EP1037914A2 - Polypeptide 1 de type calcitonine de mammifere - Google Patents

Polypeptide 1 de type calcitonine de mammifere

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Publication number
EP1037914A2
EP1037914A2 EP98964775A EP98964775A EP1037914A2 EP 1037914 A2 EP1037914 A2 EP 1037914A2 EP 98964775 A EP98964775 A EP 98964775A EP 98964775 A EP98964775 A EP 98964775A EP 1037914 A2 EP1037914 A2 EP 1037914A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
amino acid
polypeptide
seq
acid residue
polypeptides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP98964775A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Paul O. Sheppard
Emma E. Moore
Fenella C. Raymond
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Zymogenetics Inc
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Zymogenetics Inc
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Publication of EP1037914A2 publication Critical patent/EP1037914A2/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/575—Hormones

Definitions

  • Proteins may be integral membrane proteins that are linked to signaling pathways within the cell, such as second messenger systems. Other classes of proteins are soluble molecules, such as the transcription factors .
  • the present invention addresses this need by providing a novel polypeptide and related compositions and methods.
  • the present invention provides an isolated polynucleotide encoding a mammalian cytokine termed "Calcitonin-like polypeptide- 1, or "Zcalcl 1 .
  • a signal sequence extends from amino acid residue 1 through amino acid residue 21, an alanine, of SEQ ID NO: 2. This results in a naturally occurring mature sequence extending from amino acid residue 22, a glycine through amino acid residue 83, a serine, of SEQ ID NO : 2 , also defined by SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • an active human Zcalcl polypeptide is also comprised of a sequence of 33 amino acids represented by the amino acid sequence comprised of residues extending from amino acid residue 38, a cysteine residue, through amino acid residue 70, a threonine of SEQ ID NO: 2 and also by SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • the threonine at residue 33 of SEQ ID NO : 5 is amidated.
  • the polypeptide further comprises an affinity tag.
  • the polynucleotide is DNA.
  • an expression vector comprising (a) a transcription promoter; (b) a DNA segment encoding Zcalcl polypeptide, and (c) a transcription terminator, wherein the promoter, DNA segment, and terminator are operably linked.
  • an antibody that specifically binds to a Zcalcl polypeptide as disclosed above, and also an anti- idiotypic antibody which neutralizes the antibody to a Zcalcl polypeptide.
  • isolated when applied to a polynucleotide, denotes that the polynucleotide has been removed from its natural genetic milieu and is thus free of other extraneous or unwanted coding sequences, and is in a form suitable for use within genetically engineered protein production systems.
  • operably linked when referring to DNA segments, indicates that the segments are arranged so that they function in concert for their intended purposes, e.g. transcription initiates in the promoter and proceeds through the coding segment to the terminator.
  • polynucleotide is a single- or double- stranded polymer of deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide bases read from the 5' to the 3' end.
  • Polynucleotides include RNA and DNA, and may be isolated from natural sources, synthesized in vi tro, or prepared from a combination of natural and synthetic molecules.
  • the isolated polynucleotides will hybridize to similar sized regions of SEQ ID NO:l, or a sequence complementary thereto, under stringent conditions.
  • stringent conditions are selected to be about 5°C lower than the thermal melting point (T m ) for the specific sequence at a defined ionic strength and pH.
  • T m is the temperature (under defined ionic strength and pH) at which 50% of the target sequence hybridizes to a perfectly matched probe.
  • Typical stringent conditions are those in which the salt concentration is about 0.02 M or less at pH 7 and the temperature is at least about 60°C.
  • the isolated polynucleotides of the present invention include DNA and RNA.
  • the polynucleotides of the present invention can be synthesized using a DNA synthesizer.
  • a DNA synthesizer Currently the method of choice is the phosphoramidite method. If chemically synthesized double stranded DNA is required for an application such as the synthesis of a gene or a gene fragment, then each complementary strand is made separately.
  • the production of short genes 60 to 80 bp is technically straightforward and can be accomplished by synthesizing the complementary strands and then annealing them.
  • special strategies must be invoked, because the coupling efficiency of each cycle during chemical DNA synthesis is seldom 100%.
