EP1000246B1 - Pumpengehaüse und verfahren zur dessen herstellung - Google Patents

Pumpengehaüse und verfahren zur dessen herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1000246B1
EP1000246B1 EP98941492A EP98941492A EP1000246B1 EP 1000246 B1 EP1000246 B1 EP 1000246B1 EP 98941492 A EP98941492 A EP 98941492A EP 98941492 A EP98941492 A EP 98941492A EP 1000246 B1 EP1000246 B1 EP 1000246B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
projection
pump
pump according
upper stop
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98941492A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1000246A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Louis Bougamont
Pierre Dumont
Hervé Lompech
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
S O F A B
Silgan Dispensing Systems Le Treport SAS
Original Assignee
S O F A B
Sofab SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by S O F A B, Sofab SA filed Critical S O F A B
Publication of EP1000246A1 publication Critical patent/EP1000246A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1000246B1 publication Critical patent/EP1000246B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/1002—Ball valves
    • F04B53/101—Ball valves having means for limiting the opening height
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042—Components or details
    • B05B11/1066—Pump inlet valves
    • B05B11/1067—Pump inlet valves actuated by pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1001—Piston pumps
    • B05B11/1023—Piston pumps having an outlet valve opened by deformation or displacement of the piston relative to its actuating stem
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49274—Piston ring or piston packing making
    • Y10T29/49279—Piston ring or piston packing making including rolling or die forming, e.g., drawing, punching

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pump and more particularly an improvement of the intake valve of the pump as well as a method of manufacturing such a pump.
  • the invention relates to pumps of the type comprising in particular a substantially cylindrical body in one piece, provided, in its lower part, a product intake duct and a valve.
  • This valve consists in known manner of a cavity forming seat and containing an element capable of moving between a lower stop corresponding to a closed position of the duct intake and a high stop corresponding to the opening of said conduit and filling the pump body with the product.
  • the stroke of the movable element which generally consists of a ball, must be adjusted so as to obtain regular delivery by the pump of identical and constant doses.
  • the upper and lower stops must be precisely positioned.
  • the upper stop consists of the lower coil of a helical return spring housed in the body of pump.
  • An alternative embodiment of this upper stop consists in fixing an insert in the lower part of the pump body above the movable element.
  • bosses protrude inside the pump body and demarcate upwards the cavity in which the movable element is housed.
  • the transverse dimension of these bosses measured at from the inner wall of the body always remains weak compared to the internal diameter of the cavity to allow the mold to be removed from the mold and the subsequent introduction of the movable element into the cavity.
  • the section of these retaining bosses does not include angular area or free edge undercut. Yet despite this, sometimes when the mold is ejected, the bosses are crushed protruding, which considerably compromises the subsequent reliability of the pump insofar as the movable element can then escape from its cavity.
  • the present invention aims to solve, so satisfactory, the technical problems posed by the prior art.
  • a pump of the type comprising in particular a substantially cylindrical body in a single piece provided, in its lower part with a product inlet duct and a valve constituted a cavity containing an element capable of moving between a low stop corresponding to the closing of said intake duct and a high stop corresponding to the opening of said duct, characterized in that said upper stop is formed of at least one discontinuous internal projection whose transverse dimension measured in the cavity is at least equal to 20% of the largest transverse dimension of the movable element.
  • said projection has a inner edge whose generatrices are substantially parallel to the axis from the body.
  • said movable element is a ball and said cavity is cylindroconical.
  • said cavity has a upper orifice delimited laterally by the internal projection and the diameter is between 50% and 90% of the largest dimension transverse of the movable element.
  • the upper face of said projection is wider than its underside.
  • said projection is surmounted, outside of said cavity, of an at least partially cylindrical cut whose generatrices are parallel to the axis of the body.
  • the upper stop includes four diametrically opposite projections two by two.
  • the free sectors have a angular length between 30 ° and 80 °.
