EP0977909B1 - Dünne, feinporige metallschicht - Google Patents
Dünne, feinporige metallschicht Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0977909B1 EP0977909B1 EP98916815A EP98916815A EP0977909B1 EP 0977909 B1 EP0977909 B1 EP 0977909B1 EP 98916815 A EP98916815 A EP 98916815A EP 98916815 A EP98916815 A EP 98916815A EP 0977909 B1 EP0977909 B1 EP 0977909B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- suspension
- metal layer
- thickness
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention relates to an open metal layer Porosity.
- Porous metal layers consisting of fabric and nonwoven are known of the type mentioned, in particular can be used as a filter.
- a metallic fleece If a metallic fleece is used, it can small pore sizes in the micrometer range can be achieved. Then the fleece thickness is at least one half a millimeter. The layer thicknesses of the aforementioned Furthermore, nonwovens cannot be manufactured very precisely. Relatively large tolerances have to be accepted become.
- Ceramics and plastics used as filter materials are also relatively thick, however, and it occurs a correspondingly large flow resistance. Also ductility is not guaranteed. For many purposes further represents the brittleness of the ceramic Material is a disadvantage.
- plastic is used as filter material, so are no increased operating temperatures possible.
- Plastic is not a suitable filter material for application purposes because it does not meet the requirements can be sterilized, e.g. B. in medical or required in the food sector are. The filter can be used again Cases not possible.
- EP 570 889 67 describes a process for the production a porous layer on a metal surface, where a mixture of binder, metallic Powder and brazing filler made of metal powder with specific grain size as a suspension on the metal surface is applied. This will then heated and sintered.
- DE-A 2 323 878 describes a method for coating described a metal substance. This will start with a binder solution with volatile and low volatility Components applied to the metal substrate. Subsequently we applied metal powder to this layer. First, the volatile components evaporated. Then, by heating too the volatile components evaporate. Another Heating leads to the formation of one with the metal substrate connected porous metal layer.
- a method is also known from FR-A 2 520 265 for the production of a particle-bound heat pipe wick on inner walls of a heat pipe.
- the particles e.g. B. +325 stainless steel microspheres up to -100 mesh (44 - 149 ⁇ m) in a suitable diameter Binder solution suspended and on the heat pipe wall painted.
- the binder is at 400 ° C evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the green layer thus obtained is at 1250 ⁇ 50 ° C for Sintered for 2 hours.
- the object of the invention is to produce a temperature-resistant, sterilizable, simple and reproducible metal layer to be produced with continuous Porosity that is ductile, mechanically stable and elastic is and at - if they are used as a filter will occur - low flow pressure losses. Microfiltration tasks with the metal layer are also intended can be perceived.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a maximum 500 ⁇ m thick metal layer, in other words through solved a metal foil that has an effective pore diameter has up to a twelfth, preferably up to a fifteenth of the layer thickness of the Metal layer.
- the channels are here as pores to understand who is going through the layer Create open porosity. Occasional "cavities" due to inhomogeneities there are no pores in the The meaning of the claim.
- the layer thickness one according to the invention from particles or from powder produced porous layer at least three times is larger than the average particle diameter.
- the effective Pore diameter in particular up to a quarter, preferably up to a fifth of the average particle or powder grain diameter of the used Powder.
- the effective size of the pores is the cause continuous (open) porosity, up to 500/12 mm, i.e. up to approx. 40 ⁇ m. Expressed differently this means that substances smaller than approx. 40 ⁇ m to be able to pass through the metal layer.
- the layer thickness should at least three times as thick as the powder diameter, So be at least 150 ⁇ m to inhomogeneities cavity problems due to the material are reliable to avoid.
- the effective pore diameter of the The layer is then regularly up to 50/4 ⁇ m (3 * 50/12 ⁇ m), preferably up to 50/5 ⁇ m (3 * 50/15 ⁇ m).
- the layer thickness of the metal foil maximum 100 ⁇ m, preferably not more than 50 ⁇ m.
- the effective pore size in the aforementioned sense is maximum in all cases 1/12 of the layer thickness.
- the metal allows elevated temperatures, behaves ductile, mechanically stable and elastic. About that the material can also be easily sterilized.
- the Layer thickness of the layer or film can be compared to a fleece or a fabric within narrow tolerance limits getting produced.