  • the present invention further provides counterpart proteins and polynucleotides from other species ("species orthologs”) .
  • species orthologs are Zcalcl polypeptides from other mammalian species, including murine, porcine, ovine, bovine, canine, feline, equine, and other primates.
  • Species orthologs of the human Zcalcl protein can be cloned using information and compositions provided by the present invention in combination with conventional cloning techniques.
  • a cDNA can be cloned using mRNA obtained from a tissue or cell type that expresses the protein. Suitable sources of mRNA can be identified by probing northern blots with probes designed from the sequences disclosed herein.
  • a library is then prepared from mRNA of a positive tissue or cell line.
  • a protein-encoding cDNA can then be isolated by a variety of methods, such as by probing with a complete or partial human or mouse cDNA or with one or more sets of degenerate probes based on the disclosed sequences.
  • a cDNA can also be cloned using the polymerase chain reaction, or PCR (Mullis, U.S. Patent No. 4,683,202), using primers designed from the sequences disclosed herein.
  • the cDNA library can be used to transform or transfect host cells, and expression of the cDNA of interest can be detected with an antibody to the protein. Similar techniques can also be applied to the isolation of genomic clones.
  • an isolated polynucleotide which encodes a polypeptide includes all allelic variants and species orthologs of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO : 2.
  • the present invention also provides isolated protein polypeptides that are substantially identical to the protein polypeptides of SEQ ID NO: 2 and its species orthologs.
  • isolated is meant a protein or polypeptide that is found in a condition other than its native environment, such as apart from blood and animal tissue.
  • the isolated polypeptide is substantially free of other polypeptides, particularly other polypeptides of animal origin.
  • Substantially identical proteins and polypeptides are characterized as having one or more amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions. These changes are preferably of a minor nature, that is conservative amino acid substitutions (see Table 2) and other substitutions that do not significantly affect the folding or activity of the protein or polypeptide; small deletions, typically of one to about 30 amino acids; and small amino- or carboxyl-terminal extensions, such as an amino-terminal methionine residue, a small linker peptide of up to about 20-25 residues, or a small extension that facilitates purification (an affinity tag) , such as a poly-histidine tract, protein A [Nilsson et al . , EMBO J. 4:1075 (1985); Nilsson et al .
  • Acidic glutamic acid aspartic acid
  • Polar glutamine asparagine
  • Hydrophobic leucine isoleucine valine
  • Aromatic phenylalanine tryptophan tyrosine
  • polypeptides that are substantially identical to SEQ ID NO: 2 or to SEQ ID NO : 5 or allelic variants thereof and retain the properties of the wild-type protein.
  • a polypeptide as defined by SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO : 5 or SEQ ID NO: 11 or 12 includes all allelic variants and species orthologs of the polypeptide.
  • a DNA sequence encoding a Zcalcl polypeptide is operably linked to other genetic elements required for its expression, generally including a transcription promoter and terminator, within an expression vector.
  • the vector will also commonly contain one or more selectable markers and one or more origins of replication, although those skilled in the art will recognize that within certain systems selectable markers may be provided on separate vectors, and replication of the exogenous DNA may be provided by integration into the host cell genome. Selection of promoters, terminators, selectable markers, vectors and other elements is a matter of routine design within the level of ordinary skill in the art. Many such elements are described in the literature and are available through commercial suppliers .
  • Cultured mammalian cells are preferred hosts within the present invention.
  • Methods for introducing exogenous DNA into mammalian host cells include calcium phosphate-mediated transfection [Wigler et al . , Cell 14:725 (1978); Corsaro and Pearson, Somatic Cell Genetics 7:603 (1981); Graham and Van der Eb, Virology 52:456 (1973)], electroporation [Neumann et al . , EMBO J. 1:841- 845 (1982)], DEAE-dextran mediated transfection [Ausubel et al . , eds .
  • Suitable cultured mammalian cells include the COS-1 (ATCC No. CRL 1650) , COS-7 (ATCC No. CRL 1651), BHK (ATCC No. CRL 1632), BHK 570 (ATCC No. CRL 10314), 293 [ATCC No. CRL 1573; Graham et al . , J. Gen . Virol . 36 : 59 - 72 (1977)] and Chinese hamster ovary (e.g. CHO-K1; ATCC No. CCL 61) cell lines. Additional suitable cell lines are known in the art and available from public depositories such as the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia.