  • Another object of the invention is a method of manufacturing a pump characterized in that the pump body is produced and then formed at least one discontinuous internal projection by shaping the internal wall of said body by means of a punch whose diameter of the head is between 110% and 140% of the largest transverse dimension of the movable element.
  • the transverse dimension of the internal projection, the diameter of the upper hole of the cavity as well as the diameter of the head of the punch are parameters that are chosen with reference to the largest transverse dimension of the mobile element but which also depend on the depth of penetration of the punch into the wall of the body of the pump. This depth is limited by the available wall thickness in the area intended for shaping and has been fixed, for the determination values of the above parameters, at 25% of the wall thickness of the pump body.
  • said interior is shaped body with a punch with four diametrically opposed blades two to of them.
  • the pump of the invention thus comprises an intake valve particularly reliable and precise. With such a valve, the risks of jamming or exhausting of the moving element are practically nonexistent.
  • the method of the invention makes it possible to produce projections whose transverse dimension is so important that they would not be achievable by molding and which, moreover, would not allow the setting in place of the movable element.
  • the method of the invention also makes it possible to carry out projections of various dimensions on the same type of pump body, this which allows the use of mobile elements of different sizes.
  • the body 1 shown in Figure 1 corresponds to that of a traditional pump A used, for example, for sprayers liquids such as perfumes.
  • the body 1 is substantially cylindrical and is produced in a single piece, for example, by injection molding of a material thermoplastic.
  • the body 1 is provided in its lower part 1a with a conduit inlet 11 supplied with product from a tank (not shown) and possibly extended downwards by a dip tube.
  • the intake duct 11 opens out through an orifice 11a onto a valve consisting of a cavity 10 containing a movable element such than a ball 2.
  • the ball 2 is capable of moving axially between a low stop 12b corresponding to the obturation of the conduit 11 and therefore to the closing of the valve, and a high stop 12a corresponding to the opening said valve and the passage of the product towards the chamber B of the pump A.
  • the lower stop 12b is formed by the frustoconical wall of the cavity 10 against which the ball 2 comes into sealing contact.
  • the upper stop 12a is formed here of retaining elements produced directly by molding, with the entire pump body, at the upper part of the cavity 10.
  • These retaining elements are bosses which provide the ball 2 of the slightly projecting curvilinear contact surfaces, that is to say that each boss has a transverse dimension of at most 20% of the radius R of ball 2, which is insufficient to guarantee a perfect functioning of the valve.
  • Figures 2a and 2b show partial sectional views of an embodiment of the body 1 of a pump according to the invention respectively in the closed and open position of the valve.
  • the upper stop 12a is here formed of at least one internal projection 120 produced on the upper periphery of the cavity 10 and so discontinuous with at least one side passage for the product around the ball 2.
  • the transverse dimension X of the projection 12a measured in the cylindroconical cavity 10 is at least equal to 20% of the largest transverse dimension of the movable element and therefore of the diameter of the ball 2 or at 40% of its radius R.
  • the cavity 10 is therefore delimited and partially closed in its upper part by a transverse wall portion whose total length corresponds to twice the transverse dimension X, i.e. at least 40% the diameter of the ball 2 (or 80% of the radius R), which guarantees a translational locking of the ball without jamming.
  • the upper opening 10a of the cavity 10 is therefore relatively narrow and its diameter is between 50% and 90% of the largest transverse dimension of the mobile element which here corresponds to the ball diameter 2.
  • the projection 120 has an inner edge 120c whose generatrices are substantially parallel to the axis of the body 1.
  • the projection 120 is surmounted, outside the cavity 10, by a at least partially cylindrical cutout 13 whose generatrices are substantially parallel to the axis of the body 1.
  • the upper face 120a of the projection 120 which is turned towards the outside of the cavity 10 is wider than the lower face 120b which is shown here for reasons of simplification, parallel to the face upper 120a and perpendicular to the internal wall of the cavity 10 in its upper part.
