EP1034027A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wasserteilentsalzung - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wasserteilentsalzungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1034027A1 EP1034027A1 EP98963369A EP98963369A EP1034027A1 EP 1034027 A1 EP1034027 A1 EP 1034027A1 EP 98963369 A EP98963369 A EP 98963369A EP 98963369 A EP98963369 A EP 98963369A EP 1034027 A1 EP1034027 A1 EP 1034027A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- space
- brine
- anion exchange
- cathode
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J49/00—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor
- B01J49/30—Electrical regeneration
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for partial water desalination and a device suitable for partial water desalination.
- an electrolysis cell which comprises a cathode compartment charged with anion exchangers, an anode compartment charged with cation exchangers, and a brine compartment.
- the water to be desalinated first passes through the two electrode compartments.
- a partial flow is used to remove ions from the brine room.
- the electrolytic cell of DE-OS 44 18 812 AI is a compact system, but there is the problem that precipitation, in particular carbonates, can settle in the brine space and in the anion exchange resin bed if hardness formers are present in the feed water.
- the object is achieved according to the invention with the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
- Fig.l An electrolytic cell according to the invention
- Fig.2 A modification of the electrolytic cell
- FIG. 1 shows an electrolysis cell 1 according to the invention, in which a line 2 leads into an anode space 3 with a cation exchanger 4 and an anode 5 and continues in the form of line 6, which leads into an anion exchanger space 7 with an anion exchanger 8 opens and leaves the anion exchange space 7 in the form of line 10 again.
- a line 11 With a valve 12, which continues in line 13, which enters a brine space 14, which is located between the anode and anion exchange space 3, and to the anode space 3 through a cation exchange membrane 15 and Anion exchange space 7 is delimited by an anion exchange membrane 16.
- a spacer 17 which gives mechanical stability.
- Line 18 leaves the brine space 14 and enters a degassing chamber 19.
- the degassing chamber 19 is connected to the cathode chamber 20, in which the cathode 9 is located, via line 21.
- the cathode space 20 is separated from the .anion exchange space 7 by an anion exchange membrane 22.
- Line 23 forms a return with line 13 and the degassing chamber 19, in which a pump 24 is integrated.
- a valve 25 is also located on line 10.
- the partially demineralized water emerges from line 10.
- the line 26 for the outlet of concentrated solution with the hardness formers connects to the cathode compartment 20.
- the brine space 14 has a separate input line 27.
- the same device features have the same reference numerals.
- the anode compartment 3 is arranged in the center and surrounded by two brine compartments 14, which before each include an .ion exchange space 7 with the cathode space 20.
- the water to be desalinated is introduced in a first phase through line 2 into anode space 3 loaded with cation exchanger 4.
- cation exchanger 4 Depending on the loading state of the cation exchange resin, complete or partial decationation takes place with the release of H + ions.
- the deionized water emerging from line 10 is largely pH neutral. If this first phase is operated with the application of a direct current, this leads to a disinfection of the water by 0 2 - or CIO " formation. However, the first phase can also be operated without current.
- valve 25 is open in this phase and that Valve 12 is closed, in a second phase a voltage is applied between anode 5 and cathode 9. Valve 25 is closed and valve 12.
- the water flow resulting from the partial desalination is passed through anode space 3 and anion exchange space 7 and thereafter through the lines 11 and 13 into the brine space 14. In this phase, the water flow can have a lower volume throughput than in phase 1.
- the Line 27 drinking water are introduced directly into the brine room.
- the anode and cathode processes release 3 H + ions and oxygen in the anode space and 20 OH " ions and hydrogen in the cathode space.
- the H + and OH " ions migrate in the electrical field through the ion exchange resins and regenerate them, the Cations and the anions, which were previously bound by the ion exchange process and are released into the brine space 14.
- the ions released from the regeneration process are rinsed out by the regeneration water which was introduced through the line 13.
- the degassing chamber 19 in which carbonate ions contained in the control solution are expelled in the form of C0 2 .
- the regeneration water depleted of the carbonate ions enters the cathode chamber 20 through the line 21.
- the anions x " present in the regeneration solution, such as Cl " ions migrate again in the direction of the brine space 14 through the anion exchange space
- the OH " ions formed by the electrolysis on the cathode 9 are transported into the anion exchange space 7.
