EP1030341A1 - Hochfrequenzgenerator mit sehr hoher Leistung - Google Patents

Hochfrequenzgenerator mit sehr hoher Leistung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1030341A1
EP1030341A1 EP00400406A EP00400406A EP1030341A1 EP 1030341 A1 EP1030341 A1 EP 1030341A1 EP 00400406 A EP00400406 A EP 00400406A EP 00400406 A EP00400406 A EP 00400406A EP 1030341 A1 EP1030341 A1 EP 1030341A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
generator according
cathode
input
output
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00400406A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Guy Thomson-CSF Prop. Int. Dept. Brevets Clerc
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Electron Devices SA
Original Assignee
Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Tubes Electroniques filed Critical Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Publication of EP1030341A1 publication Critical patent/EP1030341A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
    • H01J23/38—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/14—Leading-in arrangements; Seals therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/34—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/04—Tubes having one or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly density modulation, e.g. Heaff tube

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to generators very high power radio frequency. These generators intended especially for scientific applications, must be able to operate at frequencies of the order of 20 to 200 MHz or possibly a little plus and provide, in pulse mode, peak powers of several tens of megawatts. In continuous mode the powers are significantly lower.
  • Klystrons can provide these powers but they work in microwave, that is to say at much higher frequencies.
  • An IOT has an axial electron beam and uses in input the principle of amplitude modulation as in the tubes grids and outlets the axial structure of the modulation tubes speed as in klystrons.
  • the tube successively comprises a barrel with electron 1 built around an axis of revolution XX 'and along the axis an anode 5 forming a first sliding tube which opens into an interaction space 6 of a single resonant output cavity 7, the interaction space 6 being delimited by a second sliding tube 8 which faces the first, then a collector 15.
  • the two spouts of the tubes of sliding are opposite.
  • the barrel 1 has a cathode 2, its heating filament 3 and a grid 4.
  • the cathode space 2 / grid 4 forms the tube input circuit and the routing of the input signal E to tube input circuit is usually done through a coaxial cavity resonant input 9 coupled to the cathode / grid space.
  • the signal input E to be amplified is introduced into the cavity 9 using means of inductive loop coupling in the example described.
  • This input signal E is supplied by means external to the tube generally including a preamplifier (not shown).
  • Grid 4 and cathode 2 are brought to high voltages negative continuous and the electrons emitted by the cathode emerge from the grid 4 in the form of a bundle 10 in bundles already modulated in density by the input signal E unlike what happens in a klystron.
  • the beam 10 is longitudinal with axis XX '.
  • the beam electrons 10 attracted and focused by the anode 5 enter the outlet cavity 7 and cross the interaction space 6 where they couple to the field electromagnetic of the resonant cavity 7. From this outlet cavity 7 an output signal S, of much higher power than that of the signal input E, can be extracted.
  • the electrons having given up a large part their energy is then collected by the wall of the collector 15.
  • the anode 5 is generally brought to ground, the collector 15 can be also to ground or to a voltage slightly different from the mass.
  • the input signal E carries the modulation.
  • the input coaxial cavity 9, formed of two cylinders 90, 91 coaxial conductors, is generally provided a device 11 for adjusting its resonant frequency, for example piston type whose position is adjustable. For safety reasons and to decouple the high voltage preamplifier, this cavity input coaxial 9 is brought to electrical ground.
  • a capacitor decoupling C1 ensures electrical isolation, from a continuous point of view, between the inner cylinder 90 and the cathode 2 and another capacitor of decoupling C2 provides electrical isolation between the outer cylinder 91 and the modulation grid 4.
  • These capacitors C1, C2 can be made by insulating sheets clamped respectively between a cavity cylinder 90, 91 and a cylindrical part 13, 16 connected to the respective electrode 2, 4.
  • the high voltages are of the order of a few tens of kilovolts, the cathode being less negative than the grid.
  • the output signal S amplified in power with respect to the input signal E is extracted from the output cavity 7 by capacitive coupling or selfic.
  • capacitive coupling or selfic.
