufficiently long residence time of the Low gas guaranteed in the aftertreatment reactor.
  • the degassing reactor and Combustion reactor form a fuel reactor unit through which the fuel following the force of gravity, which is counter to gravity from the Fuel reactor unit flowing lean gas in the arranged next to this Aftertreatment reactor can be conducted with the fuel reactor unit in the area has a common wall in a combustion zone.
  • the fuel is transported in a simple manner by the action of gravity, and the lean gas is the appropriate channels Area of the combustion zone.
  • the aftertreatment reactor and the combustion reactor so that it there is no dilution effect of the weak gas.
  • the fuel reactor unit on its underside is provided with a conveyor with which the fuel in the area of a combustion zone in the lateral direction below a section of the aftertreatment reactor is eligible.
  • an embodiment of the device according to the invention also provides that heat exchanger surfaces of the aftertreatment reactor with catalytically active Fabrics are provided, reducing the degree of implementation of the long chain and / or (Poly) cyclic hydrocarbon compounds further increased or the required Dwell time can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates that wood and water are fed to a degassing reactor 1.
  • a heat exchanger surface 2 of the degassing reactor 1 transfers the heat of flue gas, which comes from a combustion reactor 3, to the wood in the degassing reactor 1, whereby this is gasified to a lean gas, leaving only coal.
  • the coal is conveyed to the combustion reactor 3 by means of suitable conveying means - indicated by the dash-dotted line 4 - where it is burned to ashes with the supply of air.
  • the energy released during coal combustion is transferred via a heat exchanger surface 5 into an aftertreatment reactor 6, in which the lean gas coming from the degassing reactor 1 is heated to a temperature such that tar-like substances are thermally split.
  • FIG. 2 shows the basic structure of a discontinuously operating gasifier, in which three reactors are arranged coaxially to one another:
  • the spiral-shaped aftertreatment reactor is located inside the device 11 12 through which the initially tar-containing lean gas is passed.
  • the aftertreatment reactor 12 is located inside the tubular combustion reactor 13, in which the degassed glowing charcoal is located Ash burns.
  • the combustion reactor 13 In its lower section, the combustion reactor 13 has one Grate 14, through which the resulting ash into an ash container 15 falls.
  • Below the grate 14 is the combustion reactor 13 with a nozzle 16 provided for the supply of combustion air. The exhaust gas leaves the combustion reactor 13 at the top.
  • the combustion reactor 13 is surrounded on all sides by the degassing reactor 17 in where the wood to be gasified is. Because of the heat given off by the combustion reactor 13 the wood in the degassing reactor is heated to such a temperature heated that a gasification associated with the pyrolysis of the wood takes place.
  • the tar-containing lean gas formed during the gasification is by a End connector 18 of the aftertreatment reactor 12 is introduced into and leaves the latter this as tar-free and low calorific gas.
  • the walls of the degassing reactor 17 are provided with insulation 19 on all sides, to keep the heat loss of the device 11 low.
  • the feed of the Wood in the degassing reactor 17 and the transport of the degassed charcoal from the degassing reactor 17 into the combustion reactor 13 is in the drawing not shown, but can be done using known conveyor technology, so that the method can also be operated continuously.
  • a nozzle 20 can Degassing reactor 17 water are supplied.
  • the degassing reactor and the Combustion reactor a fuel reactor unit 22.
  • this fuel reactor unit 22 Within this fuel reactor unit 22 is the degassing zone 23 of the upper area wood fed from above, while in a lower area the combustion zone 24 for the charcoal.
  • the ashes fall through a grate 25 into an ash collecting container 26 through a nozzle 27 the supply of the combustion zone 24 with combustion air possible.
  • the aftertreatment reactor is located to the side of the fuel reactor unit 22 28, in which the lean gas flows in from above after being in an upper one Area 29 of the fuel reactor unit 22 was deflected.
  • a good heat conductor Wall 30 seals fuel reactor unit 22 from the aftertreatment reactor 28 from.
  • the device 31 shown in FIG. 4 has a structure which is comparable in principle like the device 21 shown in FIG. 3, but is in the region of the combustion zone 32 provided with a conveyor 33, the glowing charcoal in a region to the side next to the degassing zone 34.
  • the fuel reactor unit 35 therefore has the shape of an L. This also applies accordingly to the Post-treatment reactor arranged laterally next to the fuel reactor unit 35 36.
  • a very large contact area 38 can be of the aftertreatment reactor 36 can be achieved with the combustion zone 32, whereby there is a particularly effective thermal decomposition in the weak gas contained tar compounds results.
  • An advantage of the device described above is that due to the combined Fuel reactor unit a transport of the degassed fuel from a Degassing reactor in a combustion reactor is not required.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
EP99112863A 1998-07-09 1999-07-03 Procédé et appareil pour la gazéification d'un combustible solide sous forme de morceaux Withdrawn EP0971017A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19830765 1998-07-09
DE1998130765 DE19830765A1 (de) 1998-07-09 1998-07-09 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung eines in stückiger Form vorliegenden festen Brennstoffs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0971017A2 true EP0971017A2 (fr) 2000-01-12
EP0971017A3 EP0971017A3 (fr) 2000-03-15

Family

ID=7873509

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99112863A Withdrawn EP0971017A3 (fr) 1998-07-09 1999-07-03 Procédé et appareil pour la gazéification d'un combustible solide sous forme de morceaux