- the ratio OH " / X n" (n ⁇ l) is reduced, and thus also the amount of OH " ions which enter the brine space 14 enter. This leads to a low pH in the brine space 14.
- the regeneration water can also be obtained from line 27, which opens directly into the brine space 14 without prior connection to one of the anode and cathode spaces 3, 7 charged with ion exchangers.
- the regeneration water from phase 2 of the process can be used or drinking water.
- Phases 1 and 2 are preferred Ion exchange and regeneration are carried out alternately, but it is also possible to continuously maintain partial flows in lines 10 and 11 and to carry out the ion exchange and regeneration simultaneously.
- the slightly acidic medium with a pH value of less than pH 4 enables degassing.
- the regeneration water passes through a packing in the degassing chamber 19, which leads to nucleation for gas bubbles and thus to degassing.
- the degassing is additionally promoted by the oxygen which is formed by the anode process and reaches the degassing chamber 19 through the process stream.
- degassing can also take place using other means which cause C0 2 to be driven off, for example by vacuum or thermal treatment.
- X " ions into the brine space 14 in phase 2 can be promoted by using a resin as the anion exchanger 8 which is already fully or partially loaded with Cl " or other anions other than CO 3 " ions This is particularly noticeable when the regeneration water is first run through the system, since otherwise there are no anions which reduce the 0H ⁇ / X ⁇ ratio.
- the regeneration water is by means of a bypass, which is a partial flow of the returns the brine through the regeneration water, conveyed through the brine 14 at increased speed.
- the bypass preferably runs from the degassing chamber 19 via the pump 24 to the line 13, where the water re-enters the brine space 14. This has the advantage that the regeneration water is already freed from carbonate.
- line 23, which forms the bypass can also branch off directly from line 18. The pump 24 can in the return of the
- Water can also be used in a pulsed operation, so that water conducted in the bypass is subject to a pressure fluctuation. All of these embodiments have the consequence that the brine space 14, in particular the membranes, are cleaned. The diffusion process through the anion and cation exchange membranes 16, 15 is improved, dead spaces are avoided, so that there is a more uniform pH in the brine space 14.
- the electrodes 5, 9 are reversed for a short time, so that precipitation on the cathode 9 is avoided or precipitate that forms is repelled. It is particularly practical to make the walls of the cathode chamber 20 smooth so that precipitation cannot settle, and to design the bottom of the chamber 20 in a funnel shape so that the precipitate that forms can settle and be discharged downward through the line 26.
- the device according to the invention can be mirror-symmetrical in all the embodiments according to FIG. 2, the anode space 3 or the cathode space 20 forming the center of symmetry. With these measures, the capacity of the device can be doubled and both sides of the anode 5 coated with precious metal can be used.
- a circular structure of the device according to the invention is also conceivable, in which either the anode 5 or the cathode 9 is arranged in the center.
- the ion exchange resins are preferably strongly acidic and strongly basic.
- the thicknesses of the anode space 3 filled with cathode exchanger 4 and of the anion exchange space 7 filled with anion exchanger 8 preferably have a thickness of ⁇ 20 mm. This also applies to the cathode compartment 20 and the brine compartment 14.
- the ratio of the ions OH " / X " entering the brine space 14 is reduced in that instead of introducing the volume flow leaving the brine space 14 into the cathode space 20, an external addition of X " ions into the Cathode space 20 takes place.
- the anion exchange space 7 contains strongly basic anion exchange resin 8.
- the .anion and cation exchange membranes are commercial products, for example MC 3470 and MA 3475 from Ionac.
- the anode consists of a titanium sheet coated with precious metal, the cathode 9 of a stainless steel.
- 5-30 liters of drinking water are partially desalinated at a volume flow of approx. 120 1 / h.
- the hardness of the water used decreases from 12.8 ° dH to ⁇ 1 ° dH.
