EP0994068A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Wasserstofferzeugung und Vorrichtung zur Wasserstofferzeugung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Wasserstofferzeugung und Vorrichtung zur Wasserstofferzeugung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0994068A1 EP0994068A1 EP99118369A EP99118369A EP0994068A1 EP 0994068 A1 EP0994068 A1 EP 0994068A1 EP 99118369 A EP99118369 A EP 99118369A EP 99118369 A EP99118369 A EP 99118369A EP 0994068 A1 EP0994068 A1 EP 0994068A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- thin
- catalyst
- reaction mixture
- molded body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/326—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents characterised by the catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/72—Copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1076—Copper or zinc-based catalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a device for hydrogen production and a device for hydrogen production.
- Hydrogen is generated in particular from hydrocarbons or alcohol, in particular methanol, or other chemically bound hydrogen.
- the recovery of hydrogen from methanol is based on the overall reaction CH 3 OH + H 2 O ⁇ CO 2 + 3H 2 .
- a reaction mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and water vapor is passed along with the addition of heat to a suitable catalyst in order to generate the desired hydrogen in a one-step or multi-step reaction sequence.
- a device for two-stage methanol reforming is known from EP 0 687 648 A1.
- the reaction mixture is fed to a first reactor in which only a partial conversion of the methanol is aimed for.
- the gas mixture After flowing through the first reactor, the gas mixture, which still contains portions of unreacted starting materials, is fed to a second reactor, which is constructed in a manner which optimizes the residual conversion.
- the reactors are designed as plate or bulk reactors in which the catalyst is provided in the form of a bed or coating of the distribution channels. Furthermore, catalysts in the form of coated sheets, nets and foams are known, through which the reaction mixture flows.
- a catalyst which consists of a refractory material, for example aluminum oxide, mullid, Chamotte or magnesium oxide, which is made with copper, Copper oxide or copper nitrate is impregnated or with a extremely thin film made of copper, copper oxide or copper nitrate on its surface or on the inner surface of it Poses is covered.
- a refractory material for example aluminum oxide, mullid, Chamotte or magnesium oxide
- Copper oxide or copper nitrate is impregnated or with a extremely thin film made of copper, copper oxide or copper nitrate on its surface or on the inner surface of it Poses is covered.
- Another is known from EP 0 217 532 A1 Catalyst with a similar structure is known, in which the catalyst material made of copper on a refractory base material is applied, which is in granular form.
- WO 96/32188 describes a reactor system for implementation known two chemical reactions, the at least two separate, however, reactor beds in heat exchange contact has, the reactant of which runs in the reactor beds surfaces exposed to chemical reactions catalytically are active.
- the catalytically active surface of the reactor beds consists, for example, of sintered metal particles with a small particle size distribution.
- the material the sintered particle is a metal or a metal alloy, that can itself be catalytically active.
- Another way of designing the known reactor is a plate reactor based on a more or less flat plate is built on which in turn a corrugated Plate is welded on. This arrangement is rolled up and welded together at the ends.
- the invention is based on the object to improve a device for generating hydrogen, that the heat transfer to the catalyzed reaction is as efficient as possible. Furthermore, the device for Hydrogen generation with regard to a mobile application in Motor vehicles over catalysts as high mechanical as possible Have stability. Furthermore, the manufacturing and material costs should be as low as possible. A reactivation of the catalyst as activity declines would be desirable.
- a method is used to achieve this object for the production of a device for hydrogen production the features of claim 1 proposed.
- the comprises at least one thin and large-area catalyst layer, first a copper powder made of dendritic in particular Copper to a thin and strong forming a shaped body compressed layer pressed.
- This molded body is then sintered in a reducing atmosphere, so that in the molded body a mesh-like support structure made of copper is created.
- in the Connection to the sintering is a surface layer of the molded body to form the thin and large-area catalyst layer activated.
- a catalyst layer made from a copper powder, that no additional powder content from catalytically active Material included.
