EP1035897A1 - Verfahren und zusammensetzungen welche feuer und explosion unterdrücken - Google Patents

Verfahren und zusammensetzungen welche feuer und explosion unterdrücken

Info

Publication number: EP1035897A1
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: suppressant; surfactant; weight; potassium; fire
Prior art date: 1997-11-12
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP98952894A

Other languages

English (en)

French (fr)

Other versions

EP1035897B1 (de

Inventor

Adam Chattaway

Stephen Richard Preece

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Kidde Graviner Ltd

Original Assignee

Kidde Graviner Ltd

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1997-11-12

Filing date

1998-11-10

Publication date

2000-09-20

1998-11-10 Application filed by Kidde Graviner Ltd filed Critical Kidde Graviner Ltd

2000-09-20 Publication of EP1035897A1 publication Critical patent/EP1035897A1/de

2002-04-03 Application granted granted Critical

2002-04-03 Publication of EP1035897B1 publication Critical patent/EP1035897B1/de

2018-11-10 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
-1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
PTQGRCHRSMFSFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(trimethyl)silane;sulfuric acid Chemical group OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCC[Si](C)(C)C PTQGRCHRSMFSFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical group [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical group [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical group [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium lactate Chemical group [K+].CC(O)C([O-])=O PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
239000001521 potassium lactate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
235000011085 potassium lactate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
229960001304 potassium lactate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical group [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 9
230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 5
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229920004449 Halon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Br RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
125000004005 formimidoyl group Chemical group [H]\N=C(/[H])* 0.000 description 1
229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
235000020030 perry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
229960004109 potassium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
229940094025 potassium bicarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
- A62D1/0042—"Wet" water, i.e. containing surfactant