  • promoters from SV-40 or cytomegalovirus are preferred, such as promoters from SV-40 or cytomegalovirus . See, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 4,956,288.
  • suitable promoters include those from metallothionein genes (U.S. Patent Nos. 4,579,821 and 4,601,978) and the adenovirus major late promoter.
  • Drug selection is generally used to select for cultured mammalian cells into which foreign DNA has been inserted. Such cells are commonly referred to as “transfectants” . Cells that have been cultured in the presence of the selective agent and are able to pass the gene of interest to their progeny are referred to as “stable transfectants . " A preferred selectable marker is a gene encoding resistance to the antibiotic neomycin. Selection is carried out in the presence of a neomycin- type drug, such as G-418 or the like.
  • Selection systems may also be used to increase the expression level of the gene of interest, a process referred to as "amplification.” Amplification is carried out by culturing transfectants in the presence of a low level of the selective agent and then increasing the amount of selective agent to select for cells that produce high levels of the products of the introduced genes.
  • a preferred amplifiable selectable marker is dihydrofolate reductase, which confers resistance to methotrexate .
  • drug resistance genes e.g. hygromycin resistance, multi-drug resistance, puromycin acetyltransferase
  • hygromycin resistance e.g. hygromycin resistance, multi-drug resistance, puromycin acetyltransferase
  • eukaryotic cells can also be used as hosts, including insect cells, plant cells and avian cells. Transformation of insect cells and production of foreign polypeptides therein is disclosed by Guarino et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,162,222; Bang et al . , U.S. Patent No. 4,775,624; and WIPO publication WO 94/06463.
  • Agrobacterium rhizogenes as a vector for expressing genes in plant cells has been reviewed by Sinkar et al . , J. Biosci . (Bangalore) 11:47-58, 1987.
  • Fungal cells including yeast cells, and particularly cells of the genus Saccharomyces , can also be used within the present invention, such as for producing protein fragments or polypeptide fusions.
  • Methods for transforming yeast cells with exogenous DNA and producing recombinant polypeptides therefrom are disclosed by, for example, Kawasaki, U.S. Patent No. 4,599,311; Kawasaki et al . , U.S. Patent No. 4,931,373; Brake, U.S. Patent No. 4,870,008; Welch et al . , U.S. Patent No. 5,037,743; and Murray et al . , U.S. Patent No. 4,845,075.
  • Suitable promoters and terminators for use in yeast include those from glycolytic enzyme genes (see, e.g., Kawasaki, U.S. Patent No. 4,599,311; Kingsman et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,615,974; and Bitter, U.S. Patent No. 4,977,092) and alcohol dehydrogenase genes. See also U.S. Patents Nos. 4,990,446; 5,063,154; 5,139,936 and 4,661,454.
  • Transformation systems for other yeasts including Hansenula polymorpha , Schizosa ccharomyces pombe , Kl uyveromyces la ctis , Kl uyveromyces fra gil is , Us tilago maydis , Pichia pas toris , Pichia methanol i ca , Pichia guill ermondii and Candida mal tosa are known in the art. See, for example, Gleeson et al . , J. Gen . Microbiol . 132:3459-3465 (1986) and Cregg, U.S. Patent No. 4,882,279.
  • Aspergillus cells may be utilized according to the methods of McKnight et al . , U.S. Patent No. 4,935,349. Methods for transforming Acremonium chrysogenum are disclosed by Sumino et al . , U.S. Patent No. 5,162,228. Methods for transforming Neurospora are disclosed by Lambowitz, U.S. Patent No. 4,486,533.
  • Transformed or transfected host cells are cultured according to conventional procedures in a culture medium containing nutrients and other components required for the growth of the chosen host cells.
  • suitable media including defined media and complex media, are known in the art and generally include a carbon source, a nitrogen source, essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Media may also contain such components as growth factors or serum, as required.
  • the growth medium will generally select for cells containing the exogenously added DNA by, for example, drug selection or deficiency in an essential nutrient which is complemented by the selectable marker carried on the expression vector or co-transfected into the host cell.