- the activation is carried out by in particular repeated oxidation and reduction of the surface of the shaped body.
- the process of Oxidizing and reducing are repeated until a surface layer desired thickness is activated.
- the copper powder exclusively dendritic copper, whereby a particularly well-developed network-like support structure in the molded body is achieved after pressing.
- the copper powder is a Catalytically inactive component added to activate a surface layer of the shaped body from the copper network the molded body is removed.
- a Catalytically inactive component added to activate a surface layer of the shaped body from the copper network the molded body is removed.
- the catalytically inactive component is advantageously Aluminum.
- a device for generating hydrogen is used to further solve the problem proposed with the features of claim 7, the at least one according to the inventive method manufactured thin and large-area catalyst layer includes.
- the molding by pressing a copper powder created a thin and highly compressed molded body.
- the porosity the molding is adjusted by the pressure.
- the shaped copper body obtained in this way is reduced Atmosphere sintered at a sufficiently high temperature, see above that by crosslinking the copper particles in the molded body mesh-like support structure made of copper.
- the sintering temperature is advantageously more than 600 ° C, preferably more than 700 ° C.
- the pressed molded body After the pressed molded body has been sintered, it is activated, to increase the catalytic activity of the copper body.
- Oxidation takes place in an oxygen or air environment at elevated Temperature, reducing, for example, in a hydrogen atmosphere.
- the core of the catalyst layer i.e. the inner area of the net-like support structure, is not affected by the thermal conductivity and not to affect the mechanical stability.
- the catalyst layer produced according to the invention has one very homogeneous structure based on the branched, close-knit reticulated support structure has a very good thermal conductivity having. This has a particularly advantageous effect the heat dissipation or supply in a non-autothermal catalytic reaction and makes it easier to balance the heat balance and thus the implementation of an autothermal methanol reforming.
- the catalyst layer is suitable for mechanical stability Use in mobile devices for hydrogen production.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Wasserstofferzeugung unter Zuführung eines Reaktionsgemisches auf einen Katalysator, der durch mindestens eine dünne und großflächige Katalysatorschicht gebildet ist, durch die das Reaktionsgemisch unter Druckabfall hindurchpreßbar ist, mit den folgenden Schritten:Verpressen eines Kupferpulvers aus insbesondere dendritischem Kupfer zu einer einen Formkörper bildenden dünnen und stark komprimierten Schicht,Erzeugen einer netzartigen Trägerstruktur aus Kupfer in dem Formkörper durch Sintern des Formkörpers in reduzierender Atmosphäre,Aktivieren einer Oberflächenschicht des Formkörpers zur Bildung der dünnen und großflächigen Katalysatorschicht.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Aktivieren durch insbesondere durch mehrmaliges Oxidieren und Reduzieren der Oberfläche des Formkörpers erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vorgang des Oxidierens und Reduzierens so oft wiederholt wird, bis eine Oberflächenschicht gewünschter Dicke aktiviert ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kupferpulver ausschließlich dendritisches Kupfer enthält.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Kupferpulver ein katalytisch nicht aktiver Bestandteil beigemischt ist, der zum Aktivieren einer Oberflächenschicht des Formkörpers aus dem Kupfernetzwerk des Formkörpers herausgelöst wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der katalytisch nicht aktive Bestandteil Aluminium ist.