  • the lower face 120b of the projection 120 is inclined, curvilinear or consists of a bulge but in no case has a zone of contact with the ball 2 in position high stop to avoid any guide or sliding of the ball out of cavity 10.
  • the contact area between the projection 120 and the ball 2 is materialized by a substantially circular line on which the support forces are directed radially with respect to the ball so as to avoid jamming.
  • Figures 3a and 3b correspond to an embodiment with four projections 120, 121, 122, 123 diametrically opposite two to two on the upper periphery of the cavity 10. In these figures, the ball 2 was not represented.
  • the cuts 13 are interrupted at the discontinuities projections 120, 121, 122, 123 to delimit free sectors 14.
  • the profile of the internal wall of the body of pump has not been modified and is therefore smooth and continuous, so as not to present no obstacle from the inside to the outside of the cavity 10 to allow free passage of the product.
  • the projections 120, 121, 122, 123 are here centered, on the one hand and on the other, on two perpendicular diameters.
  • Their respective inner edges 120c, 121c, 122c, 123c have a length such that the free sectors 14 intermediate correspond to portions of angles ⁇ between 30 ° and 80 °.
  • the pump A of the invention and in particular, the body 1 of said pump is produced in a traditional way, for example, by molding injection of plastic or thermoplastic material.
  • the ball 2 is introduced into the lower part 1a of the body 1 prior to shaping, when the internal wall is still uniform.
  • the internal projection 120 is elastically deformable and / or flexible, it is then possible to introduce the ball after shaping, by deforming support on said projection.
  • This shaping or stamping operation is carried out by means of a punch P such as that shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
  • the punch P comprises a mandrel M carrying a head T.
  • the mandrel M provides centering, guiding and setting of the punch in the pump body during shaping.
  • the head T ensures the shaping of the body by axial translation and force of the mandrel M as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the head T comprises at least one, and here four blades L intended to repel the material on the wall of the body 1 above and around the ball 2, forming the cutouts 13, and the projections 120, 121, 122, 123 as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the diameter d of the head is between 110% and 140% of the bimetal diameter for a penetration depth of about 25% of the thickness of the body wall
  • the geometry of the blades L shown in bottom view on the Figure 4b determines the subsequent geometry of the cutouts 13 of the projections 120, 121, 122, 123 and free sectors 14.
  • the lower face C of the blades L acts by its edge outside the like a knife or a tooth vis-à-vis the plastic in causing it to flow towards the inside of the head.
  • the width and length of the underside C is determined beforehand depending on the dimensions sought for the projections.
  • the transverse dimension X of the projections to be produced will depend on the volume of material pushed down and inward by each blades L on the inner periphery of the cavity 10. This volume therefore corresponds to the volume delimited by the cutouts 13. However, this volume is itself a function of the diameter of the head T, of the width x the underside C and the depth of penetration, the length angular y and the height h of the blades L.
  • the outer face l of the blades L is straight and parallel to the axis of the mandrel M while their internal face is inclined towards the mandrel M and towards the center of the head T with an angle ⁇ close to 45 ° so as not to use the ball when working the head.
  • the mandrel M has a face E intended to come into abutment against a shoulder 1b of the pump body (see Figures 2a and 2b) to limit the sinking of the T head.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Pumpe der Art, die einen im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Bauteil (1) aus einem Einzelbauteil umfasst, der in seinem unteren Teil mit einer Einlassleitung (11) für das Produkt und mit einer Klappe versehen ist, die von einer Aushöhlung (10) gebildet ist, die ein Element (2) einschließt, das beweglich ist zwischen einer Anschlagstellung unten (12b), die dem Verschluß der Einlassleitung (11) entspricht, und einer Anschlagstellung oben (12a), die der Öffnung der Leitung (11) entspricht, und die von mindestens einem unterbrochenen inneren Vorsprung (120) begrenzt ist, dessen Unterseite (120b) die Aushöhlung zum Teil verschließt und dessen Oberseite (120a) außerhalb der Aushöhlung von einem zumindest teilweise zylindrischen Schnittteil (13) überragt ist, dessen Erzeugende parallel zur Achse des Bauteils (1) sind,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vorsprung (120) einen Innenrand (120c) aufweist, dessen Erzeugende im Wesentlichen parallel zur Achse des Bauteils (1) sind und der an der Verbindungsstelle mit der Unterseite (120b) eine Berührungslinie mit dem beweglichen Element (2) in der Anschlagstellung oben definiert, die es ermöglicht, jedwedes Klemmen und jedwedes Hinausrutschen des Elements aus der Aushöhlung (10) zu vermeiden.