  • a novel protein is produced by a cultured cell, and the cell is used to screen for a receptor or receptors for the protein, including the natural receptor, as well as agonists and antagonists of the natural ligand.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides for a peptide or polypeptide comprising an epitope-bearing portion of a Zcalcl polypeptide of the invention.
  • the epitope of the this polypeptide portion is an immunogenic or antigenic epitope of a polypeptide of the invention.
  • a region of a protein to which an antibody can bind is defined as an "antigenic epitope”. See for instance, Geysen, H.M. et al . , Proc . Na tl . Acad Sci . USA 81:3998-4002 (1984) .
  • Peptides capable of eliciting protein-reactive sera are frequently represented in the primary sequence of a protein, can be characterized by a set of simple chemical rules, and are confined neither to immunodominant regions of intact proteins (i.e., immunogenic epitopes) nor to the amino or carboxyl terminals. Peptides that are extremely hydrophobic and those of six or fewer residues generally are ineffective at inducing antibodies that bind to the mimicked protein; longer soluble peptides, especially those containing proline residues, usually are effective.
  • Antigenic epitope-bearing peptides and polypeptides of the invention are therefore useful to raise antibodies, including monoclonal antibodies, that bind specifically to a polypeptide of the invention.
  • Antigenic epitope-bearing peptides and polypeptides of the present invention contain a sequence of at least nine, preferably between 15 to about 30 amino acids contained within the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide of the invention.
  • peptides or polypeptides comprising a larger portion of an amino acid sequence of the invention, containing from 30 to 50 amino acids, or any length up to and including the entire amino acid sequence of a polypeptide of the invention, also are useful for inducing antibodies that react with the protein.
  • Immunogenic epitope-bearing peptides can be identified using standard methods [see, for example, Geysen et al . , supra . See also U.S. Patent No. 4,708,781 (1987) further describes how to identify a peptide bearing an immunogenic epitope of a desired protein.
  • Antigenic epitope-bearing peptides and polypeptides of the present invention are useful to raise antibodies that bind with the polypeptides described herein which then can be used to purify the protein in either a native or denatured form or to detect the Zcalcl polypeptide in a western blot .
  • Expressed recombinant polypeptides can be purified using fractionation and/or conventional purification methods and media. See, for example, Affini ty Chroma tography: Principles & Methods (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology, Uppsala, Sweden, 1988) .
  • polypeptide of interest may be constructed to facilitate purification.
  • an affinity tag e.g., polyhistidine, maltose-binding protein, an immunoglobulin domain
  • Polypeptides, especially polypeptides of the present invention can also be synthesized by exclusive solid phase synthesis, partial solid phase methods, fragment condensation or classical solution synthesis.
  • the polypeptides are preferably prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis, for example as described by Merrifield, J. Am . Chem . Soc . 85:2149 (1963) .
  • the synthesis is carried out with amino acids that are protected at the alpha-amino terminus. Trifunctional amino acids with labile side-chains are also protected with suitable groups to prevent undesired chemical reactions from occurring during the assembly of the polypeptides .
  • the alpha-amino protecting group is selectively removed to allow subsequent reaction to take place at the amino-terminus .
  • the conditions for the removal of the alpha-amino protecting group do not remove the side-chain protecting groups.
  • the alpha-amino protecting groups known to be useful in the art of stepwise polypeptide synthesis are acyl type protecting groups (e . g. , formyl, trifluoroacetyl, acetyl) , aryl type protecting groups ( e . g. , biotinyl) , aromatic urethane type protecting groups [e . g. , benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) , substituted benzyloxycarbonyl and 9-fluorenylmethyloxy-carbonyl
  • aliphatic urethane protecting groups [ e . g. , t- butyloxycarbonyl (tBoc), isopropyloxycarbonyl , cyclohexloxycarbonyl] and alkyl type protecting groups ( e . g. , benzyl, triphenylmethyl) .
  • the preferred protecting groups are tBoc and Fmoc, thus the peptides are said to be synthesized by tBoc and Fmoc chemistry, respectively.
  • the side-chain protecting groups selected must remain intact during coupling and not be removed during the deprotection of the amino-terminus protecting group or during coupling conditions.