- the second phase the electrochemical regeneration of the loaded resin beds, is carried out with a reduced volume flow or with drinking water of 1-2 l / h. With a maximum regeneration time of two hours, this corresponds to a total amount of liquid of 2-4 liters. With a total cell voltage between 35 V and 90 V, regeneration takes place with a cell current of 3-5 A. No special requirements are placed on the smoothing of the direct current. The cell voltage is reversed every 2 minutes for 15 seconds. The return flow of the regeneration solution via the brine space is set to 50-100 1 / h using a centrifugal pump.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752111 | 1997-11-25 | ||
| DE19752111A DE19752111C1 (de) | 1997-11-25 | 1997-11-25 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wasserteilentsalzung |
| PCT/DE1998/003446 WO1999026716A1 (de) | 1997-11-25 | 1998-11-19 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wasserteilentsalzung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1034027A1 true EP1034027A1 (de) | 2000-09-13 |
| EP1034027B1 EP1034027B1 (de) | 2005-12-28 |
Family
ID=7849717
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98963369A Expired - Lifetime EP1034027B1 (de) | 1997-11-25 | 1998-11-19 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wasserteilentsalzung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1034027B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2001523566A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19752111C1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1999026716A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006016688B3 (de) * | 2006-04-08 | 2007-09-20 | Esa Patentverwertungsagentur Sachsen-Anhalt Gmbh | Elektroentionisierungsverfahren zur Aufbereitung von bei der chemischen und/oder elektrochemischen Oberflächenbehandlung von Metallen entstehenden Spülwässern |
| JP2008161761A (ja) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-17 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 純水製造方法及び装置 |
| KR20090094161A (ko) * | 2006-12-27 | 2009-09-03 | 쿠리타 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 순수 제조 방법 및 장치 |
| JP2008161760A (ja) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-17 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 純水製造方法及び装置 |
| JP4867720B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-06 | 2012-02-01 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 純水製造方法及び装置 |
| KR101980383B1 (ko) | 2010-08-06 | 2019-05-20 | 존슨 맛쎄이 퍼블릭 리미티드 컴파니 | 전기분해식 온-사이트 발전기 |
| WO2020188370A1 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-24 | Universidade Nova De Lisboa | Electrodialytic reactor and process for the treatment of contaminated aqueous matrices |
| CN111233086A (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-05 | 佛山市云米电器科技有限公司 | 一种单向阴离子交换式滤水净化系统、方法及净水器 |
| US11339483B1 (en) | 2021-04-05 | 2022-05-24 | Alchemr, Inc. | Water electrolyzers employing anion exchange membranes |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH173419A (de) * | 1932-01-22 | 1934-11-30 | Karl Dr Glaessner | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines praktisch salz-, säure- und gasfreien Wassers. |
| DE3329813A1 (de) * | 1983-08-18 | 1985-02-28 | Gerhard K. Dipl.-Chem. Dr.-Ing. 5628 Heiligenhaus Kunz | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln von fluessigkeiten, insbesondere entsalzen waessriger loesungen |
| DE4202480C1 (de) * | 1992-01-29 | 1993-05-19 | Heraeus Elektrochemie Gmbh, 6450 Hanau, De | |
| DE4244060A1 (de) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-06-30 | Gruenbeck Josef Wasseraufb | Verfahren und Anlage zur Behandlung einer wäßrigen Lösung durch Ionenaustausch |
| DE69531415T2 (de) * | 1994-05-20 | 2004-04-15 | United States Filter Corp., Palm Desert | Kompartimente für elektrischen Entionisierungsapparat |
| DE4418812C2 (de) * | 1994-05-30 | 1999-03-25 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Einfach- und Mehrfachelektrolysezellen sowie Anordnungen davon zur Entionisierung von wäßrigen Medien |
| GB2311999B (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1999-09-08 | Elga Group Services Ltd | Apparatus and method of electrodiaysis |
| GB9607646D0 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1996-06-12 | Elga Ltd | Apparatus and method of electrodialysis |
-
1997
- 1997-11-25 DE DE19752111A patent/DE19752111C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-11-19 JP JP2000521910A patent/JP2001523566A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-11-19 EP EP98963369A patent/EP1034027B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-19 DE DE59813319T patent/DE59813319D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-19 WO PCT/DE1998/003446 patent/WO1999026716A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9926716A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59813319D1 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
| DE19752111C1 (de) | 1999-02-11 |
| WO1999026716A1 (de) | 1999-06-03 |
| JP2001523566A (ja) | 2001-11-27 |
| EP1034027B1 (de) | 2005-12-28 |
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