  2. Pumpe gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegliche Element eine Kugel ist, die sich in einer zylindrisch-konischen Aushöhlung (10) befindet und in der Anschlagstellung oben radial mit einer kreisförmigen, vom Vorsprung (120) getragenen Berührungslinie in Kontakt steht.
  3. Pumpe gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aushöhlung (10) eine obere Öffnung (10a) besitzt, die seitlich vom inneren Vorsprung (120) begrenzt ist und deren Innendurchmesser zwischen 50 % und 90 % der größten Querausdehnung des beweglichen Elements (2) beträgt.
  4. Pumpe gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche der Oberseite (120a) des Vorsprungs (120) größer als die Oberfläche der Unterseite (120b) ist.
  5. Pumpe gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der obere Anschlag (12a) vier Vorsprünge (120, 121, 122, 123) umfasst, von denen jeweils zwei einander diametral gegenüberliegen.
  6. Pumpe gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vier Vorsprünge vorzugsweise durch freie Sektoren (14) getrennt sind, die das Produkt durchlassen können.
  7. Pumpe gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die freien Sektoren (14) eine Winkellänge zwischen 30° und 80° aufweisen.
  8. Herstellungsverfahren für eine Pumpe gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Pumpenbauteil (1) mit mindestens einem unterbrochenen inneren Vorsprung (120), der auf der Innenwand des Bauteils mittels eines Gesenks (P) geformt wird, ausgeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vorsprung (120) mit einem Innenrand (120c) geformt wird, dessen Erzeugende parallel zur Achse des Bauteils sind und der an der Verbindungsstelle mit der Unterseite (120b) eine kreisförmige Berührungslinie mit dem beweglichen Element (2) in der Anschlagstellung oben begrenzt.
  9. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bauteil im Inneren dadurch geformt wird, dass mit dem Gesenk (P) der die Wand bildende Werkstoff nach unten und ins Innere gedrängt wird, um die Aushöhlung (10) zum Teil zu verschließen.
  10. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bauteil (1) im Inneren mit einem Gesenk (P) mit vier Blättern (L) geformt wird, von denen jeweils zwei einander diametral gegenüberliegen.
  11. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegliche Element (2) vor der Bildung des inneren Vorsprungs (120) in den unteren Teil des Bauteils (1) eingebracht wird.