  • the preferred side-chain protecting groups are tosyl for arginine, cyclohexyl for aspartic acid, 4-methylbenzyl (and acetamidomethyl) for cysteine, benzyl for glutamic acid, serine and threonine, benzyloxymethyl (and dinitrophenyl) for histidine, 2 -Cl-benzyloxycarbonyl for lysine, formyl for tryptophan and 2-bromobenzyl for tyrosine.
  • the preferred side-chain protecting groups are 2 , 2 , 5 , 7, 8-pentamethylchroman-6- sulfonyl (Pmc) or 2 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 7-pentamethyldihydrobenzofuran- 5-sulfonyl (Pbf) for arginine, trityl for asparagine, cysteine, glutamine and histidine, tert-butyl for aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine and tyrosine, tBoc for lysine and tryptophan.
  • phosphate group on serine, threonine or tyrosine may be protected by methyl, benzyl, or tert-butyl in Fmoc chemistry or by methyl, benzyl or phenyl in tBoc chemistry.
  • Direct incorporation of phosphotyrosine without phosphate protection can also be used in Fmoc chemistry.
  • the unprotected hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine or tyrosine are derivatized on solid phase with di-tert- butyl-, dibenzyl- or dimethyl -N,N' - diisopropylphosphoramidite and then oxidized by tert- butylhydroperoxide .
  • DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • DIPCDI N,N' -diisopropylcarbodiimide
  • CDI carbonyldiimidazole
  • TAA triethylamine
  • DIEA diisopropylethylamine
  • TATU tetrafluoroborate analog
  • HAPyU pyrrolidine analog
  • the most common catalytic additives used in coupling reactions include 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , 3-hydroxy-3 , 4-dihydro-4-oxo-l, 2 , 3-benzotriazine (HODhbt) , N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and l-hydroxy-7- azabenzotriazole (HOAt) .
  • DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
  • HOBt N-hydroxybenzotriazole
  • HAt l-hydroxy-7- azabenzotriazole
  • HOBt-HBTU is used with DIEA.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • DMF CH 2 C1 2 or mixtures thereof.
  • the extent of completion of the coupling reaction can be monitored at each stage, e . g. , by the ninhydrin reaction as described by Kaiser et al . ,
  • the peptide-resin is cleaved with a reagent with proper scavengers.
  • the Fmoc peptides are usually cleaved and deprotected by TFA with scavengers ( e . g. , H 2 0, ethanedithiol , phenol and thioanisole) .
  • the tBoc peptides are usually cleaved and deprotected with liquid HF for 1- 2 hours at -5 to 0° C, which cleaves the polypeptide from the resin and removes most of the side-chain protecting groups.
  • Scavengers such as anisole, dimethylsulfide and p-thiocresol are usually used with the liquid HF to prevent cations formed during the cleavage from alkylating and acylating the amino acid residues present in the polypeptide.
  • the formyl group of tryptophan and the dinitrophenyl group of histidine need to be removed, respectively by piperidine and thiophenol in DMF prior to the HF cleavage.
  • the acetamidomethyl group of cysteine can be removed by mercury (II) acetate and alternatively by iodine, thallium (III) trifluoroacetate or silver tetrafluoroborate which simultaneously oxidize cysteine to cystine.
  • Other strong acids used for tBoc peptide cleavage and deprotection include trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) and trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetate (TMSOTf) .
  • Calcitonin is effective in disorders of increased skeletal remodeling, such as Paget ' s disease (osteitis deformans) , and in some patients with osteoporosis.
  • Paget ' s disease osteitis deformans
  • Paget ' s disease osteitis deformans
  • the patient is initially treated with 100 units/day of salmon calcitonin, favorable results usually are obtained when dosage is reduced to 50 units three times a week when salmon calcitonin is used.
  • the initial subcutaneous dose for Paget ' s disease is 0.5 mg.
  • calcitonin As a powerful inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption, calcitonin also produces modest increase in bone mass in patients with osteoporosis. Increases are most spectacular in patients with high intrinsic rates of bone turnover, approaching 10% to 15% before reaching a plateau. In a similar manner, Zcalcl can be used to treat these diseases .