  • it is an inductive coupling which is represented in the form of a conductor 12 which defines a loop in the cavity of output 7. It is transmitted to a user device such as an antenna (not shown).
  • the interior of the tube is conventionally subjected to vacuum.
  • the seal is ensured at the outlet cavity 7 by a dielectric sleeve 14 which allows the energy to be extracted to pass.
  • a part of the output cavity 7 is external. It is delimited by walls which come to rest on the sleeve on the side where it is not subjected to vacuum.
  • the klystrons operating either continuously or in pulses, can provide great powers because the barrel is raised to high voltages while the input signal to be amplified is introduced into the first cavity of the tube. There is no disturbance between the high voltage and the signal to be amplified.
  • the input signal to be amplified is injected into the cathode-grid space while the cathode and the grid are simultaneously brought to high voltages.
  • high voltages are no longer of the order of a few tens of kilovolts but must reach a few hundred kilovolts.
  • capacitors placed between the two walls of the input coaxial cavity and respectively the cathode and the grid of the same kind as those described in Figure 1 would be ineffective. Decoupling becomes very difficult to carry out because the risks of breakdowns are extremely important because of the very high levels tension and small dimensions involved.
  • the present invention solves this problem and reduce the risk of breakdown.
  • the present invention proposes to confine the means to produce the signal to be amplified, applied to the cathode / grid space, the means for routing it to the barrel and the barrel of the tube with inductive output (IOT) in a shielded enclosure electrostatically and electrically isolated from the potential of the anode, and connect this shielded enclosure to the means producing the high voltage.
  • IOT inductive output
  • the radio frequency generator object of the invention comprises an inductive outlet tube with an electron gun followed by an anode, the barrel being intended to be brought to a high voltage, means for producing an input radio frequency signal and means for routing it to the inductive outlet tube which provides a output signal amplified in power with respect to the input signal.
  • the means for producing the input radio frequency signal, means for route it to the inductive outlet tube and the barrel is confined in a electrostatically shielded enclosure, electrically isolated from potential of the anode and intended to be brought to high voltage, the barrel receiving high voltage through the shielded enclosure.
  • the anode is generally worn, for safety reasons, to the electrical ground (i.e. the ground potential) and the shielded enclosure may rest on at least one dielectric support placed on the ground.
  • Means for producing the radiofrequency input signal may include a radio frequency source which powers a preamplifier, the preamplifier delivering the radio frequency signal entry.
  • Means for routing the input radio frequency signal to the tube with inductive output may include a resonant input circuit connected between the grid and the cathode of the tube.
  • the resonant circuit can be with distributed constants or localized, the choice depends in particular on the frequency chosen.
  • Means for producing the input signal to be amplified can be supplied with electrical power by the secondary minus an isolation transformer, one point of which is connected to the enclosure shielded, its primary being connected at one point to earth.
  • the primary of transformer can be outside the shielded enclosure and the secondary inside.
  • the means for producing the input signal to be amplified are powered by at least one battery placed inside the enclosure shielded to limit the action of spurious signals due to the edges of voltage pulses.
  • the cathode of the tube with inductive output which is electrically connected to the shielded enclosure, and the grid is then polarized with respect to the cathode using a polarization source placed in the shielded enclosure.
  • the heater can receive the power it has the secondary needs at least one isolation transformer, of which a point is connected to the shielded enclosure, its primary being connected at a point to ground.
  • the transformer primary may be outside of the shielded enclosure and the secondary inside.
  • Isolation transformers can be combined into one alone.
  • the anode ends with a spout which delimits with a second spout coming opposite an interaction space for electrons produced by the barrel, this interaction space being coupled to an output resonant circuit from which the signal is extracted exit.
  • the resonant output circuit can be distributed constant or localized.
  • optical means to command and control the input signal to be amplified and / or the heating device.
