EP1031161B1 - Mikrorelais - Google Patents
Mikrorelais Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1031161B1 EP1031161B1 EP98965580A EP98965580A EP1031161B1 EP 1031161 B1 EP1031161 B1 EP 1031161B1 EP 98965580 A EP98965580 A EP 98965580A EP 98965580 A EP98965580 A EP 98965580A EP 1031161 B1 EP1031161 B1 EP 1031161B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coil
- relay according
- substrate
- micro relay
- trough
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/005—Details of electromagnetic relays using micromechanics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/44—Magnetic coils or windings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microsystem technically manufactured micro relay as well as a Process for its manufacture. Especially in the Fields of telecommunications, medical technology, Data processing, measurement technology and in the automotive sector a great need for miniaturized relays.
- relays So far, have been used for a variety of applications mainly electrostatic relays used. This However, relays require high voltages (typically in the range of 100 V), so that specially designed Control devices and insulation measures for operation are necessary. However, this increases the system costs.
- Microrelay consists of one or more conventional ones small electromagnet over which a flat one Contact spring is moved. Hosaka examined it especially the influence of the contact force on the Contact resistance, the dependence of the size of the Breakdown voltage of the width of the electrode gap as well as the behavior of different Contact spring geometry. With the micro relay from Hosaka high switching speeds (around 1 kHz) realize. However, this microrelay cannot be used Means of semiconductor technology are produced.
- Microsystems technology Microrelay known. These consist of a planar Magnetic field generating coil and free-standing contact arms of the working circuit, the were generated by suitable etching techniques.
- planar coils are very susceptible to magnetic fields (see e.g. H. Meinke et al., Taschenbuch der Hochfrequenztechnik, Springer-Verlag Berlin (1968), p. 19). That with planar coils generated magnetic field is also very inhomogeneous, and the maximum field strength density is limited. The latter is particularly due to the small cable cross-section (with the consequence of a low current flow), which results from the necessary limitation of the large space requirement planar coils.
- the object of the present invention is a Microrelay and a method of manufacturing the same to indicate that a longer life and a less wear than known microrelays has planar coil, and simply by means of Semiconductor technology can be produced.
- the microrelay according to the invention consists of how known microrelay, from an excitation coil Generation of a magnetic field and an or several contact elements.
- the contact elements can in this case, for example, clamped on one side, free-standing contact arms or contact springs. Also elastic contact bridges clamped on both sides or comparable contact elements clamped on several sides are suitable. These contact elements are made by Effect of the magnetic field of the coil on one Pressed or released contact surface, so that thereby a contact in a working circuit is closed or opened.
- This conical arrangement of the coil turns induces a much more homogeneous magnetic field than in the case of planar coils. Due to this more homogeneous magnetic field, a higher contact pressure of the contact elements on the contact surfaces is generated, so that a higher wear resistance and longer life of the electromagnetic relay can be achieved. Switching times are also shortened.
- a larger conductor cross-section of the excitation coils, which can be generated due to the smaller area requirement of the conical coil, enables the use of higher currents and thus the generation of stronger magnetic fields. This makes it possible to maintain larger distances between the contact arms, so that the switchable voltage in the working circuit can be increased.
- a further increase in field strength can be done easily Way by filling the interior of the conical coil can be achieved with ferromagnetic material. On complete filling of the interior is from Advantage.
- microrelay according to the invention is the easy integration into one Semiconductor substrate, as is the case with the invention Procedure is carried out. The proceeding continues the advantage that all components of the microrelay in one process run together on one Semiconductor wafer can be produced.
- the semiconductor compatibility manufacturability of the microrelay is of particular advantage.
- this is electromagnetic microrelay of two microsystem technically manufactured parts, one component with the excitation coil and a component with Contact elements, assembled.
- the component with the excitation coil consists of an anisotropic trench etched into a silicon wafer, the Floor area over a highly doped diffusion area the opposite side of the disc (in the following arbitrarily referred to as the front) electrical connected is.
- On an insulation layer on the A metal layer is deposited on the trench walls.
- the intended coil structure is produced by means of photoresists.
