EP0981931A1 - Four a induction pour la fusion de metaux - Google Patents
Four a induction pour la fusion de metauxInfo
- Publication number
- EP0981931A1 EP0981931A1 EP98925719A EP98925719A EP0981931A1 EP 0981931 A1 EP0981931 A1 EP 0981931A1 EP 98925719 A EP98925719 A EP 98925719A EP 98925719 A EP98925719 A EP 98925719A EP 0981931 A1 EP0981931 A1 EP 0981931A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cavity
- branch
- zones
- induction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/22—Furnaces without an endless core
- H05B6/24—Crucible furnaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an induction heating device for raising the temperature of metals with a view to their melting or their hot transformation, this device comprising at least one cavity defined by a pocket arranged to receive metals intended to be brought to a temperature greater than or equal to their melting temperature or by an oven arranged to receive metal billets intended to be brought to a temperature below their melting temperature, this temperature being determined for forging metals, as well as means of heating by induction of said pocket or said oven.
- Induction heating devices are well known in the field of metal smelting, forging metal billets for hot machining, transformation or production of metals or alloys.
- the induction coil or coils are wound around the cavity receiving the metal and are usually cooled by a water cooling circuit. There may be a risk of leaks in the cooling circuit, which is fully prescribed in the working of molten metals.
- the yield obtained by this configuration generally does not exceed 40 to 60%. This efficiency is proportional to the ratio of the area of the inductor and the area of the tank.
- the magnetic field created by the induction coils is an open field. Consequently, the losses are substantial and amount to approximately 1/3 of the total power applied.
- Each cylinder head carries an electric coil creating a magnetic field closing through said cavity.
- An improvement to this type of construction is described in the publication DE-C-277 870 which provides three cylinder heads whose coils are supplied individually and offset in phase so as to create a rotating field.
- all the magnetic fields are radial, that is to say that the field lines cross the axis of the cavity and cross it axially right through.
- the present invention proposes to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and to meet the requirements of the standards in force by means of an induction heating device which makes it possible to achieve yields close to 80 to 95%, with coils. smaller induction, with a higher power factor (cosine ⁇ of 0.8 instead of 0.05 or 0.1) and requiring less consumption of electrical energy.
- the present invention makes it possible to accelerate the rise in temperature, therefore the melting or hot machining of the metal, thus also promoting energy savings.
- the energy savings obtained by the present invention make it possible to envisage a return on investment in approximately two years, which is commercially very appreciable.
- Each cylinder head advantageously comprises an elongated branch extending from one end to the other end of the cavity, disposed substantially parallel to the axis of this cavity and carrying at least one induction coil arranged to generate one of said zones active heating.
- each cylinder head has an L-shaped profile and comprises said elongated branch and a lateral branch extending substantially perpendicular to said elongated branch and substantially radially with respect to one end of the cavity.
- Said cavity can be a pocket, said lateral branch extending radially with respect to the bottom of this pocket in the direction of its center.
- each cylinder head has a U-shaped profile and comprises said elongated central branch and two lateral branches extending substantially perpendicular to said elongated central branch and substantially radially with respect to the two ends of the cavity.
- the cavity is preferably an oven and at least one of said lateral branches extends as close as possible to the longitudinal wall delimiting said cavity.
- each cylinder head has a C-shaped profile and comprises said elongated central branch and two lateral branches extending substantially perpendicular to said elongated central branch and substantially radially with respect to the two ends of the cavity.
- At least one of said lateral branches extends as close as possible to the lateral wall delimiting said cavity.
- Said cavity can be a pocket, one of the lateral branches extending radially with respect to the bottom of this pocket and the other lateral branch being a free section attached to a cover intended to close said pocket and extending radially with respect to this cover up to near the side wall delimiting said cavity.
- the cylinder head has an I-shape and comprises said elongated branch and two lateral branches extending substantially perpendicular to said elongated branch and substantially radially with respect to the two ends of the cavity.