  • the radiofrequency generator according to the invention illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 includes CE means for producing a signal input radio frequency E to be amplified and means 36 for routing it to an IOT (or tube with inductive output) referenced K which provides a signal output S amplified in power compared to the input signal E.
  • IOT or tube with inductive output
  • IOT K has some similarities to that classic described in Figure 1.
  • the barrel 25 is intended to emit an electron beam (not shown for clarity) through an isolated anode 29 electrically from the barrel 25 by a dielectric sleeve 30.
  • the anode 29 in the form of a sliding tube ends in a spout 31 contributing to define, with the help of a second spout 32 placed opposite, a space 33 between the electrons produced by cathode 26 and the field electromagnetic which is established there.
  • the second spout 32 extends into a collector 35 which collects the beam electrons at their exit from the interaction space 33.
  • the second spout 32 and the manifold 35 are electrically isolated from one of the other as shown in Figure 1.
  • Means for routing the input radio frequency signal E at IOT K are made by an input resonant circuit 36 coupled to space 34 cathode / grid of the IOT.
  • CE means to produce the input signal E, the input resonant circuit 36 and the barrel 25 are placed in an enclosure 37 electrostatically shielded, isolated electrically from the potential of the anode 29 of the IOT.
  • This shielded enclosure 37 is brought to a high voltage delivered by a power supply 39, this high voltage being intended for the barrel 25 of the IOT, the barrel 25 is carried at this high voltage via the shielded enclosure 37.
  • the high power supply 39 voltage is outside enclosure 37.
  • the anode 29 is brought to the electrical ground (ground potential) and therefore the shielded enclosure 37 is electrically isolated of this mass by at least one dielectric support 38 which provides a low capacity between enclosure 37 and earth.
  • the insulation electrical shielded enclosure 37 with respect to the anode 29 is done by two dielectric supports 38 which rest on the ground at the same potential as the anode. They then also have a mechanical role.
  • the sleeve dielectric 30 also contributes to this insulation.
  • Other configurations are conceivable for isolating the shielded enclosure 37 from the anode 29.
  • the means CE for producing the input signal E comprise a radiofrequency source 40 which supplies a preamplifier 41 whose output is connected to the input resonant circuit 36.
  • the source radio frequency 40 generates a low level signal in a band of desired frequency and it is this low level signal, preamplified by the preamplifier 41 which gives the radiofrequency input signal E to amplify in the IOT K.
  • the preamplifier 41 can be in solid state or with electron tube, by example include a plane triode, it depends on the frequency and the power of the input signal E to be produced.
  • the preamplifier 41 can have one or more amplification stages. The realization of such preamplifiers is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the electrical supply of CE means to produce the radio signal input E can be done via secondary 42.2 minus an isolation transformer 42.
  • the secondary 42.2 of the transformer is connected at one point to the shielded enclosure 37 and its primary 42.1 is connected at one point to earth.
  • secondary 42.2 of the transformer is located inside the shielded enclosure 37 and the primary 42.1 is outside. We can consider placing differently the primary and secondary of the transformer. Primary 42.1 and secondary 42.2 of transformer 42 will be sufficiently isolated one of the other to withstand the high voltage applied to the shielded enclosure 37.
  • the resonant input circuit 36 can be constant distributed, i.e. formed of a coaxial cavity comprising a cylinder internal 36.1 and an external cylinder 36.2, the internal cylinder 36.1 being connected electrically at cathode 26 and external cylinder 36.2 at grid 28.
  • the input signal E is transmitted to the grid / cathode space 34 by coupling means 43 capacitive or inductive in a conventional manner in LOTs or grid tubes.
  • an inductive loop is shown, its end being in contact with the internal cylinder 36.1. This configuration can be used advantageously if the dimensions of the grid / cathode space 34 are relatively large in front of the wavelength of the signal to be amplified.
  • FIG. 3 shows a parallel resonant circuit 36.3 represented by a circuit R, L, C mounted between grid 28 and cathode 26.
  • a parallel resonant circuit 36.3 represented by a circuit R, L, C mounted between grid 28 and cathode 26.
  • CE means to produce the input signal E to the resonant circuit.
  • Figure 3 in give an example.
  • Circuit 36.3 has two capacitors in series C3, C4 and the output of the preamplifier 41 is connected to the common point between the two capacitors C3, C4.