- Vorrichtung zur Wasserstofferzeugung aus Kohlenwasserstoffen oder Alkohol, insbesondere Methanol, unter Zuführung eines Reaktionsgemisches auf einen Katalysator,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Katalysator mindestens eine gemäß dem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 hergestellte dünne und großflächige Katalysatorschicht umfaßt, durch die das Reaktionsgemisch unter Druckabfall hindurchpreßbar ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19847987A DE19847987C2 (de) | 1998-10-17 | 1998-10-17 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Wasserstofferzeugung und Vorrichtung zur Wasserstofferzeugung |
| DE19847987 | 1998-10-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0994068A1 true EP0994068A1 (de) | 2000-04-19 |
| EP0994068B1 EP0994068B1 (de) | 2002-10-23 |
Family
ID=7884845
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99118369A Expired - Lifetime EP0994068B1 (de) | 1998-10-17 | 1999-09-16 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Wasserstofferzeugung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6432871B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0994068B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19847987C2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1084990A1 (de) * | 1999-09-15 | 2001-03-21 | XCELLSIS GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen und/oder Umsetzen wenigstens eines Mediums |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19944187A1 (de) | 1999-09-15 | 2001-03-29 | Xcellsis Gmbh | Gaserzeugungssystem |
| US6376708B1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2002-04-23 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Process and catalyst for dehydrogenating primary alcohols to make carboxylic acid salts |
| DE10038525C2 (de) | 2000-08-08 | 2002-11-21 | Ballard Power Systems | Katalysatoranschlußscheibe für einen Stapelreaktor und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Katalysatoranschlußscheibe |
| DE10111198A1 (de) * | 2001-03-08 | 2002-09-19 | Basf Ag | Methanolreformierungskatalysator mit verringertem Volumenschwund |
| CA2463776A1 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-24 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Process and catalyst for dehydrogenating primary alcohols to make carboxylic acid salts |
| EP1551755A1 (de) * | 2002-10-18 | 2005-07-13 | Monsanto Technology LLC | Verwendung von metallgeträgerten kupferkatalysatoren zum reformieren von alkoholen |
| CN1305567C (zh) * | 2004-03-25 | 2007-03-21 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种甲醇自热重整制氢催化剂及制备方法和应用 |
| RU2451800C2 (ru) * | 2006-06-13 | 2012-05-27 | МОНСАНТО ТЕКНОЛОДЖИ ЭлЭлСи | Способ получения механической или электрической энергии из топлива, содержащего спирт |
| CN101612563B (zh) * | 2008-06-25 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 甲醇水蒸气重整制氢的复合氧化物催化剂及其制备和应用 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4002578A (en) * | 1975-06-27 | 1977-01-11 | Chevron Research Company | Catalyst activation process |
| US5081083A (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1992-01-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Energy | Method of treating intermetallic alloy hydrogenation/oxidation catalysts for improved impurity poisoning resistance, regeneration and increased activity |
| DE19534433C1 (de) * | 1995-09-16 | 1996-10-10 | Daimler Benz Ag | Katalysatorschichtstruktur für einen Methanolreformierungsreaktor und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| EP0906890A1 (de) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-07 | dbb fuel cell engines GmbH | Vorrichtung zur Wasserstofferzeugung,Vorrichtung zur Kohlenmonoxid-Verringerung,Vorrichtung zur Kohlenmonoxid-Oxidation,Vorrichtung zum katalytischen Verbrennen und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators |
Family Cites Families (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3069759A (en) * | 1960-04-27 | 1962-12-25 | Grant | Production of dispersion strengthened metals |
| US3180727A (en) * | 1962-02-20 | 1965-04-27 | Du Pont | Composition containing a dispersionhardening phase and a precipitation-hardening phase and process for producing the same |
| US3158473A (en) * | 1962-08-27 | 1964-11-24 | Gen Electric | Method for producing composite bodies |
| US3143789A (en) * | 1962-08-31 | 1964-08-11 | Du Pont | Dispersion strengthened metal composition |
| US3492113A (en) * | 1967-01-19 | 1970-01-27 | Scm Corp | High green strength-low density copper powder and process for preparing same |
| GB1288775A (de) * | 1968-10-11 | 1972-09-13 | ||