EP98941492A 1997-08-01 1998-07-30 Pumpengehaüse und verfahren zur dessen herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP1000246B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9709861A FR2766879B1 (fr) 1997-08-01 1997-08-01 Perfectionnement d'un corps de pompe et procede de fabrication
FR9709861 1997-08-01
PCT/FR1998/001691 WO1999006701A1 (fr) 1997-08-01 1998-07-30 Perfectionnement d'un corps de pompe et procede de fabrication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1000246A1 EP1000246A1 (de) 2000-05-17
EP1000246B1 true EP1000246B1 (de) 2001-10-24

Family

ID=9509920

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98941492A Expired - Lifetime EP1000246B1 (de) 1997-08-01 1998-07-30 Pumpengehaüse und verfahren zur dessen herstellung

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US6343916B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1000246B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2001512214A (de)
CN (1) CN1097167C (de)
AT (1) ATE207578T1 (de)
AU (1) AU8985098A (de)
BR (1) BR9810848A (de)
CA (1) CA2299520A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69802195T2 (de)
DK (1) DK1000246T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2167925T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2766879B1 (de)
PT (1) PT1000246E (de)
TW (1) TW408080B (de)
WO (1) WO1999006701A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2849477B1 (fr) * 2002-12-26 2006-05-19 Rexam Dispensing Sys Procede d'integration d'un clapet anti-retour a bille dans un corps de pompe
US9475607B2 (en) * 2008-10-01 2016-10-25 Rehrig Pacific Company Plastic beer keg
AU2010239438B2 (en) * 2009-04-20 2016-08-11 Rehrig Pacific Company Plastic beer keg
US8967407B2 (en) * 2009-07-27 2015-03-03 Rehrig Pacific Company Plastic beer keg
US9434505B2 (en) * 2010-01-26 2016-09-06 Rehrig Pacific Company Plastic beer keg
US9528618B2 (en) 2010-07-12 2016-12-27 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Filter assembly
EP2450290B1 (de) * 2010-11-09 2014-03-19 Rehrig Pacific Company Kunststoffbierfass
CA2757748C (en) 2010-11-09 2018-07-03 Rehrig Pacific Company Plastic beer keg
CN103062038B (zh) * 2011-10-21 2015-12-23 兴必盛塑业(南通)有限公司 桌上型液体泵出机
FR2995801B1 (fr) 2012-09-27 2016-02-19 Rexam Dispensing Sys Procede de realisation d’un corps de pompe pour la distribution d’un produit fluide
JP6319977B2 (ja) * 2013-09-27 2018-05-09 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー カプセルフィルタ
US9670049B2 (en) 2014-06-23 2017-06-06 Rehrig Pacific Company Plastic beer keg
CN108591032B (zh) * 2018-07-06 2024-02-02 上海如迪流体输送设备有限公司 卫生级气动隔膜泵

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2294568A (en) * 1941-04-21 1942-09-01 Karl P Neilsen Ball valve cage
US3044413A (en) * 1959-09-21 1962-07-17 Drackett Co Pump pistons
NO783258L (no) * 1977-09-27 1979-03-28 Unilever Nv Pumpedispenser.
US4197875A (en) * 1978-05-16 1980-04-15 Liquid Metronics Incorporated Ball check valve
JPS5573364A (en) * 1978-11-25 1980-06-03 Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd Pump mechanism for manual small sized atomizer
JP2826847B2 (ja) * 1989-11-13 1998-11-18 株式会社吉野工業所 液体噴出器用シリンダ部材の弁室形成方法
JPH03161006A (ja) * 1989-11-17 1991-07-11 Hitachi Ltd 吸着塔構造
JP2826848B2 (ja) * 1989-11-21 1998-11-18 株式会社吉野工業所 液体噴出器用シリンダ部材の弁室形成方法
FR2764005B1 (fr) * 1997-05-29 2004-12-10 Sofab Pompe a piston articule
US6045008A (en) * 1998-04-30 2000-04-04 Calmar-Monturas, S.A. Fluid pump dispenser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2001512214A (ja) 2001-08-21
US6343916B1 (en) 2002-02-05
TW408080B (en) 2000-10-11
DE69802195D1 (de) 2001-11-29
FR2766879B1 (fr) 1999-10-22
CN1097167C (zh) 2002-12-25
AU8985098A (en) 1999-02-22
CN1269000A (zh) 2000-10-04
DK1000246T3 (da) 2002-02-18
ATE207578T1 (de) 2001-11-15
CA2299520A1 (en) 1999-02-11
DE69802195T2 (de) 2002-06-20
FR2766879A1 (fr) 1999-02-05
BR9810848A (pt) 2000-07-25
WO1999006701A1 (fr) 1999-02-11
HK1030446A1 (en) 2001-05-04
ES2167925T3 (es) 2002-05-16
PT1000246E (pt) 2002-04-29
EP1000246A1 (de) 2000-05-17

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