- At least one of said lateral branches extends radially up to the proximity of the lateral wall delimiting said cavity.
- each of said coils extends substantially over the entire length of the elongated branch of each cylinder head.
- the heating means advantageously comprise a number n of cylinder heads distributed regularly at the periphery of the cavity.
- the coils can be supplied individually by an alternating electric current, this supply being offset in phase from one coil to another, this offset from the supply from a coil to a another can be determined by an arithmetic progression.
- the different coils can also be powered by several generators arranged to create a rotating field.
- FIG. 1 is a view in axial section of a device according to the invention intended for melting metal
- FIG. 2 is a top view in section along the arrows -Q-II of the furnace of FIG. 1
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are perspective views of the device of FIG. 1 respectively seen from above and seen from below,
- FIG. 5 is a view in longitudinal section of a device according to the invention intended for forging metal
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams representing the lines of the magnetic field respectively of the device of the invention and of a conventional device
- FIGS. 7A and 7B show the cavity in top view and schematically the circulation of the currents induced respectively from the device of the invention and from a conventional device, and
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing the distribution of the heating power respectively of the device of the invention and of a conventional device.
- the induction heating device 10 comprises a cavity 11 formed by a pocket 12 generally made of a refractory material and intended to receive the metal to be melted, as well as induction heating means arranged to raise the temperature of the metal by a magnetic flux until it melts.
- These heating means comprise independent magnetic yokes 13 arranged around the pocket 12 at a distance d sufficient to allow the positioning of the induction coils 14.
- Each yoke 13 has a general L shape having an elongated branch 13a substantially parallel to the axis of the pocket 12 and extending substantially over the entire height of said pocket 12 as well as a lateral branch 13b perpendicular to the elongated branch 13a and extending radially towards the bottom of said pocket 12.
- the ends branches 13a and 13b are curved to get as close as possible to the wall of the pocket 12.
- the cylinder heads 13 may have a C or I profile or even have only said elongated branch 13a.
- the elongated branch 13a of the magnetic yokes 13 extends substantially over the entire height of the pocket 12 and the lateral branch is oriented radially and preferably extends as close as possible to the wall of the pocket 12.
- the lateral branches can constitute a free section arranged perpendicularly to the elongated branch by folding back for example near the bottom of the pocket or by folding back near the upper edge of the pocket if these branches are attached under a cover intended to close the pocket.
- the side branches may extend to the center of the bottom of the pocket.
- these lateral branches can be profiled in such a way that they partially cover the surface of the bottom of the pocket. It is necessary in all cases that the two lateral branches 13b of the same cylinder head 13 do not both extend to the center of the pocket 12, at least one must stop near the edge of this poached.
- These magnetic yokes 13 are n equal to eight (in Figures 1 and 2) and six (in Figures 3 and 4) and are regularly arranged at equal distance from each other all around the pocket 12 This number is not limitative. It can be lower as well as higher, even or odd, depending on the type of pocket and its specifications: capacity in tonnes of metal, heating power, etc.
- a tank 15 for protection and insulation which can be provided with a cover or a door (not shown), this tank being pivotally mounted on a chassis or a bracket not shown around a hinge pin 16 passing through two ears 17 secured to said tank 15.
- this tank 15 can be hermetically closed or not and can be evacuated to optimize the operation of the induction heating means. After the metal has melted, the cover or the door opens, the tank 15 swings around its articulation 16 to empty the pocket 12 of its molten metal content in molds for example and in the same way as in the devices of the prior art.
- Each induction coil 14 is arranged around the elongated branch 13a of each magnetic yoke 13 and extends substantially over its entire length. These induction coils 14 are supplied individually by an alternating current and generate a magnetic flux, the field lines of which are shown in FIG. 6A Thanks to the magnetic yokes 13, this magnetic flux is channeled, directed and closed in an inner peripheral zone of the pocket 12 near said cylinder head, through the metal to be heated. Only a small part of the flow passes outside. The losses are then low.