Definitions

the invention relates to fire or explosion suppressants or methods. More particularly, the invention relates to such suppressants and methods comprising or using water. Fire or explosion suppressants according to the invention, and to be
water with an additive comprising a surfactant comprise water with an additive comprising a surfactant.
a fire or explosion suppressant comprising a water-based solution containing a surfactant characterised in that the surfactant is capable upon dispersion of the solution of producing a predetermined value for the surface tension which becomes at least as low as about 25
the surfactant is capable upon dispersion of the solution of producing a predetermined value for the surface tension which becomes at least as low as about 25 mN/m in less than 50 milliseconds .
Figure 1 shows a volume of water-based suppressant for explaining the operation of suppressants according to the invention
Figure 2 is an enlarged view of part of Figure 1 ;
Figure 3 shows an oscillating et arrangement for testing the
Figure 4 is a section on the line IV-IV of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a graph for comparing the effectiveness of various
suppressant acts only as a physically-acting agent, producing a heat absorption or extraction effect without any chemical suppression mechanism. However, it has a high surface tension and high mterfacial tensions on most materials and is therefore a poor wetting agent. On most solid surfaces, water remains as discrete droplets (with a contact angle greater than 90°) and therefore does not effectively wet the surface. Therefore, heat transfer from the burning substance to the water would be impeded - because this depends on the surface area of contact - and thus the suppressant action would be poor.
Equation 1 shows that the parameter with the greatest effect on droplet size is surface tension ( ⁇ ) .
FIG 1 shows a volume of water 5 with the water/air interface being shown as 6.
Surfactant molecules are shown (purely diagrammatically , of course) as 8.
Each surfactant molecule comprises a hydrophilic "head” 8A and a hydrophobic "tail” 8B.
the surfactant molecules 8 thus congregate along the interface or surface 6 with their “tails” 8B extending through the surface of the water, and thus reducing the surface tension forces acting there.
other surfactant molecules will form micelles indicated diagrammatically in Figure 1 at 10.
Figure 2 shows one of the micelles 10 m enlarged (and, again, purely diagrammatic) form. Because of the hydrophilic "heads" 8A and
hydrophobic "tails” 8B the surfactant molecules congregate in groups or micelles 10 which are typically spheroidal in shape, with their “tails” 8B extending towards each other and to the centre of the micelles forming central areas m each micelle from
the surfactant molecules m the micelles 10 are not effective at the surface 6 of the water, they are not acting to reduce the surface tension of the water.
the molecules have to diffuse to the new interfaces - m particular, they have to diffuse to the interfaces from the micelles.
the surfactants In order for the surfactants to be effective in reducing the surface tension of the water in conditions of fire or explosion - m other words, in order for
the surfactant molecules to be m position to reduce the surface tension of the water when it is applied to the fire or explosion - the time taken for the surfactant molecules to diffuse from the micelles to the new surfaces must be shorter than the time taken for the water to travel from the point of discharge (e.g. the
surfactants capable of lowering the surface tension of the water within the same order of time scale are added to water-based fire or explosion suppressant solutions.
fast-acting is meant surfactants which act within a time
the water may be pure water or it may be water containing an alkali metal salt such as potassium bicarbonate, potassium lactate, potassium acetate or potassium citrate.
an alkali metal salt such as potassium bicarbonate, potassium lactate, potassium acetate or potassium citrate.
the surfactant has the structural
M is a cation of an alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium) or of a
X in the structural formula RXM is an amonic group.
sulphate groups are a sulphate (-OS0 3 ), a sulphonate (-S0 3 ) or a carboxylate (-C0 2 ); the sulphate is preferred.
R in the formula RXM is an alkyl (preferably, a branched chain alkyl group) or is an alkylaryl group, in each case containing four to twenty carbon atoms and preferably at least one atom of silicon.
a preferred example for R contains the trimethylsilyl group ( ( CHJ Si-) .
the molecular weight of the RX fragment should be below 400
a preferred example of a suitable surfactant is a
the water-based solution may be pure water or water containing
an alkali metal salt such as potassium bicarbonate, potassium
lactate potassium acetate or potassium citrate. More specific
the surfactants operate to reduce the surface tension within such a short time scale, the droplet sizes of the water are much smaller, producing better heat transfer from the fire or explosion and thus a better suppressant effect.
the rapid reduction in the surface tension facilitates further atomisation
the droplets have improved wetting ability for hot surfaces (e.g. the hot surfaces of clutter within a room or container such as an engine compartment of a vehicle or a crew compartment of a military vehicle), thus producing enhanced heat transfer.
hot surfaces e.g. the hot surfaces of clutter within a room or container such as an engine compartment of a vehicle or a crew compartment of a military vehicle
the rapid reduction of surface tension also is particularly advantageous for explosion suppression applications.
FIG. 3 shows the form of jet produced when the orifice is el ptical. In the oscillating jet, ⁇ is taken as the distance between two
Y is surface tension (mN/m) and the subscript S denotes surfactant solution and the subscript
W denotes pure water
the time taken to reach a particular surface tension value may
Figure 5 shows a graph illustrating the results produced when
period of time is 22.6mN/m.
the surfactant producing curve A is a trialkylamonium salt of
the surfactant producing curve B the sodium salt of is dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid (referred to below as
the surfactant producing curve C is a cationic fluorine-containing surfactant
the extmguishant was pure water but with the addition of 0.5% of a particular surfactant.

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
Emergency Management (AREA)
Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)

EP98952894A 1997-11-12 1998-11-10 Verfahren und zusammensetzungen welche feuer und explosion unterdrücken Expired - Lifetime EP1035897B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
GB9723916A GB2331457B (en)	1997-11-12	1997-11-12	Fire or explosion suppressants and methods
GB9723916		1997-11-12
PCT/GB1998/003360 WO1999024120A1 (en)	1997-11-12	1998-11-10	Fire or explosion suppressants and methods

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP1035897A1 true EP1035897A1 (de)	2000-09-20
EP1035897B1 EP1035897B1 (de)	2002-04-03

