EP1055813A2 - Moteur à combustion à refroidissement par liquide et avec un système de recirculation de gaz d'échappement - Google Patents

Moteur à combustion à refroidissement par liquide et avec un système de recirculation de gaz d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1055813A2
EP1055813A2 EP00109834A EP00109834A EP1055813A2 EP 1055813 A2 EP1055813 A2 EP 1055813A2 EP 00109834 A EP00109834 A EP 00109834A EP 00109834 A EP00109834 A EP 00109834A EP 1055813 A2 EP1055813 A2 EP 1055813A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
combustion engine
internal combustion
heat exchanger
controlled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00109834A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1055813B1 (fr
EP1055813A3 (fr
Inventor
Henryk Bednarek
Hariolf Dr. Gentner
Werner Lugs
Markus Kutscha
Wolfgang Kuttler
Peter Dr. Nefischer
Ewald Riemeyer
Wolfgang Seiler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP1055813A2 publication Critical patent/EP1055813A2/fr
Publication of EP1055813A3 publication Critical patent/EP1055813A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1055813B1 publication Critical patent/EP1055813B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/20—Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/28—Layout, e.g. schematics with liquid-cooled heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/65—Constructional details of EGR valves
    • F02M26/71—Multi-way valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P2007/143—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid using restrictions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P2007/146—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/02—Intercooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/08—Cabin heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/045—Constructional details of the heat exchangers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation, materials, or manufacturing and assembly
    • F02B29/0475—Constructional details of the heat exchangers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation, materials, or manufacturing and assembly the intake air cooler being combined with another device, e.g. heater, valve, compressor, filter or EGR cooler, or being assembled on a special engine location
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/33—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage controlling the temperature of the recirculated gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/42—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
    • F02M26/44—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders in which a main EGR passage is branched into multiple passages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Liquid-cooled internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas recirculation system, the one with a coolant circulation controlled by a thermostat and a map-controlled Internal combustion engine connected on the inflow and outflow sides for cooling the recirculated into the machine intake air controlled by an EGR valve
  • Exhaust gas comprises, the heat exchanger on the inflow or outflow side a throttle thermostat is controlled.
  • Such an exhaust gas heat exchanger for an exhaust gas recirculation system of a liquid-cooled Internal combustion engine is for example from DE 28 42 653 A1 known, which serves to cool the recirculated exhaust gas.
  • DE 28 32 571 C is an exhaust gas coolant heat exchanger for one Internal combustion engine known in the warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine is used to heat the coolant so as to shorten the warm-up phase. Furthermore, the thermal energy supplied to the coolant in this operating phase can at low outside temperatures also for heating the passenger compartment as well as for windshield defrosting. A cooling the exhaust gas recirculated into the machine intake air is known in this Arrangement not provided.
  • the invention has for its object in a generic internal combustion engine using an EGR heat exchanger with little effort in use the heat present in the exhaust gas in a certain operating range.
  • the EGR heat exchanger for the use of exhaust gas heat can be operated in a controlled manner
  • Exhaust gas recirculation line downstream of the EGR valve a first switch for connection with a machine exhaust pipe and in an inlet or outlet pipe of the EGR heat exchanger in a bypass line bypassing its throttle thermostats a second switch for coolant circulation are provided, the EGR valve as well as the two switches for exhaust gas heat recirculation into the coolant circulation Map-controlled are on a free, respective medium passage.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous with a given EGR heat exchanger to realize in a simple manner for an advantageous rapid heating of the coolant the internal combustion engine after a cold start.
  • the EGR heat exchanger upstream of the thermostat of the internal combustion engine with the coolant circulation on the inlet side communicates.
  • the EGR heat exchanger in the warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine after a cold start warming coolant supplied, which in turn heats up by the exhaust gas is.
  • This arrangement allows this in a further advantageous manner by using the Exhaust gas heat cools the coolant more quickly into the internal or short circuit feed the internal combustion engine.
  • the EGR heat exchanger with exhaust gas heat recirculation controlled upstream of the Thermostats of the internal combustion engine with the coolant circulation and subsequent Exhaust gas cooling controlled on the inlet side downstream of a cooler Internal combustion engine can be connected to the coolant circulation.
  • This configuration can be used in an exhaust gas recirculation mode following the warm-up phase in partial load mode the EGR heat exchanger is charged with relatively cool coolant become.
  • the first Switch as exhaust switch and the second switch as coolant switch each as a control valve device are designed.
  • the invention is based on a coolant circuit shown schematically in the drawing a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas recirculation system described.
  • a liquid-cooled, map-controlled internal combustion engine 1 with an exhaust gas recirculation system 2 comprises one controlled by a thermostat 3 Coolant circulation connected to the EGR heat exchanger on the inlet and outlet side 5 for cooling the controlled in the machine intake air 7 via an EGR valve 6 recirculated exhaust gas, the EGR heat exchanger 5 on the discharge side via a Throttle thermostat 8 is controlled.
  • the EGR heat exchanger 5 is upstream of the Thermostats 3 of the internal combustion engine 1 with the coolant circulation 4 on the inlet side Connection with which coolant heated on the machine side to the EGR heat exchanger 5 is supplied, the temperature of which is further increased by using the exhaust gas heat is.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 can be further equipped so that with exhaust gas cooling the EGR heat exchanger 5 on the inlet side - not shown - is controlled downstream of one Radiator 15 of the internal combustion engine 1 can be connected to the coolant circulation 4.
  • the first switch 10 as an exhaust switch and the second switch 14 as a coolant switch each designed as a control flap device, each controlled by a map are operated.
  • Exhaust gas turbocharger 18 arranged in the engine exhaust line 11 is essential here that the throttled connection 16 downstream of the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger 18 opens into the machine exhaust pipe 11.
  • the EGR heat exchanger 5 on the discharge side with a return line 19 one with the Coolant circulation 4 of the internal combustion engine 1 controlled connectable vehicle and / or Air conditioning unit 20 in connection, with the heating return line 19 downstream of the thermostat 3 of the internal combustion engine 1 upstream of an inlet a water pump 21 opens.
  • the EGR heat exchanger 5 can be equipped with a separate, water-cooled one Charge air cooler (not shown) can be structurally combined.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
EP00109834A 1999-05-27 2000-05-10 Moteur à combustion à refroidissement par liquide et avec un système de recirculation de gaz d'échappement Expired - Lifetime EP1055813B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19924398A DE19924398A1 (de) 1999-05-27 1999-05-27 Flüssigkeitsgekühlte Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Abgasrückführsystem
DE19924398 1999-05-27