- FIG. 6B illustrates the field lines of a device of the prior art which is not equipped with a magnetic yoke and makes it possible to visualize very clearly the improvement in the concentration of the field lines around the pocket 12 obtained thanks to the device of the invention with reference to FIG. 6A
- the coils 14 are all oriented in the same direction, their north pole being placed on one side of the cylinder heads and their south pole on the other side.
- the poles of the same nature repel each other by repelling their magnetic fields, thus creating zones of zero magnetic field 40 alternating with zones of non-zero field 41, represented diagrammatically in FIG. 7A Therefore, the zones of non-zero field are centered on radial planes
- non-zero field zones 41 therefore comprise a central field zone maximum and two zones with decreasing field gradient arranged on either side of the maximum field zone up to the neighboring zero field zones 40.
- the field lines are arranged on either side symmetrically with respect to said radial planes 42 passing through the center of the cavity 11 and passing through the axis of the yokes 13.
- the zero field zones 40 delimit active zones 41 , constituted by the maximum field zones and the field zones with decreasing field gradient, corresponding to the metal heating zones.
- the active heating zones 41 are delimited on defined angular portions of the periphery of said cavity 11. In other words, in each active area 41, the magnetic field induces a current
- the induced current 53 extends all around the periphery of the cavity. It is known, moreover, that the induced current generates a heating power directly proportional to the volume of metal traversed by said current. Consequently, the fact that the currents induced 43 by the coils 14 are located in said active zones 41 makes it possible to appreciably increase the volume of metal traversed by all of the induced currents, in comparison with the volume of metal traversed by the current induced on the periphery. The result thus obtained is an increase in the volume of metal heated for the same induced current and therefore a much better yield.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B make it possible to compare the distribution of the heating power between the devices of the prior art and that of the invention, the white areas representing the highest heating power, this power decreasing in the darker areas. These different levels of heating power naturally correspond to different temperature levels. These figures are illustrations of real tests carried out for the same induced current therefore the same magnetic field generated by each coil.
- the white zones correspond to the heating zones 51 and are limited to the periphery of the ends of the cavity, the interior being completely dark.
- FIG. 8A which illustrates the present invention, the white zones are distributed over the periphery of the cavity and over its entire length.
- the distance d which separates the elongated branch 13a from the magnetic yoke 13 supporting the induction coil 14 from the bag 12 can be relatively large to allow the thickness of the refractory walls of the bag 12 to be increased and limit heat losses.
- induction coils 14 with smaller diameters, lower powers and higher power factors than those of the prior art can be used. Consequently, the losses by Joules effect are also limited and the induction coils 14 do not need to be cooled by a specific water circulation. Air ventilation is sufficient to keep them cool.
- the temperature of the metal rises faster in certain zones, thus causing displacement or mixing. automatic between the hot and cold metal masses, so that their temperature in turn also rises until a homogeneous molten mixture is obtained.
- This mixing is greatly improved and accelerated by individually supplying the induction coils 14 with an offset of the supply from one coil to the next and so on, clockwise or vice versa.
- This shift in phase of the supply generates inside the pocket 12 a circumferential and helical stirring of the metal.
- the direct consequence of this form of stirring is a faster homogenization of the temperature gradient in the metal making it possible to significantly shorten the time. necessary for its softening and its fusion thus resulting in significant energy savings.
- This forced mixing can also be obtained by supplying each coil with an independent generator. All the generators can then be synchronized so as to obtain a rotating field thus creating the effect of a propeller in the molten metal.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the device 30 comprises a cavity 31 formed by an oven 32 generally made of a refractory material and intended to receive metal billets 35 to be hot machined as well as means of induction heating 33, 34 arranged to raise the temperature of said billets to a temperature below their melting temperature, by a magnetic flux.
- These heating means include, as in the previous example, independent magnetic yokes 33 arranged longitudinally around the furnace 32 and at a distance d sufficient to accommodate induction coils 34.