  • Zcalcl can also be administered to an individual to prevent diabetes mellitus.
  • Zcalcl should be administered to an individual at the onset of symptoms of type I diabetes to inhibit the CD4 T cell production of the cytokines that have been implicated in the pathology of type I diabetes.
  • the present invention also provides reagents with significant therapeutic value.
  • the Zcalcl polypeptide naturally occurring or recombinant
  • fragments thereof, antibodies and anti-idiotypic antibodies thereto, along with compounds identified as having binding affinity to the Zcalcl polypeptide, should be useful in the treatment of conditions associated with abnormal physiology or development, including abnormal proliferation, e . g. , cancerous conditions, or degenerative conditions.
  • a disease or disorder associated with abnormal expression or abnormal signaling by a Zcalcl polypeptide should be a likely target for an agonist or antagonist of the Zcalcl polypeptide .
  • Antibodies to the Zcalcl polypeptide can be purified and then administered to a patient. These reagents can be combined for therapeutic use with additional active or inert ingredients, e . g. , in pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents along with physiologically innocuous stabilizers and excipients. These combinations can be sterile filtered and placed into dosage forms as by lyophilization in dosage vials or storage in stabilized aqueous preparations. This invention also contemplates use of antibodies, binding fragments thereof or single-chain antibodies of the antibodies including forms which are not complement binding.
  • the quantities of reagents necessary for effective therapy will depend upon many different factors, including means of administration, target site, physiological state of the patient, and other medications administered. Thus, treatment dosages should be titrated to optimize safety and efficacy. Typically, dosages used in vi tro may provide useful guidance in the amounts useful for in vivo administration of these reagents. Animal testing of effective doses for treatment of particular disorders will provide further predictive indication of human dosage. Methods for administration include oral, intravenous, peritoneal, intramuscular, or transdermal administration. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers will include water, saline, buffers to name just a few. Dosage ranges would ordinarily be expected from l ⁇ g to lOOO ⁇ g per kilogram of body weight per day.
  • defective viral vectors allows for administration to cells in a specific, localized area, without concern that the vector can infect other cells.
  • particular vectors include, but are not limited to, a defective herpes virus 1 (HSV1) vector [Kaplitt et al . , Mol ec . Cell . Neurosci . , 2 :320-330 (1991)], an attenuated adenovirus vector, such as the vector described by Stratford-Perricaudet et al . , J. Clin . Invest . , 90 : 626-630 (1992), and a defective adeno-associated virus vector [Samulski et al . , J. Virol .
  • HSV1 herpes virus 1
  • directing transfection to particular cells represents one area of benefit. It is clear that directing transfection to particular cell types would be particularly advantageous in a tissue with cellular heterogeneity, such as the pancreas, liver, kidney, and brain.
  • Lipids may be chemically coupled to other molecules for the purpose of targeting.
  • Targeted peptides, e . g. , hormones or neurotransmitters, and proteins such as antibodies, or non-peptide molecules could be coupled to liposomes chemically.
  • DNA vector for gene therapy can be introduced into the desired host cells by methods known in the art, e . g. , transfection, electroporation, microinjection, transduction, cell fusion, DEAE dextran, calcium phosphate precipitation, use of a gene gun or use of a DNA vector transporter [see, e . g. , Wu et al . , J. Biol . Chem . , 267:963-967 (1992); Wu et al . , J. Biol . Chem . , 263:14621-14624 (1988)].
  • Zcalcl polypeptides can also be used to prepare antibodies that specifically bind to Zcalcl polypeptides. These antibodies can then be used to manufacture anti- idiotypic antibodies.
  • the term "antibodies” includes polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, antigen-binding fragments thereof such as F(ab')2 and Fab fragments, and the like, including genetically engineered antibodies. Antibodies are defined to be specifically binding if they bind to a Zcalcl polypeptide with a K a of greater than or equal to 10 7 /M. The affinity of a monoclonal antibody can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art (see, for example, Scatchard, ibid.).
  • polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are well known in the art (see for example, Sambrook et al . , Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual , Second Edi tion, (Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1989) ; and Hurrell, J. G. R. , Ed., Monoclonal Hybrido a Antibodies : Techniques and Applications (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1982) .