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1055813A2 true EP1055813A2 (fr) 2000-11-29
EP1055813A3 EP1055813A3 (fr) 2001-07-11
EP1055813B1 EP1055813B1 (fr) 2002-11-20

Family

ID=7909414

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00109834A Expired - Lifetime EP1055813B1 (fr) 1999-05-27 2000-05-10 Moteur à combustion à refroidissement par liquide et avec un système de recirculation de gaz d'échappement

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1055813B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19924398A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2187408T3 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004022940A1 (fr) * 2002-09-04 2004-03-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Circuits de refroidissement moteur
WO2005028847A1 (fr) * 2003-09-05 2005-03-31 Daimlerchrysler Ag Moteur a combustion interne pour vehicule
FR2872546A1 (fr) * 2004-07-05 2006-01-06 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Dispositif de regulation thermique d'un moteur a combustion interne
FR2876417A1 (fr) * 2004-10-11 2006-04-14 Renault Sas Systeme de recirculation des gaz brules provenant d'un moteur a combustion interne d'un vehicule
FR2883923A1 (fr) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-06 Renault Sas Dispositif et procede de refroidissement d'un organe de vehicule par pompe auxiliaire
WO2007012493A1 (fr) * 2005-07-28 2007-02-01 Audi Ag Systeme de refroidissement pour vehicule et procede pour actionner un systeme de refroidissement
EP1918545A3 (fr) * 2006-10-31 2009-05-06 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, LLC. Contrôleur de refroidissement pour moteur à combustion interne
EP1970548A3 (fr) * 2007-03-16 2009-09-23 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil de refroidissement pour moteur à combustion interne
DE102010001752A1 (de) 2010-02-10 2011-08-11 Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Mich. Kühlsystem
CN102431414A (zh) * 2011-11-17 2012-05-02 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 一种利用汽车尾气余热的采暖系统
US20140158784A1 (en) * 2012-12-11 2014-06-12 V2 Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Partnership Handelsbolag Running a phev in ev mode under cold conditions
CN112983624A (zh) * 2019-12-12 2021-06-18 现代自动车株式会社 用于车辆的冷却系统的冷却水流量控制装置

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006037640B4 (de) * 2006-08-10 2020-08-27 Mahle International Gmbh Wärmetauscher für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE102010064472B3 (de) * 2010-02-10 2015-05-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kühlsystems und Kühlsystem
DE102010035174A1 (de) * 2010-08-23 2012-02-23 Gm Global Technology Operations Llc (N.D.Ges.D. Staates Delaware) Kühlsystem für ein Fahrzeug mit einem Abgasrückführungssystem und Verfahren zur Kühlung eines Fahrzeugs mit einem Abgasrückführungssystem