- the manufacture is also special inexpensive compared to a fabric.
- the layer consists of metals that are sinterable are.
- the sophisticated metal layer can be characterized by film casting known in the ceramic field become.
- a pouring slurry is first in other words, a suspension is provided.
- the Slurry has metal powder.
- the average diameter of the metal powder is less than a third the layer thickness to be produced.
- the ratio of metal powder to layer thickness ensures that the layer consists of several layers There are powder grains. So are going through the layer Avoided "holes" that are significantly larger than the desired effective pore size. The more Layers of powder are possible, the more reliable kicking no "holes going through”.
- a metal layer should therefore preferably consist of 5 to 10 Powder layers should be built up.
- the slip consists of a solvent, Dispersant, binder and if necessary from a substance to adjust the viscosity of the slip to an applied pouring or spraying device.
- the thinner the pouring slot in one pouring device used the thinner must be the slip. This adjustment is made if necessary through the substance to adjust the viscosity.
- Isopropanol is particularly suitable as solvent, but also toluene, water etc. Can be used as a dispersant Phthalic acid bis (2 ethylhexyl ester) can be used.
- Phthalic acid bis (2 ethylhexyl ester) can be used.
- polyvinyl butyral is suitable as a binder.
- a substance to adjust the viscosity to equipment Conditions can be used fish oil.
- the slip When selecting the slip, make sure that that the subsequent sintering interferes as little as possible becomes. Carbon, oxygen or nitrogen are allowed in the sintered product therefore in not too high concentrations occur. Are oxide, carbide, nitride formations to avoid during sintering.
- the slip should therefore consist of substances that are used for compliance of the above requirements thermally light are decomposable.
- the slip preferably also contains a release agent like polyethylene glycol.
- the release agent causes a dried one made from the slip Layer of a carrier sufficiently uncomplicated can be solved.
- the slip is applied in layers on a carrier.
- a carrier z. B. a plastic or metal foil.
- the slip is dried and removed from the carrier, or detached if a self-supporting metal layer to be manufactured. Then this green compact sintered.
- the layer can in an advantageous further process step be calibrated by rolling. On in this way, for example, a 117 ⁇ m thick film rolled to exactly 100 ⁇ m thickness.
- the metal layer can be produced reproducibly in terms of its thickness become.
- the pore size can be rolled defined shrink. It can have a defined pore size be produced reproducibly.
- the flow resistance or the flow rate is consequently at the layer produced according to the method can be calibrated.
- the demanding layer can be used as a filter, for sound insulation purposes or used with flame arrestors become.
- Layer firmly connected to the inner wall of a pipe.
- the tube is continuously porous and can, for example can be used as a filter.
- the effective pore size in the tube is then preferably larger than that of the metallic Layer to low flow resistance to get.
- the tube then acts as a carrier.
- the suspension is processed using a tube fed into the tube with the open porosity.
- the The tube is moved in a defined manner in the tube. To this Wise is an even distribution of the suspension ensured in the pipe.
- a spray head is inserted into the pipe.
- the spray head or the pipe rotates.
- the Sprayed inside walls of the pipe corresponds the spray process known from DE 41 20 706. It is particularly useful for pipes with an inner diameter of more than 50 mm.
- a pipe wall 2 is shown in sections open porosity shown in cross section, on the according to the process a metal layer 1 as an inner coating has been applied.
- the inside coating is in in the manner shown in the figure, a maximum of 500 ⁇ m thick.
- film casting is a slick manufactured with the following components:
- the sample is mixed for 2-2.5 hours, e.g. in the tumble mixer and then immediately on a film casting bench poured to thicknesses of e.g. 60 ⁇ m, 120 ⁇ m or thicker (tested up to 400 ⁇ m).
- the sintering process follows.
- sintering was carried out at 950 ° C for 1-3 hours in a vacuum ( ⁇ 10 -2 mbar), argon or argon + 4% by volume hydrogen in a tube furnace.
- the product is a flexible, porous metal foil with a relative density between 55% and 69%.
- the pore maximum for the powder mentioned is about 5-7 ⁇ m in diameter.
- the desired film shape cut out with a punching or cutting tool: here ⁇ 93 mm with punching tool.
- a punching or cutting tool here ⁇ 93 mm with punching tool.
- 1-2 Hours of drying time (here 2 hours) is the PE film from peeled off the green sheet.