  • polyclonal antibodies can be generated from a variety of warm-blooded animals such as horses, cows, goats, sheep, dogs, chickens, rabbits, mice, and rats.
  • Antibodies are determined to be specifically binding if: 1) they exhibit a threshold level of binding activity, and 2) they do not cross-react with prior art polypeptide molecules.
  • antibodies herein specifically bind if they bind to a Zcalcl polypeptide, peptide or epitope with a binding affinity (K a ) of 10 M
  • antibodies are determined to specifically bind if they do not cross-react with polypeptides of the prior art. Antibodies do not significantly cross-react with related polypeptide molecules, for example, if they detect Zcalcl but not known related polypeptides using a standard Western blot analysis (Ausubel et al . , ibid. ) . Examples of known related polypeptides are orthologs, proteins from the same species that are members of a protein family ( e . g. IL-16) , Zcalcl polypeptides, and non-human Zcalcl. Moreover, antibodies may be "screened against" known related polypeptides to isolate a population that specifically binds to the inventive polypeptides .
  • antibodies raised to Zcalcl are adsorbed to related polypeptides adhered to insoluble matrix; antibodies specific to Zcalcl will flow through the matrix under the proper buffer conditions.
  • Screening and isolation of specific antibodies is well known in the art. See, Fundamental Immunology, Paul (eds.) (Raven Press, 1993); Getzoff et al .
  • Antibodies to Zcalcl may be used for tagging cells that express the protein, for affinity purification, within diagnostic assays for determining circulating levels of soluble protein polypeptides, and as antagonists to block ligand binding and signal transduction in vi tro and in vivo .
  • Anti-idiotypic antibodies can be used to discover a receptor of Zcalcl.
  • Antibodies to Zcalcl are may be used for tagging cells that express the protein, for affinity purification, within diagnostic assays for determining circulating levels of soluble protein polypeptides, and as antagonists to block ligand binding and signal transduction in vi tro and in vivo .
  • Radiation hybrid mapping is a somatic cell genetic technique developed for constructing high- resolution, contiguous maps of mammalian chromosomes [Cox et al . , Science 250:245-250 (1990)]. Partial or full knowledge of a gene's sequence allows the designing of PCR primers suitable for use with chromosomal radiation hybrid mapping panels.
  • Commercially available radiation hybrid mapping panels which cover the entire human genome, such as the Stanford G3 RH Panel and the GeneBridge 4 RH Panel (Research Genetics, Inc., Huntsville, AL) , are available.
  • These panels enable rapid, PCR based, chromosomal localizations and ordering of genes, sequence-tagged sites (STSs) , and other nonpolymorphic- and polymorphic markers within a region of interest. This includes establishing directly proportional physical distances between newly discovered genes of interest and previously mapped markers .
  • the precise knowledge of a gene ' s position can be useful in a number of ways including: 1) determining if a sequence is part of an existing contig and obtaining additional surrounding genetic sequences in various forms such as YAC- , BAC- or cDNA clones, 2) providing a possible candidate gene for an inheritable disease which shows linkage to the same chromosomal region, and 3) for cross- referencing model organisms such as mouse which may be beneficial in helping to determine what function a particular gene might have.
  • the present invention also provides reagents which will find use in diagnostic applications.
  • the Zcalcl gene a probe comprising Zcalcl DNA or RNA or a subsequence thereof can be used to determine if the Zcalcl gene is present on chromosome 7q22.1 or if a mutation has occurred.
  • Detectable chromosomal aberrations at the Zcalcl gene locus include but are not limited to aneuploidy, gene copy number changes, insertions, deletions, restriction site changes and rearrangements.
  • ABI/PE The amino acids were purchased from AnaSpec, Inc., San Jose, CA in preweighed, 1 mmol cartridges. All the reagents except piperidine were purchased from ABI/PE. The piperidine was purchased from Aldrich, St. Louis MO. Synthesis procedure was taken from the ABI
  • Model 431A manual Double coupling cycles were used during the high aggregation portion of the sequence, as predicted by Peptide Companion software (Peptides International, Louisville, KY) .
  • the double-coupling sites were at amino acid residues 1-3, and amino acid residues 23-24 from the N-terminus.