- Each yoke 33 has an elongated central branch 33a and at least a lateral branch 33b, 33c perpendicular to the elongated central branch 33a.
- the elongated central branch 33a of the magnetic yokes 33 extends substantially over the entire length of the furnace 32 and the two end branches 33b and 33c extend radially close to the furnace 32.
- the yokes 33 have a general U shape.
- Each induction coil 34 is arranged around the elongated central branch 33a of each magnetic yoke 33 and extends substantially over its entire length.
- the number n of magnetic yokes 33 and induction coils 34 are identical to those described above. Similarly, it is also possible to optimize the homogenization of the gradient of temperature inside and throughout the oven 32 by supplying the induction coils 34 with a phase shift from one coil to the next or by independent synchronized generators.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art.
- the number of magnetic yokes and induction coils is not limited.
- the shape of the cylinder heads can vary depending on the pocket or the oven.
- the cylinder heads can also be formed from several free sections. The management of the coil supply can also be deferred.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9706279 | 1997-05-16 | ||
| FR9706279 | 1997-05-16 | ||
| PCT/FR1998/000971 WO1998053642A1 (fr) | 1997-05-16 | 1998-05-15 | Four a induction pour la fusion de metaux |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0981931A1 true EP0981931A1 (fr) | 2000-03-01 |
| EP0981931B1 EP0981931B1 (fr) | 2002-02-20 |
Family
ID=9507136
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98925719A Expired - Lifetime EP0981931B1 (fr) | 1997-05-16 | 1998-05-15 | Four a induction pour la fusion de metaux |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6163562A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0981931B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2001525981A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE213583T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU7773298A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69803927T2 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK0981931T3 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2173588T3 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1998053642A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6942032B2 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2005-09-13 | Thomas A. La Rovere | Resistive down hole heating tool |
| US8653425B2 (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2014-02-18 | Bernard Lasko | Rotary applicator |
| PL2820917T3 (pl) * | 2012-03-01 | 2016-12-30 | Urządzenie do indukcyjnego nagrzewania kęsa | |
| KR20230055789A (ko) * | 2021-10-19 | 2023-04-26 | 주식회사 제이피에스 | 마이크로 웨이브의 선택적 조사를 통한 용융물의 히팅이 가능한 로 시스템 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE351671A (fr) * | ||||
| DE277870C (fr) * | ||||
| DE266566C (fr) * | ||||
| US1834725A (en) * | 1928-02-18 | 1931-12-01 | Ajax Electrothermic Corp | External field eliminator |
| US1879360A (en) * | 1928-07-24 | 1932-09-27 | Ajax Electrothermic Corp | Electric induction furnace |
| US5090022A (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1992-02-18 | Inductotherm Corp. | Cold crucible induction furnace |
-
1998
- 1998-05-15 AT AT98925719T patent/ATE213583T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-05-15 DK DK98925719T patent/DK0981931T3/da active
- 1998-05-15 JP JP55003498A patent/JP2001525981A/ja active Pending
- 1998-05-15 US US09/423,732 patent/US6163562A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-15 EP EP98925719A patent/EP0981931B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-15 WO PCT/FR1998/000971 patent/WO1998053642A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1998-05-15 AU AU77732/98A patent/AU7773298A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-05-15 ES ES98925719T patent/ES2173588T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-15 DE DE69803927T patent/DE69803927T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9853642A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6163562A (en) | 2000-12-19 |
| ES2173588T3 (es) | 2002-10-16 |
| AU7773298A (en) | 1998-12-11 |
| DK0981931T3 (da) | 2002-06-10 |
| EP0981931B1 (fr) | 2002-02-20 |
| ATE213583T1 (de) | 2002-03-15 |
| WO1998053642A1 (fr) | 1998-11-26 |
| DE69803927D1 (de) | 2002-03-28 |
| JP2001525981A (ja) | 2001-12-11 |
| DE69803927T2 (de) | 2002-11-07 |
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