EP1052449B1 - Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge - Google Patents
Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1052449B1 EP1052449B1 EP20000109700 EP00109700A EP1052449B1 EP 1052449 B1 EP1052449 B1 EP 1052449B1 EP 20000109700 EP20000109700 EP 20000109700 EP 00109700 A EP00109700 A EP 00109700A EP 1052449 B1 EP1052449 B1 EP 1052449B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reflector
- lens
- fill
- light
- headlamp according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000219739 Lens Species 0.000 description 59
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000019557 luminance Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 240000004322 Lens culinaris Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007620 mathematical function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019615 sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/25—Projection lenses
- F21S41/255—Lenses with a front view of circular or truncated circular outline
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
- F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
- F21S41/33—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature
- F21S41/334—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors
- F21S41/336—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors with discontinuity at the junction between adjacent areas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
- F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
- F21S41/36—Combinations of two or more separate reflectors
- F21S41/365—Combinations of two or more separate reflectors successively reflecting the light
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/25—Projection lenses
- F21S41/275—Lens surfaces, e.g. coatings or surface structures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
- F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
- F21S41/33—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature
- F21S41/337—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector having a structured surface, e.g. with facets or corrugations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
- F21W2102/10—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light
- F21W2102/17—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for regions other than high beam or low beam
- F21W2102/18—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for regions other than high beam or low beam for overhead signs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
- F21W2102/20—Illuminance distribution within the emitted light
Definitions
- the invention relates to a headlight for vehicles with a bowl-shaped reflector, with a light source assigned to the reflector, with a lens arranged in the beam path of the reflector, which lens from the Reflector collects reflected light and a convex facing away from the reflector Side, and with a screen surrounding the lens, the additional the fill reflector collects a light beam from the light source which completely surrounds the lens.
- a headlight for vehicles is known from DE 41 27 403 C2.
- the Headlights have a plastic housing, the front Opening is completed by a translucent lens.
- Internally of the housing there is a light unit which has an ellipsoidal reflector, has a lens and an aperture arranged between the lens and reflector.
- the Light unit is used to generate a dimmed light.
- the lens is from one Surround the screen, which is held on the housing.
- Such screens are often on the side facing the lens with a reflective Provided surface.
- the screens shield the view into the Headlights inside and on the other hand they give the headlights homogeneous brilliant appearance.
- the disadvantage here is that at switched on headlights the active light emission only through the small Dimensional lens is determined and thus perceived as dazzling becomes.
- the headlight known from DE 197 04 4766 A1 there is between one ellipsoidal reflector and a lens an annular brightening reflector arranged.
- the fill-in reflector directs light rays that come directly from a inner focal point of the reflector arranged light source emerge from the lens past.
- the additional brightening reflector when looking at the headlight appears at switched on light source not only illuminates its light source but also the additional brightening reflector, so that overall a larger area is illuminated than the area of the lens and the subjective glare is reduced.
- the arrangement of the brightening reflector between the lens and the ellipsoidal reflector the view of a holder supporting the lens, the Aperture and the light source located in the inner focal point of the reflector. So that the headlamp is homogeneous brilliant in this area too Appearance, the holder and the bezel must be elegantly designed and be provided with a reflective surface. Through this reflective Surface of the holder can dazzle the oncoming traffic arise.
- the lens surrounding screen is a light guide.
- the faceplate points to the Lens has a central opening.
- the inside of the opening borders on the convex front of the lens.
- the inside of the opening serves as Light coupling surface for light rays emerging from the lens.
- On the front side of the light guide light rays are totally reflected, while reflection elements on Back of the light guide the light rays to serve as the light exit surface Reflect the front.
- the screen therefore serves as a lens surrounding brightening reflector.
- the disadvantage here is that the light guide with the Inside of its opening be placed very close to the front of the lens must and thereby reduces the light exit opening of the lens.
- the lens must be in the inside of the opening of the fill reflector adjacent section have a very roughened surface so sufficient light enters the brightening reflector formed by a light guide.
- the object of the invention is that described in the preamble of claim 1 Improve headlights for vehicles such that when switched on Headlights an active light emission surface of the headlights even then appears much larger than the light exit surface of the lens when the Screen does not reduce the optically effective light exit surface of the lens and the lens does not have a roughly roughened surface section to scatter the Must have light and furthermore neither a disturbing glare an additional light source is required for oncoming traffic.