  • the barrel 25 is brought to the negative voltage delivered by the power supply 39 by its cathode 26 which is connected to the shielded enclosure 37.
  • This voltage can be of the order of -300 kVolts.
  • the heating device 27 shown as a filament has a of its ends connected to the cathode. It is powered by a source of power 45 which cooperates with the secondary 42.2 of a transformer isolation 42, this secondary 42.2 being connected at one point to the enclosure shielded 37.
  • the primary 42.1 of the transformer is connected at one point to the mass.
  • This transformer 42 can be common with that used for the supply of CE means to produce the input signal as illustrated in figure 2 but it is not an obligation (see figure 3).
  • the transformer secondary is located inside the enclosure and the primary outside but other arrangements are possible here too.
  • the gate 28 is brought to a more negative voltage than that of the cathode using a bias source 44 mounted between the grid and the cathode.
  • the necessary power is supplied to this source 44 by the secondary 42.2 of an isolation transformer 42, this secondary being connected at one point to the shielded enclosure 37.
  • the primary 42.1 of transformer is connected at a point to ground.
  • the transformer 42 is common with that serving for the heating device 27 and that serving for the means CE to produce the input signal but it is not an obligation.
  • a portion of the secondary serves to the CE means to produce the input signal, another portion is used for the heater 27 and yet another portion serves for the grid 28.
  • high-voltage power supply 39 connected to enclosure 37 shielded is a DC power supply.
  • high power voltage is a power supply which delivers pulses of duration appropriate. This characteristic is found in Figure 3. The power output of the radio frequency generator is much higher when the generator operates in pulses.
  • the supply of CE means to produce the signal E to amplify are made by at least one battery 46 located in the shielded enclosure 37. Indeed, during the voltage pulses of the parasites may appear in secondary 42.2 of the transformer 42 which risk damaging source components radio frequency 40 or preamplifier 41. Such disadvantages do not appear with battery 46. This characteristic is illustrated in figure 3.
  • optical means 47 for carry out command and control inside the enclosure, by example, order the start-up of the radiofrequency source 40, and / or the preamplifier 41 and / or the heating device 27, and / or the frequency of the radio frequency source 40 and / or the frequency of the preamplifier if it is tube.
  • These means 47 are made on the basis of 47.1 optical fiber, part of which penetrates and extends inside the shielded enclosure 37.
  • One end of the fiber 47.1 outside the speaker receives a light signal which is transported to the other end in the shielded enclosure. This other end illuminates a photosensitive device 47.2 which contributes to achieving the corresponding command.
  • the component can be a photodiode which when illuminated closes a circuit adapted to what must be ordered.
  • the photosensitive device 47.2 shown is connected only to CE means to produce the input signal, for the sake of clarity. Of such optical means 47 are perfectly insensitive to high tensions.
  • the very high power output signal S is extracted from a resonant output circuit located at the interaction space 33.
  • the output resonant circuit has distributed constants and takes the form of a resonant cavity 48 comparable to that shown in Figure 1.
  • a dielectric sleeve 49 integral with one side of the anode 29 and the other of the second nozzle 32.
  • the extraction of the output signal S is done by a inductive coupling.
  • a conductive loop 50 plunges into the cavity 48 and comes into contact with its wall. Outside the cavity 48, the energy taken by the loop 50 can be transmitted to an antenna (not shown) by a coaxial line 51 which extends the loop 50.
  • the resonant output circuit 52 is a parallel resonant circuit connected between the anode 29 and the second nozzle 32.
  • This parallel resonant circuit 52 is represented by a circuit L, C.
  • the means for extracting the output signal S are shown diagrammatically by a load 53, connected in parallel with the resonant output circuit 52.
  • the resonant circuits contained in the generator are set to sound at the desired frequency. In this category, we must not forget those of the CE means to produce the input signal E which have not been detailed. If among the circuits resonant of the generator, some with distributed constants, the tuning in frequency can be done by modifying the resonance volume by known means for moving walls, these means are shown diagrammatically by the double arrow in figure 2. If some are constant localized; the agreement is made by the choice of their components such as variable chokes or capacitors. This characteristic is shown schematically in Figure 3.