- the sintering was carried out at 950 ° C, Carried out in vacuo for 1 hour.
- the product has one relative density of 63% and a pore maximum at approx. 6 microns.
- the binder solution is a 9% shellac solution (shellac ethanol).
- the spray suspension consists of a mixture of powder and binder solution in a ratio of 1: 2.
- Powder and binder solution are homogenized in a tumble mixer for 8 hours.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
| 14,4 g | Toluol | 26 Gew.-% |
| Isopropanol | 3 Gew.-% | |
| Methylethylketon | 1 Gew.-% | |
| 0,56 g | Polyvinylbutyral - 98 | |
| 1,0 g | Polyethylenglykol - 400 | |
| 1,0 g | Phtalsäurebis - (2 ethylhexylester) |
Claims (5)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gesinterten Metallschicht mit offener Porosität mit den Schritten:eine Suspension, die Metallpulver, Dispergator sowie Substanzen zur Anpassung der Viskosität aufweist, wird auf einen Träger schichtförmig aufgebracht,die Schichtdicke der auf den Träger aufgebrachten Suspension wird so gewählt, daß die Schichtdicke der Metallschicht nach der Sinterung wenigstens dreimal so dick wie der mittlere Pulverdurchmesser des Metallpulvers ist,die Suspension wird auf dem Träger getrocknet,die getrocknete Metallschicht wird vor der Sinterung vom Träger abgezogen,die Metallschicht wird gesintert.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Metallschicht mit offener Porosität auf der Innenwand eines Rohres, welches eine durchgehende Porosität aufweist,
mit den Schritten:eine Suspension, die Metallpulver, Dispergator sowie Substanzen zur Anpassung der Viskosität aufweist, wird auf die Innenwand eines Rohres schichtförmig aufgebracht,die Schichtdicke der auf die Innenwand des Rohres aufgebrachten Suspension wird so gewählt, daß die Schichtdicke der Metallschicht nach der Sinterung wenigstens dreimal so dick wie der mittlere Pulverdurchmesser des Metallpulvers ist,die Suspension wird getrocknet und anschließend gesintert. - Verfahren nach vorhergehendem Anspruch, bei dem das Rohr während der Auftragung und Trocknung der Suspension rotiert.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 2 und 3, bei dem die Außenwand des porösen Rohres durch ein Dichtmittel bis zur Trocknung der Suspension abgedichtet ist.
- Metallschicht mit offener Porosität erhältlich nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, und mit einer Schichtdicke von maximal 500 µm, wobei der effektive Durchmesser der durchgehenden Poren maximal ein Zwölftel der Schichtdicke beträgt, wobei die Metallschicht als Innenwand eines Rohres mit einer durchgehenden Porosität ausgestaltet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19716595A DE19716595C1 (de) | 1997-04-21 | 1997-04-21 | Dünne, feinporige, metallische Innenschicht eines Rohres |
| DE19716595 | 1997-04-21 | ||
| PCT/DE1998/000594 WO1998048077A1 (de) | 1997-04-21 | 1998-02-27 | Dünne, feinporige metallschicht |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0977909A1 EP0977909A1 (de) | 2000-02-09 |
| EP0977909B1 true EP0977909B1 (de) | 2002-06-12 |
Family
ID=7827146
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98916815A Expired - Lifetime EP0977909B1 (de) | 1997-04-21 | 1998-02-27 | Dünne, feinporige metallschicht |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0977909B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE219166T1 (de) |
| DE (3) | DE19758454A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1998048077A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7306753B2 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2007-12-11 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Method of making a thin porous layer |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10041992A1 (de) | 2000-08-26 | 2002-03-14 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Modul zur Verwendung als Filter, Katalysator oder Erhitzer sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| DE10123199B4 (de) * | 2001-05-12 | 2005-02-24 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von zumindest teilweise innenbeschichteten rohrförmigen Körpern mit einer Beschichtung aus einem sinterfähigen Material |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU35261A1 (de) * | 1956-07-25 | |||
| FR2031787A5 (de) * | 1969-02-07 | 1970-11-20 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | |
| CA962806A (en) * | 1970-06-04 | 1975-02-18 | Ontario Research Foundation | Surgical prosthetic device |
| DE2323878A1 (de) * | 1973-05-11 | 1974-11-21 | Union Carbide Corp | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschichten von metallsubstraten |
| JPS5788967A (en) * | 1980-11-21 | 1982-06-03 | Showa Alum Corp | Formation of porous layer on metallic surface |
| IT1206312B (it) * | 1982-01-22 | 1989-04-14 | Thermo Electron Corp | Metodo per formare uno stoppino per un tubo di calore. |
| DE4000302C1 (de) * | 1990-01-08 | 1991-07-25 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
| DE4120706C2 (de) * | 1991-06-22 | 1994-10-13 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung poröser oder dichter Sinterwerkstücke |
| FR2701719B1 (fr) * | 1993-02-19 | 1995-04-14 | Maubeuge Fer | Procédés et installations pour réaliser en continu plusieurs revêtements à base d'alliage métallique sur une bande d'acier. |
-
1997
- 1997-04-21 DE DE19758454A patent/DE19758454A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-04-21 DE DE19716595A patent/DE19716595C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-02-27 WO PCT/DE1998/000594 patent/WO1998048077A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1998-02-27 AT AT98916815T patent/ATE219166T1/de active