- the brightening reflector is one of the Lens associated focal area and a paraboloid-shaped reflection surface has a paraboloidal line in each radial section and collects light rays deflected by the lens.
- the projection of this light source represents an independent optical System (brightening of the surroundings through lens projection).
- the reflector, the light source and the lens provide the main light beam. From the brightening reflector (ambient reflector) generates luminances in the room oncoming traffic a low, homogeneous level of glare.
- the Oncoming drivers therefore do not define the lens, but the entire one Surface of the lens and filler reflector as a light-active surface.
- the prerequisite for a pleasant appearance for oncoming traffic is Homogeneity of the luminance distribution on the entire luminous surface of the Fill-.
- To achieve an ideal homogeneity of the luminance distribution on the Achieving brightening reflector is a diffuse reflection from every surface point the lens advantageous. This "normal noise" can be due to a micro roughness the surface or by segmentation, faceting, hammered structure etc. can be achieved.
- the headlight for vehicles has a light unit (15), which in one Headlight housing, not shown, is arranged.
- the light unit (15) can be rigidly connected to the headlight housing or in the Headlight housing be mounted adjustable at least about one axis.
- the Light unit (15) has an ellipsoidal reflector (1), in the interior of which Burning location a light source (2) is arranged.
- a light source (2) Incandescent lamp or a gas discharge lamp are used.
- the lamp is in one in the The apex region of the reflector (1) is inserted and through a socket (17) is held on the reflector (1).
- the lens (3) is over a Lens holder (18) connected to the front edge of the reflector (1).
- the Lens (3) has a flat side (19) facing the reflector (1) and one Reflector (1) facing away from the convex side (4).
- the ellipsoidal reflector (1) is provided on its front with a reflective surface (20) by a Freeform surface is determined.
- the freeform surface cannot be mathematical Function are described, but is chosen freely.
- From the light source (2) outgoing light rays (21) reflected by the reflector (1) produce a Main light beam (12) with one shown by the aperture (14) Cut-off line (22).
- the main light beam (12) can be a symmetrical or serve asymmetrical low beam.
- Light rays (21) run with respect to the optical axis (9) of the light unit (15) inclined downwards at an angle (a).
- the lens (3) with its convex side (4) dips through one Receiving opening (24) of a paraboloid-shaped brightening reflector (5).
- the brightening reflector (5) borders on the edge area of its receiving opening (24) convex side (4) of the lens (3) and is with this edge area on the Lens holder (8) attached.
- the side of the reflector (1) facing away Brightening reflector (5) is a reflection surface (6), which is a in each radial section paraboloidal line describes.
- the paraboloid-shaped brightening reflector (5) has a focal area assigned to the lens (3), which within and / or is arranged outside the lens (3).
- the paraboloid-shaped brightening reflector (5) has at least one optical axis (23) which is parallel to the optical axis (9) of the light unit (15) runs.
- the brightening reflector (5) shown in Figure 2 surrounds the lens (3) at a distance and is attached to the headlight housing, not shown.
- the convex Side (4) of the lens (3) has a roughness in the micro range. Therefore sprinkle Portions of the light diffuse outwards, while other portions enter the lens totally reflect so that they come out on the other side of the lens.
- This light components deflected by the lens (3) are those on the reflection surface (6) of the Lightening reflector (5) occurring light rays (7), which a secondary light beam (13) produce.
- the brightening reflector (5) shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is thus to the light unit (15) aligned that its secondary light beam (13) at least for the most part is arranged above the main light beam (12). From the fill reflector (5) generated luminance levels do not create any disturbing effects for oncoming traffic Glare.
- the headlight shows a pleasant for the oncoming traffic Appearance, since not only the lens (3) but also the lens (3) completely surrounding fill-in reflector (5) is illuminated.
- Figure 2 on the convex side (4) of the lens (3) is a circumferential line (8) shown, through which optical axes (23), which together form a Form a cylinder whose central axis coincides with the optical axis (9) of the light unit (15) coincides.
- the optical axes (23) are from the paraboloid lines formed, which result in radial sections through the brightening reflector (5).