- the contact areas as well the lead out of a coil connection on the Rear of disc formed.
- the second coil connector is through the via (the highly doped Diffusion area) on the front of the disc guided.
- the contact elements are also anisotropic Etching a trench into a silicon substrate Use of the etch stop on highly doped layers manufactured.
- free-standing booms or Tongues as contact arms
- Tongues as contact arms
- By applying a system layers that are braced against each other is also the bend and thus the distance between the tongues and the contact surfaces adjustable on the coil unit. It is about here layers with different thermal Expansion coefficient.
- the two components are placed on top of each other, whereby different bonding techniques can be used. Furthermore, the connections to the housing are made.
- Fig. 1 shows a coil unit of a microrelay according to the invention with contacts for a two-pole relay.
- the side of the coil unit visible in FIG. 1 is referred to as the rear side.
- the coil unit is formed from a silicon substrate 4 which has an anisotropically etched trench 6.
- the coil turns of the excitation coil 1 are located on the trench walls.
- One coil end is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the coil contact 10 on the front side of the substrate 4 via the highly doped silicon region 7 at the bottom of the trench 6.
- the coil contact 10 is separated from the silicon substrate 4 by an insulation layer 13 (SiO 2 ).
- the coil turns of the coil 1 and the further connection surfaces on the back of the substrate are insulated from it by a layer 22.
- the input poles 3a and the output poles 3b forming the contact surfaces are also arranged on the back of the substrate 4.
- a working circuit is closed by connecting the input poles to the output poles via the contact springs of the further component (FIG. 2).
- the coil contact 11 and solder contacts 9 are located on the back of the substrate.
- FIG. 2 shows a unit with spring contacts 2 which, together with the coil unit from FIG. 1, form a microrelay according to the invention.
- the visible surface of this unit is referred to below as the front.
- the unit with the spring contacts consists of a silicon substrate 5 with an anisotropically etched trench 8, through which the spring contacts are exposed.
- the spring contacts 2 themselves consist of a layer sequence of highly doped n ++ silicon, SiO 2 / Si 3 N 4 , chromium , Nickel and gold.
- Typical slice thicknesses are here between 300 ⁇ m and 700 ⁇ m.
- Disc diameter of 100 mm or 150 mm usual which a variety of micro-relays according to the invention can be manufactured.
- the microrelay consists of two micromechanically Silicon manufactured parts (coil component and Spring contact component), which at the end of the Manufacturing process are put on top of each other. So far Unless otherwise described, the following relate Manufacturing steps on both sub-elements. differing Process steps are shown by separate figures characterized.
- the silicon wafer 4, 5 is first thermally Scattering oxide 13 for the subsequent implantation step grew up (see Fig. 3).
- the typical thickness of the Scatter oxide layer 13 is in the range of 20 nm here Oxide grows on both sides of the disc.
- High dose ion implantation follows to produce highly doped n regions 7, 16.
- Typical elements for the n ++ implantation are phosphorus and arsenic.
- the scatter oxide 13 is then removed by wet chemistry at the exposed locations on the front side and on the entire rear side.
- the lacquer layer 15 is then removed.
- n ++ layer 7, 16 forms in the p-doped silicon substrate 4, 5 (see FIG. 4).
- This highly doped area is necessary for the electrochemical etching stop in the subsequent anisotropic etching step and as an electrical contact area 7 for the excitation coil. Furthermore, these highly doped areas are not attacked by the anisotropic etching solution, so that free-standing cantilevers or tongues 2 are formed for the spring contacts.
- the depth of the n-region 7, 16 is up to 10 ⁇ m.
- Silicon nitride 18 is deposited on the back of the substrate 4, 5 as a mask for the anisotropic etching by means of cathode sputtering (see FIG. 4). This is followed by lacquering 19 of the rear side and the photolithographic exposure of the region to be etched anisotropically (cf. FIG. 4).
- the spring contact component is a combination of silicon oxide and deposited silicon nitride.
- 5B shows this Layer 14. Silicon oxide has a lower one thermal expansion coefficient as silicon, Silicon nitride a higher.