- 1998-02-27 DE DE59804429T patent/DE59804429D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-27 EP EP98916815A patent/EP0977909B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7306753B2 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2007-12-11 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Method of making a thin porous layer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE219166T1 (de) | 2002-06-15 |
| DE19716595C1 (de) | 1998-09-03 |
| DE19758454A1 (de) | 1998-10-22 |
| EP0977909A1 (de) | 2000-02-09 |
| DE59804429D1 (de) | 2002-07-18 |
| WO1998048077A1 (de) | 1998-10-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1073778B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer gesinterten metallschicht mit offener porosität | |
| EP1251987B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer dünnen porösen schicht mit offener porosität | |
| DE60222448T2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung gesinterter poröser körper | |
| DE602004000465T2 (de) | Offenporiger formkörper, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und verwendung dieses körpers | |
| EP2038441B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von refraktärmetallformkörpern | |
| DE69620699T2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von porösen Metallplatten | |
| EP0721439B1 (de) | Formteil | |
| DE10015614A1 (de) | Gesinterter Formkörper mit poröser Schicht auf der Oberfläche sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
| DE19502129A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrisch leitenden Cermets | |
| DE69604867T2 (de) | Verfahren zum Verschliessen der Endfläche einer keramischen Wabenstruktur | |
| EP3725433A1 (de) | Verfahren zur additiven herstellung eines bauteils | |
| EP0554682A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung verschleissfester Oberflächenschichten | |
| DE3834907C2 (de) | Aluminiumoxidrohre und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
| EP3145662B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung keramischer und/oder metallischer bauteile | |
| EP0314142B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines porösen Formkörpers | |
| DE10114774A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metall/Keramik-Komposits und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines porösen keramischen Körpers | |
| DE19929760A1 (de) | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung metallischer, oxydischer oder keramischer Hohlkugeln | |
| WO2014044433A1 (de) | Herstellen eines refraktärmetall-bauteils | |
| WO1998048077A1 (de) | Dünne, feinporige metallschicht | |
| WO2022238399A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines porösen metallischen oder keramischen bauteils sowie ein mit dem verfahren hergestelltes bauteil | |
| WO1989003736A1 (fr) | Outil heteroporeux de formage de moules de fonte en sable de moulage et son procede de fabrication | |
| WO2004067154A1 (de) | Mehrlagiger keramikverbund | |
| DE10022161C1 (de) | Verfahren zum Bilden einer Oberflächenschicht und deren Verwendung | |
| EP1771236A1 (de) | Verfahren zum herstellen mindestens eines bereichs einer filterstruktur, insbesondere für einen partikelfilter im abgassystem einer brennkraftmaschine | |
| DE3808123A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von sinterteilen aus feinkoernigen metall- oder keramikpulvern |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19991019 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB IT LI SE |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20000509 |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB IT LI SE |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 219166 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 20020615 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
| RAP2 | Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred) |
Owner name: FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH GMBH |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59804429 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20020718 |
|
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20020911 |
|
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20030313 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20150115 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20150223 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20150223 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20150223 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20150223 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20150218 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20150217 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 59804429 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: EUG |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MM01 Ref document number: 219166 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20160227 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20160227 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160229 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160229 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20161028 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160227 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160228 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160227 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160901 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160227 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160229 |