- the brightening reflector (5) can be placed in a large screen of a headlight several light units can be integrated. Such screens are either on Headlight housing or a lens attached.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
Description
- diffus abgestrahlte Totalreflexionsanteile und
- diffuse Anteile durch Brechung an der Oberflächen-Mikrostruktur.
- Figur 1:
- einen vertikalen mittleren Längsschnitt durch einen Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge mit einer einen Reflektor, eine Blende und eine Linse aufweisenden Lichteinheit und einem die Linse umgebenden Aufhellreflektor, der an der Lichteinheit gehaltert ist.
- Figur 2:
- eine Seitenansicht auf eine Linse und einen die Linse mit Abstand umgebenden Aufhellreflektor
- Figur 3:
- eine prinzipielle Darstellung der Lichtbündel des Scheinwerfers im Verkehrsraum und
- Figur 4:
- eine prinzipielle Darstellung der Lichtverteilungen auf einem Meßschirm
- 1
- Reflektor
- 2
- Lichtquelle
- 3
- Linse
- 4
- konvexe Seite
- 5
- Aufhellreflektor
- 6
- Reflexionsfläche
- 7
- Lichtstrahlen
- 8
- Umfangslinie
- 9
- optische Achse
- 10
- Neben-Lichtfigur
- 11
- Haupt-Lichtfigur
- 12
- Haupt-Lichtbündel
- 13
- Neben-Lichtbündel
- 14
- Blende
- 15
- Lichteinheit
- 16
- Öffnung
- 17
- Fassung
- 18
- Linsenhalter
- 19
- plane Seite
- 20
- Reflexionsfläche
- 21
- Lichtstrahlen
- 22
- Hell-Dunkel-Grenze
- 23
- optische Achsen
- 24
- Aufnahmeöffnung
Claims (13)
- Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge mit einem schalenförmigen Reflektor (1), mit einer dem Reflektor (1) zugeordneten Lichtquelle (2), mit einer in dem Strahlengang des Reflektors (1) angeordneten Linse (3), welche das von dem Reflektor (1) reflektierte Licht sammelt und eine dem Reflektor (1) abgewandte konvexe Seite (4) aufweist, und mit einer die Linse (3) umgebenden Sichtblende, die zusätzlich ein Lichtstrahlen (7) der Lichtquelle (2) sammelnder Aufhellreflektor (5) ist, welcher vollständig die Linse (3) umgibt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Aufhellreflektor einen der Linse (3) zugeordneten Brennbereich und eine paraboloidförmige Reflexionsfläche (6) aufweist, die in jedem Radialschnitt eine paraboloidförmige Linie aufweist und von der Linse (3) abgelenkte Lichtstrahlen (7) sammelt.
- Scheinwerfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brennbereich des Aufhellreflektors (5) koaxial zur optischen Achse (9) der Linse (3) verläuft.
- Scheinwerfer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brennbereich des Aufhellreflektors (5) ringförmig verläuft.
- Scheinwerfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brennbereich des Aufhellreflektors (5) in einem Bereich der konvexen Seite (4) der Linse (3) verläuft
- Scheinwerfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Linse (3) mit ihrer vorderen konvexen Seite (4) durch den Brennbereich des Aufhellreflektors (5) hindurchgeht.
- Scheinwerfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest der größte Teil des Brennbereichs des Aufhellreflektors (5) im Inneren der Linse (3) angeordnet ist.
- Scheinwerfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest der größte Teil des Brennbereichs des Aufhellreflektors (5) außerhalb der Linse (3) und angrenzend zur konvexen vorderen Seite (4) der Linse (3) verläuft.
- Scheinwerfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brennbereich auf der konvexen vorderen Seite (4) der Linse (3) liegt.
- Scheinwerfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Aufhellreflektor (5) so gegenüber der Linse (3) und dem schalenförmigen Reflektor (1) angeordnet ist, daß die von dem Aufhellreflektor (5) reflektierten Lichtstrahlen (7), die aus der konvexen vorderen Seite (4) der Linse (3) austreten und auf den Aufhellreflektor (5) auftreffen, auf einer vor dem Scheinwerfer aufstellbaren Wand eine Neben - Lichtfigur (10) ergeben, die zumindest mit einem Bereich oberhalb einer Helldunkelgrenze einer abgeblendeten Haupt - Lichtfigur (11) liegt und der Umfeldaufhellung dient.