- both components in the layer lifting process is now the Front coated and structured photolithographically.
- a negative paint 20 with thicknesses between 2 and 5 ⁇ m to choose.
- This layer combination 21 is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B detect.
- Nickel is ferromagnetic and therefore also serves as a magnet to attract or repel the Spring contact arms. The thicker the layer will be run the better the switching behavior of the relay.
- the coil component is then coated on the front (not shown in the figures) to the surface in front of the to protect subsequent processes.
- an isotropic etching step e.g. in a dilute Hydrofluoric acid
- anisotropic etching Edges with approx. 3 to 5 ⁇ m overhang see. Fig. 6A, 6B and 7) rounded. The result can be seen in FIG. 8.
- a low temperature oxide is placed on the etched back 22 deposited (e.g. with cathode sputtering), which as electrical insulator to the silicon substrate. Then a thin, if possible reflection-free metal layer 23 (for example titanium deposited with a layer thickness of 50 nm) (see Fig. 8).
- Lacquer 24 is now electrochemically applied to this metal layer deposited with a thickness of 5 to 25 ⁇ m (for example Electroplating varnish PEPR 2400, company Shipley) and structured photolithographically, so that the area over the via 7 is exposed (see Fig. 8). Then the Titan 23 and the Oxide layer 22 removed by wet chemical means (see FIG. 9). In the next step, the galvanic lacquer 24 is removed.
- Electroplating varnish PEPR 2400 for example Electroplating varnish PEPR 2400, company Shipley
- the Titan 23 and the Oxide layer 22 removed by wet chemical means (see FIG. 9).
- the galvanic lacquer 24 is removed.
- the titanium / nickel layer 25 on the open Places removed by wet chemistry.
- the titanium / titanium / nickel layer is drawn as a layer in Figure 10.
- the electroplating lacquer 26 is removed.
- Fig. 11 shows the composite components that the invention Form micro relays.
- 1 and 2 show a two-pole relay, which in Has open contacts. It can be however, with the above method also one or more poles Establish relays that open or at rest have a closed contact in the idle state can.
- bimetallic Spring contact arms advantageous as this is the manufacture of bimetallic relays, the states of which are indicated by short Current pulses can be exchanged.
- the microrelay according to the invention for the Use in the field of power electronics in particular suitable.
- the low level is characteristic of the relay Size and the low power requirement of the Electromagnets as well as an ideal conductor separation.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
Ein größerer Leiterquerschnitt der Erregerspulen, der aufgrund des geringeren flächigen Platzbedarfs der konischen Spule erzeugt werden kann, ermöglicht die Verwendung höherer Ströme und damit die Erzeugung stärkerer magnetischer Felder. Damit ist die Einhaltung größerer Abstände der Kontaktarme möglich, so daß die schaltbare Spannung im Arbeitsstromkreis erhöht werden kann.
- Fig. 1
- ein Beispiel für die Ausgestaltung der Spuleneinheit des erfindungsgemäßen Mikrorelais;
- Fig. 2
- ein Beispiel für die Einheit mit den Kontaktelementen des erfindungsgemäßen Mikrorelais;
- Fig. 3 bis 11
- verschiedene Herstellungsschritte der Einheiten des erfindungsgemäßen Mikrorelais gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2; und
- Fig. 12 und 13
- eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Spuleneinheit und der Einheit mit den Kontaktelementen eines erfindungsgemäßen Mikrorelais.
Die Spuleneinheit ist aus einem Siliziumsubstrat 4 gebildet, das einen anisotrop geätzten Graben 6 aufweist. An den Grabenwänden befinden sich die Spulenwindungen der Erregerspule 1. Ein Spulenende ist über das hochdotierte Siliziumgebiet 7 am Boden des Grabens 6 elektrisch leitend mit dem Spulenkontakt 10 auf der Vorderseite des Substrates 4 verbunden. Der Spulenkontakt 10 ist von dem Siliziumsubstrat 4 durch eine Isolationsschicht 13 (SiO2) getrennt. Ebenso sind die Spulenwindungen der Spule 1 und die weiteren Anschlußflächen auf der Rückseite des Substrates von diesem durch eine Schicht 22 isoliert. Auf der Rückseite des Substrates 4 sind weiterhin die Eingangspole 3a und die die Kontaktflächen bildenden Ausgangspole 3b angeordnet. Durch Verbinden der Ein- mit den Ausgangspolen über die Kontaktfedern des weiteren Bauteils (Fig. 2) wird ein Arbeitsstromkreis geschlossen. Weiterhin befinden sich der Spulenkontakt 11 sowie Lötkontakte 9 auf der Rückseite des Substrates.