Family

ID=10821970

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP98952894A Expired - Lifetime EP1035897B1 (de)	1997-11-12	1998-11-10	Verfahren und zusammensetzungen welche feuer und explosion unterdrücken

Country Status (6)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP1035897B1 (de)
AT (1)	ATE215391T1 (de)
DE (1)	DE69804663T2 (de)
ES (1)	ES2175809T3 (de)
GB (1)	GB2331457B (de)
WO (1)	WO1999024120A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
GB2345849B (en) *	1999-01-12	2003-02-12	Chubb Fire Ltd	Fire extinguishant
US6367560B1 (en)	1999-04-30	2002-04-09	Factory Mutual Research Corp.	Wet sprinkler system for cold environments
CN100469404C (zh) *	2003-12-26	2009-03-18	中国科学技术大学	一种用于细水雾灭火的添加剂
EP2153872A1 (de)	2008-07-23	2010-02-17	Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy	Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Folgen der unbeschränkten oder teilweise beschränkten Dampfwolkenexplosion
RU2418610C2 (ru) *	2009-07-30	2011-05-20	Владимир Иванович Селиверстов	Огнетушащий состав
CN103432706A (zh) *	2013-05-31	2013-12-11	武汉广益交通科技股份有限公司	抗冻防腐灭火液及其制备方法
JP6651968B2 (ja) *	2016-04-21	2020-02-19	日清紡ホールディングス株式会社	ケイ素含有硫酸エステル塩
CN107754195B (zh) *	2017-11-13	2021-03-23	上海应用技术大学	一种无氟环保型细水雾灭火添加剂
CN115651008A (zh) *	2022-09-09	2023-01-31	中国科学技术大学	一种阴离子有机硅表面活性剂及其制备方法

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Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
BE634504A (de) *	1962-08-03
FR1444056A (fr) *	1965-05-13	1966-07-01	Soc Etu Chimiques Ind Et Agri	Compositions pour solutions extinctrices
US3963776A (en) *	1974-06-24	1976-06-15	E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company	Amine fluoroacylimide surfactants
FR2453145B1 (de) *	1979-04-06	1981-03-27	Ugine Kuhlmann
FR2477144A1 (fr) *	1980-02-29	1981-09-04	Ugine Kuhlmann	Nouveaux oxydes d'amines a groupement perfluoroalkyle et utilisation de ces produits dans des compositions extinctrices
JPS56130167A (en) *	1980-03-12	1981-10-12	Fuaiaa Auto Entaapuraisezu Co	Composition for fire extinguishing and fire extinguishing method
EP0277116B1 (de) *	1986-07-18	1991-09-11	DOEKA Feuerlöschgerätebau GmbH	Mittel, insbesondere zur brandbekämpfung und imprägnierung
DE4320920C1 (de) *	1993-06-24	1994-06-16	Goldschmidt Ag Th	Silane mit hydrophilen Gruppen, deren Herstellung und Verwendung als Tenside in wäßrigen Medien

1997
- 1997-11-12 GB GB9723916A patent/GB2331457B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
1998
- 1998-11-10 ES ES98952894T patent/ES2175809T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-10 EP EP98952894A patent/EP1035897B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-10 WO PCT/GB1998/003360 patent/WO1999024120A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-11-10 AT AT98952894T patent/ATE215391T1/de active
- 1998-11-10 DE DE69804663T patent/DE69804663T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9924120A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
EP1035897B1 (de)	2002-04-03
DE69804663T2 (de)	2002-11-21
DE69804663D1 (de)	2002-05-08
GB2331457B (en)	2001-07-04
ES2175809T3 (es)	2002-11-16
GB2331457A (en)	1999-05-26
ATE215391T1 (de)	2002-04-15
WO1999024120A1 (en)	1999-05-20
GB9723916D0 (en)	1998-01-07

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Publication	Publication Date	Title
DE60220508T2 (de)	2007-09-27	Feuer und explosionsunterdrückung
US20080115949A1 (en)	2008-05-22	Method For Fire Suppression
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