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2553174A1 (de) 1975-11-27 1977-06-02 Daimler Benz Ag Warmluft abgebende heizvorrichtung fuer durch eine fluessigkeitsgekuehlte brennkraftmaschine angetriebene fahrzeuge, insbesondere kraftfahrzeuge
DE2842653A1 (de) 1977-09-29 1979-04-12 Borg Warner Abgasrueckfuehrsystem
DE2832571C2 (fr) 1978-07-25 1988-12-15 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart, De
DE19726217A1 (de) 1996-06-22 1998-01-08 Knecht Filterwerke Gmbh Durch einen Verbrennungsmotor antreibbares Kraftfahrzeug

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4240239C2 (de) * 1992-12-01 1995-11-30 Wolfgang Schmitz Verbrennungskraftmaschine
JPH08165925A (ja) * 1994-12-14 1996-06-25 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関のｅｇｒクーラ用冷却水循環装置
JPH10325368A (ja) * 1997-05-26 1998-12-08 Isuzu Motors Ltd Ｅｇｒガス冷却装置
DE19744936A1 (de) * 1997-10-10 1999-04-15 Deutz Ag Abgasrückführung bei einer aufgeladenen Brennkraftmaschine
JPH11125149A (ja) * 1997-10-23 1999-05-11 Mitsubishi Motors Corp 排気ガス還流装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2553174A1 (de) 1975-11-27 1977-06-02 Daimler Benz Ag Warmluft abgebende heizvorrichtung fuer durch eine fluessigkeitsgekuehlte brennkraftmaschine angetriebene fahrzeuge, insbesondere kraftfahrzeuge
DE2842653A1 (de) 1977-09-29 1979-04-12 Borg Warner Abgasrueckfuehrsystem
DE2832571C2 (fr) 1978-07-25 1988-12-15 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart, De
DE19726217A1 (de) 1996-06-22 1998-01-08 Knecht Filterwerke Gmbh Durch einen Verbrennungsmotor antreibbares Kraftfahrzeug

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004022940A1 (fr) * 2002-09-04 2004-03-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Circuits de refroidissement moteur
WO2005028847A1 (fr) * 2003-09-05 2005-03-31 Daimlerchrysler Ag Moteur a combustion interne pour vehicule
FR2872546A1 (fr) * 2004-07-05 2006-01-06 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Dispositif de regulation thermique d'un moteur a combustion interne
WO2006005879A1 (fr) * 2004-07-05 2006-01-19 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Dispositif de regulation thermique d'un moteur a combustion interne
FR2876417A1 (fr) * 2004-10-11 2006-04-14 Renault Sas Systeme de recirculation des gaz brules provenant d'un moteur a combustion interne d'un vehicule
FR2883923A1 (fr) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-06 Renault Sas Dispositif et procede de refroidissement d'un organe de vehicule par pompe auxiliaire
US8136488B2 (en) 2005-07-28 2012-03-20 Audi Ag Cooling system for a vehicle, and method for the operation of a cooling system
WO2007012493A1 (fr) * 2005-07-28 2007-02-01 Audi Ag Systeme de refroidissement pour vehicule et procede pour actionner un systeme de refroidissement
CN101184910B (zh) * 2005-07-28 2011-02-09 奥迪股份公司 用于车辆的冷却系统和用于运行冷却系统的方法
EP1918545A3 (fr) * 2006-10-31 2009-05-06 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, LLC. Contrôleur de refroidissement pour moteur à combustion interne
EP1970548A3 (fr) * 2007-03-16 2009-09-23 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil de refroidissement pour moteur à combustion interne
DE102010001752A1 (de) 2010-02-10 2011-08-11 Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Mich. Kühlsystem
CN102431414A (zh) * 2011-11-17 2012-05-02 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 一种利用汽车尾气余热的采暖系统
US20140158784A1 (en) * 2012-12-11 2014-06-12 V2 Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Partnership Handelsbolag Running a phev in ev mode under cold conditions
US9649910B2 (en) * 2012-12-11 2017-05-16 V2 Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Partnership Handelbolag Running a PHEV in EV mode under cold conditions
CN112983624A (zh) * 2019-12-12 2021-06-18 现代自动车株式会社 用于车辆的冷却系统的冷却水流量控制装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19924398A1 (de) 2000-11-30
DE50000779D1 (de) 2003-01-02
ES2187408T3 (es) 2003-06-16
EP1055813B1 (fr) 2002-11-20
EP1055813A3 (fr) 2001-07-11

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