Anschließend wird das Streuoxid 13 an den freiliegenden Stellen der Vorderseite sowie auf der gesamten Rückseite naßchemisch entfernt. Danach wird die Lackschicht 15 abgezogen.
Es folgt eine Belackung 19 der Rückseite und die photolithographische Freilegung des anisotrop zu ätzenden Bereichs (vgl. Fig. 4).
Claims (19)
- Mikrorelais bestehend aus einer Erregerspule (1) zur Erzeugung eines magnetischen Feldes, und einem oder mehreren Kontaktelementen (2), die durch Einwirkung des magnetischen Feldes der Spule einen Kontakt (3) öffnen oder schließen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spule (1) eine konische Form aufweist. - Mikrorelais nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spule in ein Halbleitersubstrat (4) integriert ist.
- Mikrorelais nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der von der Spule umschlossene Innenraum mit einem ferromagnetischen Material befüllt ist.
- Mikrorelais nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im von der Spule umschlossenen Innenraum ein Ferritkern angeordnet ist.
- Mikrorelais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der/die Kontaktelemente in Form von freistehenden Kontaktarmen ausgeführt sind.
- Mikrorelais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der/die Kontaktelemente in Form von Federkontakten ausgeführt sind.
- Mikrorelais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Relais aus zwei mikromechanisch gefertigten Teilen zusammengesetzt ist, einer Spuleneinheit (4) und einer Einheit (5) mit einem oder mehreren Kontaktelementen.
- Mikrorelais nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spuleneinheit aus einem Siliziumsubstrat (4) mit einem darin anisotrop geätzten Graben (6) besteht, an dessen Seitenwänden die Spulenwicklungen liegen.
- Mikrorelais nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bodenfläche des Grabens ein Ende der Spule über ein hochdotiertes Diffusionsgebiet (7) mit der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Substrates elektrisch leitend verbindet.
- Mikrorelais nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einheit mit den Kontaktelementen aus einem Siliziumsubstrat (5) mit einem darin geätzten Graben (8) besteht, über dem, ausgehend von einem Rand des Grabens, ein oder mehrere freistehende Zungen als Kontaktelemente angeordnet sind.
- Mikrorelais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der/die Kontaktelemente aus gegeneinander verspannten Schichten aufgebaut sind. - Mikrorelais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der/die Kontaktelemente eine Bimetallschicht aufweisen. - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mikrorelais nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten:anisotropes Ätzen eines Grabens (6) in ein erstes Siliziumsubstrat (4) auf einer Rückseite des Substrates;Abscheiden einer Isolationsschicht (22) in dem Graben;Abscheiden einer Schicht (23, 25) eines Spulenmaterials auf die Isolationsschicht;Abscheiden eines galvanischen Photolackes (26) auf die Schicht des Spulenmaterials;photolithographisches Strukturieren des Photolackes entsprechend einer an den Seitenwänden des Grabens zu erzeugenden Spulenstruktur;Entfernen des Spulenmaterials (23, 25) aus den freiliegenden Bereichen;Entfernen des Photolackes (26);Herstellen von Kontaktflächen (3a, 3b) und von Anschlußflächen (10, 11) für die Spulenwindungen auf Vorder- und Rückseite des ersten Substrates (4);Bereitstellen eines zweiten Siliziumsubstrates (5) mit einem oder mehreren, mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material beschichteten Kontaktelementen (2) ;Verbinden der beiden Substrate, so daß die Kontaktelemente des zweiten Substrates (5) bei Bewegung aufgrund des magnetischen Feldes der Spule entsprechende Kontakte zu Kontaktflächen (3b) im anderen Substrat (4) öffnen oder schließen.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mikrorelais nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor dem Ätzen des Grabens (6) im ersten Substrat auf der Vorderseite des Substrates (4) durch Ionenimplantation ein hochdotiertes Diffusionsgebiet (7) erzeugt wird, das die Bodenfläche des Grabens (6) bildet und die elektrische Verbindung eines Spulenendes zur Vorderseite des Substrates herstellt.