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0971017A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE19830765A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005026296A1 (fr) 2003-09-16 2005-03-24 Anker Jarl Jacobsen Procede et appareil de production d'un gaz de synthese a partir d'une biomasse
WO2017093329A1 (fr) 2015-12-01 2017-06-08 A J Inventing V/A Jarl Jacobsen Procédé et appareil de stockage d'énergie renouvelable sous forme de gaz

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10033453B4 (de) * 2000-07-10 2006-11-02 Herhof Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verwertung von Stoffen und Stoffgemischen, die organische Bestandteile enthalten
DE10225728A1 (de) * 2002-06-11 2004-01-22 Kecke, Thilo Hochdruckholzvergasung zum Betrieb von Gas-Gleichdruckkolbenmotoren
DE102006061583A1 (de) 2006-12-27 2008-07-03 Achim Solbach Energiewandlungssystem für feste Biomasse und andere energetische, vergasbare Stoffe

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4142867A (en) * 1974-07-04 1979-03-06 Karl Kiener Apparatus for the production of combustible gas
DE2910996B2 (de) * 1978-12-22 1981-04-09 Peter 5439 Bretthausen Voelskow Einrichtungen zur Entgasung von Abfällen
DE2938912C2 (de) * 1979-09-26 1982-02-18 Franz Kaiser KG, 8949 Salgen Anlage und Verfahren zur Schwelung brennbarer Abfallstoffe
DE3147141A1 (de) * 1981-11-27 1983-09-29 Franz Kaiser KG, 8949 Salgen Verfahren zur gewinnung von pyrolysegas zu brennbaren abfallstoffen und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3239624A1 (de) * 1982-10-26 1984-04-26 Kiener Pyrolyse Gesellschaft für thermische Abfallverwertung mbH, 7000 Stuttgart Gasgenerator
LU85468A1 (fr) * 1984-07-16 1986-02-12 Cockerill Mech Ind Sa Dispositif de gazeification de dechets
DE3529374A1 (de) * 1985-08-16 1987-02-26 Schnettler Reiner Generator zur vergasung von holz, torf, braunkohle und biomasse
AT390961B (de) * 1986-08-14 1990-07-25 Voest Alpine Ag Vergasungsreaktor fuer die herstellung brennbarer gase aus abfaellen
DE4413668C2 (de) * 1994-04-20 1997-02-27 Franz Austermann Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von Spänen, Schnitzeln und dergleichen aus verkohlbaren Stoffen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005026296A1 (fr) 2003-09-16 2005-03-24 Anker Jarl Jacobsen Procede et appareil de production d'un gaz de synthese a partir d'une biomasse
US7951212B2 (en) 2003-09-16 2011-05-31 Jacobsen Anker J Method and apparatus for producing synthesis gas from biomass
WO2017093329A1 (fr) 2015-12-01 2017-06-08 A J Inventing V/A Jarl Jacobsen Procédé et appareil de stockage d'énergie renouvelable sous forme de gaz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0971017A3 (fr) 2000-03-15
DE19830765A1 (de) 2000-01-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2545142B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour produire du gaz de synthèse et pour faire fonctionner un moteur à combustion interne au moyen de ce gaz
EP1226222B1 (fr) Procede de gazeification de matieres organiques et melanges de matieres
DE102004024672B4 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines teerfreien Schwachgases durch Vergasung von Biomasse
DE69608140T2 (de) Methode und vorrichtung zur verwendung von biobrennstoff oder abfallmaterial in der energieproduktion
EP0441788B1 (fr) Procede allothermique pour produire un gaz combustible a partir d'ordures menageres ou d'ordures menageres conjointement avec du charbon, et dispositif permettant la mise en uvre du procede
CH615215A5 (fr)
DE112007003336B4 (de) Brennstoff-Vergasungssystem
DE19930071A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Pyrolyse und Vergasung von organischen Stoffen und Stoffgemischen
EP2265696A2 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de transformation de matières brutes carbonées
EP0031351A1 (fr) Procede et installation pour la gazeification de combustibles en morceaux
DE102008047201B4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Produktion von Synthesegas und zum Betreiben eines Verbrennungsmotors damit
DE112007003339B4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von Vergasungsbrennstoff
DE202009012833U1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Vergasung fester Brennstoffe
DE2609320A1 (de) Kohlevergasungseinrichtung
DE102008027858A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines teerfreien Brenngases
DE102007041624A1 (de) Verfahren und Anlage zur Erzeugung eines teerarmen Brenngases
DE102006017355A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erreichen von besseren Wärmeübergängen bei der Verwendung von Impulsbrennern
EP0971017A2 (fr) Procédé et appareil pour la gazéification d'un combustible solide sous forme de morceaux
DE202006009174U1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Brenngas aus einem festen Brennstoff
DE3877347T2 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur sauberen verbrennung von abfaellen.
DE69002446T2 (de) Vorrichtung zum Vergasen fester Brennstoffe.
AT506919B1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vergasung fester brennstoffe
DE19718184C2 (de) Vorrichtung zur energetischen Nutzung von Brennstoffen, insbesondere Biobrennstoffen
EP1167492A2 (fr) Procédé et installation pour la production d' un gaz combustible à partir de biomasse
AT405937B (de) Verfahren zur erzeugung eines stickstoffarmen gases und vergasungsanlage

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Free format text: 7C 10J 3/64 A, 7C 10B 53/00 B

AKX Designation fees paid
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20000916

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8566