- Scheinwerfer nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine optische Achse des Aufhellreflektors (5) in einem spitzen Winkel zur optischen Achse (9) der Linse (3) und des schalenförmigen Reflektors (1) verläuft, wobei in Anbaulage des Scheinwerfers im Bereich seines Haupt-Lichtbündels (12) die optische Achse des Aufhellreflektors (5) oberhalb der optischen Achse (5) der Linse (3) und des schalenförmigen Reflektors (1) verläuft.
- Scheinwerfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reflexionsfläche (6) des Aufhellreflektors (5) eine Lichtstrahlen (7) streuende Oberflächenstruktur aufweist.
- Scheinwerfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Aufhellreflektor (5) an ener den Reflektor (1) und Linse (3) aufweisenden Lichteinheit gehaltert ist.
- Scheinwerfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Aufhellreflektor (5) an einem den Reflektor (1) und die Linse (3) aufnehmenden Gehäuse gehaltert ist und die Linse (3) mit Abstand umgibt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19921511 | 1999-05-10 | ||
| DE1999121511 DE19921511A1 (de) | 1999-05-10 | 1999-05-10 | Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1052449A2 EP1052449A2 (de) | 2000-11-15 |
| EP1052449A3 EP1052449A3 (de) | 2003-01-29 |
| EP1052449B1 true EP1052449B1 (de) | 2004-08-25 |
Family
ID=7907589
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20000109700 Expired - Lifetime EP1052449B1 (de) | 1999-05-10 | 2000-05-08 | Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1052449B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE274673T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19921511A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2224958T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2847656B1 (fr) * | 2002-11-22 | 2006-04-14 | Valeo Vision | Dispositif projecteur avec plage eclairante elargie |
| DE10306890A1 (de) * | 2003-02-18 | 2004-08-26 | Hella Kg Hueck & Co. | Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge |
| US8789967B2 (en) | 2011-06-02 | 2014-07-29 | Musco Corporation | Apparatus, method, and system for independent aiming and cutoff steps in illuminating a target area |
| CN104566215B (zh) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-12-29 | 上海小糸车灯有限公司 | 一种车灯照明用局部镀铝透镜 |
| JP6659310B2 (ja) | 2015-11-11 | 2020-03-04 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 車両用灯具 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3519271C1 (de) * | 1985-05-30 | 1986-08-28 | Westfälische Metall Industrie KG Hueck & Co, 4780 Lippstadt | Abgeblendeter Fahrzeugscheinwerfer nach dem Projektionsprinzip |
| US4949226A (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1990-08-14 | Koito Seisakusko Co., Ltd. | Projector-type lighting device of expanded outline appearance for use as a vehicular headlamp or the like |
| JP2544681B2 (ja) * | 1990-08-17 | 1996-10-16 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | 自動車用前照灯装置 |
| JP2610088B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-08 | 1997-05-14 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | 補助ランプ内蔵自動車用ヘッドランプ |
| DE19655357B4 (de) * | 1996-05-25 | 2009-01-15 | Automotive Lighting Reutlingen Gmbh | Fahrzeug-Scheinwerfer |
| DE19704426B4 (de) * | 1997-02-06 | 2005-12-15 | Automotive Lighting Reutlingen Gmbh | Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge nach dem Projektionsprinzip |
| DE19704467B4 (de) * | 1997-02-06 | 2006-07-20 | Automotive Lighting Reutlingen Gmbh | Fahrzeug-Scheinwerfer |
| DE19814478A1 (de) * | 1997-07-10 | 1999-01-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge |
-
1999
- 1999-05-10 DE DE1999121511 patent/DE19921511A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-05-08 ES ES00109700T patent/ES2224958T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-08 EP EP20000109700 patent/EP1052449B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-08 DE DE50007538T patent/DE50007538D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-08 AT AT00109700T patent/ATE274673T1/de active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19921511A1 (de) | 2000-11-16 |
| ES2224958T3 (es) | 2005-03-16 |
| ATE274673T1 (de) | 2004-09-15 |
| EP1052449A3 (de) | 2003-01-29 |
| DE50007538D1 (de) | 2004-09-30 |
| EP1052449A2 (de) | 2000-11-15 |
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