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mikrorelais nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontaktelemente (2) des zweiten Siliziumsubstrates (5) durch folgende Verfahrensschritte erzeugt werden:Erzeugen eines hochdotierten Diffusionsgebietes (16), das die lateralen Abmessungen der Kontaktelemente (2) aufweist, auf einer freistehenden Kontaktarmen Vorderseite des zweiten Substrates (5) durch Ionenimplantation;Abscheiden einer elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht (21) auf diesem Gebiet;anisotropes Ätzen einer Durchführung (8) oder eines Grabens in das zweite Siliziumsubstrat von dessen Rückseite her, so daß freistehende Ausleger als Kontaktelemente freigelegt werden.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mikrorelais nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf die Kontaktelemente vor dem Ätzschritt ein System gegeneinander verspannter Schichten (14) aufgebracht wird, durch die eine gewünschte spätere Biegung der Kontaktelemente festgelegt wird.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mikrorelais nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Querschnitte der Spulenwindungen durch galvanische Metallisierung (27) erhöht werden.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mikrorelais nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spulenwindungen mit einer Isolationsschicht bedeckt und der Graben des ersten Substrates mit ferromagnetischem Material befüllt werden;
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mikrorelais nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß erstes (4) und zweites Substrat (5) auf einer gemeinsamen Halbleiterscheibe vorliegen und gleichzeitig bearbeitet werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19750559A DE19750559C1 (de) | 1997-11-14 | 1997-11-14 | Mikrorelais |
| DE19750559 | 1997-11-14 | ||
| PCT/DE1998/003407 WO1999026264A1 (de) | 1997-11-14 | 1998-11-13 | Mikrorelais |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1031161A1 EP1031161A1 (de) | 2000-08-30 |
| EP1031161B1 true EP1031161B1 (de) | 2002-02-20 |
Family
ID=7848791
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98965580A Expired - Lifetime EP1031161B1 (de) | 1997-11-14 | 1998-11-13 | Mikrorelais |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1031161B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE213565T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19750559C1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1999026264A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10319538B4 (de) | 2003-04-30 | 2008-01-17 | Qimonda Ag | Halbleitervorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Halbleitereinrichtung |
| FR2909831B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-08 | 2009-01-16 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Dispositif a eclairage variable a diodes electroluminescentes |
| IT201900012894A1 (it) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-01-25 | Carlo Gavazzi Automation S P A | Circuito di pilotaggio per il controllo di un modulo di sicurezza particolarmente per il pilotaggio di apparecchiature utilizzate negli impianti di controllo e segnalamento ferroviario e modulo di sicurezza comprendente detto circuito di pilotaggio |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB828291A (en) * | 1954-10-08 | 1960-02-17 | Burndept Ltd | Improvements in and relating to electric inductors |
| TW362222B (en) * | 1995-11-27 | 1999-06-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd | Coiled component and its production method |
| US5778513A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1998-07-14 | Denny K. Miu | Bulk fabricated electromagnetic micro-relays/micro-switches and method of making same |
-
1997
- 1997-11-14 DE DE19750559A patent/DE19750559C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-11-13 AT AT98965580T patent/ATE213565T1/de active
- 1998-11-13 DE DE59803149T patent/DE59803149D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-13 EP EP98965580A patent/EP1031161B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-13 WO PCT/DE1998/003407 patent/WO1999026264A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59803149D1 (de) | 2002-03-28 |
| DE19750559C1 (de) | 1999-02-04 |
| ATE213565T1 (de) | 2002-03-15 |
| EP1031161A1 (de) | 2000-08-30 |
| WO1999026264A1 (de) | 1999-05-27 |
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