| US3894963A (en) * | 1971-05-10 | 1975-07-15 | Norton Co | High surface area catalyst bodies |
| US3779714A (en) * | 1972-01-13 | 1973-12-18 | Scm Corp | Dispersion strengthening of metals by internal oxidation |
| JPS48100392A (de) * | 1972-04-01 | 1973-12-18 | ||
| JPS5313200B2 (de) * | 1973-02-14 | 1978-05-08 | ||
| US4003976A (en) * | 1973-04-03 | 1977-01-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Converter for the purification of exhaust gases |
| US4039697A (en) * | 1973-08-27 | 1977-08-02 | The Fujikura Cable Works, Ltd. | Process for forming a film composed of plastic-coated inorganic powder particles |
| US4031291A (en) * | 1976-04-05 | 1977-06-21 | Malcolm A. Fullenwider | Hydrogen-oxidizing catalyst, and fuel cell electrode using same |
| DE2729738C3 (de) * | 1977-07-01 | 1981-08-27 | Mayser-Gmbh & Co, 7900 Ulm | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elastischen Kunststoffkörpers mit eingelagerten Körnern eines metallischen oder anderen elektrisch leitenden Füllstoffes |
| DE2750556A1 (de) * | 1977-11-11 | 1979-05-17 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von katalyt-kupfer |
| GB8521953D0 (en) * | 1985-09-04 | 1985-10-09 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalytic hydrogen generator |
| US5068150A (en) * | 1988-02-01 | 1991-11-26 | Mitsui Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Copper powder for electroconductive paints and electroconductive paint compositions |
| US5004498A (en) * | 1988-10-13 | 1991-04-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Dispersion strengthened copper alloy and a method of manufacturing the same |
| DE4142897A1 (de) * | 1991-12-23 | 1993-06-24 | Sued Chemie Ag | Katalysator-formkoerper |
| DE59503581D1 (de) | 1994-06-15 | 1998-10-22 | Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh | Zweistufige Methanol-Reformierung |
| US5837119A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1998-11-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods of fabricating dendritic powder materials for high conductivity paste applications |
| US5958590A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1999-09-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Dendritic powder materials for high conductivity paste applications |
| NL1000146C2 (nl) * | 1995-04-13 | 1996-10-15 | Gastec Nv | Werkwijze voor het uitvoeren van een chemische reactie. |
| US6066415A (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 2000-05-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Hydrogen absorbing electrode and metal oxide-hydrogen secondary battery |
| US6089444A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 2000-07-18 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Process of bonding copper and tungsten |
-
1998
- 1998-10-17 DE DE19847987A patent/DE19847987C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-09-16 DE DE59903155T patent/DE59903155D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-16 EP EP99118369A patent/EP0994068B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-18 US US09/421,352 patent/US6432871B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4002578A (en) * | 1975-06-27 | 1977-01-11 | Chevron Research Company | Catalyst activation process |
| US5081083A (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1992-01-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Energy | Method of treating intermetallic alloy hydrogenation/oxidation catalysts for improved impurity poisoning resistance, regeneration and increased activity |
| DE19534433C1 (de) * | 1995-09-16 | 1996-10-10 | Daimler Benz Ag | Katalysatorschichtstruktur für einen Methanolreformierungsreaktor und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| EP0906890A1 (de) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-07 | dbb fuel cell engines GmbH | Vorrichtung zur Wasserstofferzeugung,Vorrichtung zur Kohlenmonoxid-Verringerung,Vorrichtung zur Kohlenmonoxid-Oxidation,Vorrichtung zum katalytischen Verbrennen und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1084990A1 (de) * | 1999-09-15 | 2001-03-21 | XCELLSIS GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen und/oder Umsetzen wenigstens eines Mediums |
| US7481984B1 (en) | 1999-09-15 | 2009-01-27 | Nucellsys Gmbh | System for heating and/or converting at least one medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0994068B1 (de) | 2002-10-23 |
| DE19847987A1 (de) | 2000-04-20 |
| DE59903155D1 (de) | 2002-11-28 |
| US6432871B1 (en) | 2002-08-13 |
| DE19847987C2 (de) | 2001-06-13 |
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