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  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
EP00400406A 1999-02-16 2000-02-11 Hochfrequenzgenerator mit sehr hoher Leistung Withdrawn EP1030341A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9901859A FR2789800B1 (fr) 1999-02-16 1999-02-16 Generateur radiofrequence de tres grande puissance
FR9901859 1999-02-16

Publications (1)

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EP1030341A1 true EP1030341A1 (de) 2000-08-23

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EP00400406A Withdrawn EP1030341A1 (de) 1999-02-16 2000-02-11 Hochfrequenzgenerator mit sehr hoher Leistung

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US (1) US6300715B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1030341A1 (de)
CA (1) CA2298321A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2789800B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2048688A3 (de) * 2007-10-12 2010-04-14 NEC Microwave Tube, Ltd. Netzteilgerät und Hochfrequenzschaltungssystem

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3042307B1 (fr) * 2015-10-07 2017-11-03 Thales Sa Equilibrage d'un tube a sortie inductive multifaisceau
EP3364440A1 (de) * 2017-02-16 2018-08-22 Adam S.A. Iot-basiertes spannungsversorgungssystem
CN107452581B (zh) * 2017-06-15 2023-06-02 湖北汉光科技股份有限公司 速调管用阴极热子组合件与热子引出杆连接结构

Citations (3)

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JPH04301341A (ja) * 1991-03-29 1992-10-23 Nec Corp 進行波管
JPH05276754A (ja) * 1992-03-25 1993-10-22 Origin Electric Co Ltd 進行波管用電源装置
US5313138A (en) * 1990-11-09 1994-05-17 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Electron gun modulated by optoelectronic switching

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FR2445605A1 (fr) 1978-12-27 1980-07-25 Thomson Csf Cathode a chauffage direct et tube electronique haute frequence comportant une telle cathode
FR2498372A1 (fr) 1981-01-16 1982-07-23 Thomson Csf Cathode a chauffage direct, son procede de fabrication, et tube electronique incorporant une telle cathode
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FR2728386B1 (fr) 1994-12-20 1997-01-24 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube electronique a grille a performances ameliorees
FR2733856B1 (fr) 1995-05-05 1997-08-29 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Cathode pour canon a electrons a grille, grille destinee a etre associee avec une telle cathode et canon a electrons comportant une telle cathode
FR2745951B1 (fr) 1996-03-05 1998-06-05 Thomson Csf Cathode thermoionique et son procede de fabrication
US6084353A (en) * 1997-06-03 2000-07-04 Communications And Power Industries, Inc. Coaxial inductive output tube having an annular output cavity

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5313138A (en) * 1990-11-09 1994-05-17 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Electron gun modulated by optoelectronic switching
JPH04301341A (ja) * 1991-03-29 1992-10-23 Nec Corp 進行波管
JPH05276754A (ja) * 1992-03-25 1993-10-22 Origin Electric Co Ltd 進行波管用電源装置

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 063 (E - 1500) 2 February 1994 (1994-02-02) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2048688A3 (de) * 2007-10-12 2010-04-14 NEC Microwave Tube, Ltd. Netzteilgerät und Hochfrequenzschaltungssystem
US7952288B2 (en) 2007-10-12 2011-05-31 Nec Microwave Tube, Ltd. Power supply apparatus and high-frequency circuit system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2789800B1 (fr) 2001-05-11
US6300715B1 (en) 2001-10-09
FR2789800A1 (fr) 2000-08-18
CA2298321A1 (fr) 2000-08-16

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