  • Capping steps were at amino acid residues 11-15 and amino acid residues 23-24 of SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • the peptide was cleaved from the solid phase following the standard TFA cleavage procedure as outlined in the Peptide Cleavage protocol manual published by ABI/PE. Purification of the peptide was by RP-HPLC using a C18, lO ⁇ m preparative column. Eluted fractions from the column were collected and analyzed for correct mass and purity by electrospray mass spectrometry . The analysis results indicated that the Zcalc-1 peptide was present and pure in one of the pools. The pool containing the peptide was retained and lyophilized.
  • the peptide underwent chemical oxidation which breaks the hydrogen bonds and reforms to a disulfide bond.
  • the lyophilized peptide was oxidized overnight in NH 4 HC0 3 , pH 8.3 and 15% DMSO at a concentration of 1 mg/ml .
  • This oxidation procedure was developed by J.P. Tarn, J " . of American Chemistry Society, 1991, 113, 6657- 6662) .
  • Post oxidation the peptide was desalted using a C18, 5 ⁇ m semi-preparative column. The eluted peptide fractions were pooled and analyzed for disulfide content.
  • allelic variant of Zcalcl of SEQ ID NO: 12 can also be synthesized.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • the PCR mixture for the reaction contained 40 ⁇ l of 10X PCR buffer, 8 ⁇ l EXTAG (both from Takara, Madison Wisconsin), 8 ⁇ l of 2.5 mM nucleotide triphosphate mix Takara) and 300 ⁇ l of water.
  • the PCR reaction was incubated at 94°C for 1.5 minutes, and then run for 35 cycles each individual cycle being comprised of 15 seconds at 94°C, 20 seconds at 58°C and 30 seconds at 72°C.
  • the reaction was ended with an incubation for 10 minutes at 72°C and a hold at 4°C.
  • a 360bp DNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 3 was seen in fetal brain, placenta, stomach, uterus and prostate • cDNA. A faint band was also seen in brain cDNA.
  • a transcript of approximately 0.75kb was seen in many tissues on the multi-tissue blot, including heart, liver skeletal muscle, kidney, small intestine and colon.
  • the dot blot also had a signal in many tissues including heart, adrenal gland, kidney, liver, small intestine, pituitary gland and colon.
  • the GeneBridge 4 Radiation Hybrid Panel contains PCRable DNAs from each of 93 radiation hybrid clones, plus two control DNAs (the HFL donor and the A23 recipient) .
  • a publicly available WWW server http : //www-genome . wi .mit . edu/cgi- bin/contig/rhmapper .pi) allows mapping relative to the Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research's radiation hybrid map of the human genome (the "WICGR" radiation hybrid map) which was constructed with the GeneBridge 4 Radiation Hybrid Panel.
  • the reactions were overlaid with an equal amount of mineral oil and sealed.
  • the PCR cycler conditions were as follows: an initial 1 cycle 5 minute denaturation at 95°C, 35 cycles of a 1 minute denaturation at 95°C, 1 minute annealing at 64°C and 1.5 minute extension at 72°C, followed by a final 1 cycle extension of 7 minutes at 72°C.
  • the reactions were separated by electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD) .

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Abstract

Cette invention concerne de nouveaux polypeptides Zcalc1 de mammifère, des polynucléotides codant ces polypeptides, ainsi que des compositions et des procédés associés comprenant des anticorps et des anticorps anti-idiotypiques.
EP98964775A 1997-12-18 1998-12-18 Polypeptide 1 de type calcitonine de mammifere Withdrawn EP1037914A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US993935 1992-12-18
US99393597A 1997-12-18 1997-12-18
PCT/US1998/026940 WO1999031131A2 (fr) 1997-12-18 1998-12-18 Polypeptide 1 de type calcitonine de mammifere

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US6204013B1 (en) 1998-06-23 2001-03-20 Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. MSP-5 nucleic acid molecules and uses therefor
CA2374341A1 (fr) * 1999-05-20 2000-11-30 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Nouveau polypeptide

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WO1999031131A2 (fr) 1999-06-24
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JP2002508170A (ja) 2002-03-19
AU2002499A (en) 1999-07-05
CA2315247A1 (fr) 1999-06-24

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