Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
  • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
  • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
  • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
  • C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
  • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
  • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
  • C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
  • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
  • C02F1/763—Devices for the addition of such compounds in gaseous form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
  • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
  • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
  • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
  • C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
  • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
  • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
  • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
  • C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
  • C02F2303/04—Disinfection

Definitions

• the present invention generally relates to an electrolytic cell for the
• the present invention is directed to
• anions from which a purifying gas may be generated e.g., chloride ions, in the water which contacts the anode.
• Metal anodes particularly silver, copper, iron and aluminum, become covered
• Electrolytic cells have long been used to produce chlorine for purification
• salt i.e., sodium chloride
• swimming pool chlorination systems have typically employed a separate electrolysis cell containing a high concentration of salt in which
• chlorine is produced for introduction into the pool water.
• Wellwater, surface water and sewage water typically contains only about
• chloride ions may be -3- concentrated in an anode compartment by the use of anion selective membranes. Such membranes permit the passage of anions into the anode compartment while minimizing back diffusion due to the concentration gradient across the membrane.
• the electrolysis cell can produce sufficient chlorine to effectively purify the water.
• Chlorine gas generated at the anode may escape from the anode compartment and mix with the water to be treated through an appropriate aperture in the top of the anode compartment.
• Anion selective membranes used in such systems have most often used tertiary, quaternary and polyamines to provide the desired amine exchange capacity.
• these amines react with the chlorine generated at the anode to liberate nitrogen.
• the exchange capacity of these anion selective membranes is continuously destroyed by the chlorine generated at the anode.
• porous membrane were also unsuccessful.
• electrolytic cell used to purify water.
• the present invention solves those needs.
• the present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for the
• an electrolytic cell including a series of porous membranes for concentrating anions from which a purifying gas may be
• the electrolytic cell of the present invention includes a closed electrolytic
• anode Disposed within the chamber are an anode and a cathode
• the anode is disposed along the axis
• the electrolytic cell further includes a plurality of porous membranes
• the anode compartment within which the anode is disposed.
• the presently preferred embodiment employs 2-6 sequentially disposed porous membranes selected
• polypropylene felt and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film are employed.
• the water to be treated is directed into and through an electrolytic chamber having a cathode and an anode.
• water contacting the anode is directed sequentially through a
• the method of the present invention is particularly appropriate
• Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional illustration of an electrolytic cell in accord with the present invention and useful for concentrating anions and generating a
• Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of a composite porous membrane
• the present invention provides an improved, more efficient and more
• the present invention provides an electrolytic cell capable of concentrating anions, particularly chloride ions,
• the present invention overcomes the deficiency caused by the high back diffusion gradient across a single, porous membrane by providing means for
• the electrolytic cell of the present invention includes a closed electrolytic chamber having a lower inlet opening and an upper outlet opening for directing
• At least partially surrounding the anode are -8- a plurality of porous membranes disposed so that water must pass sequentially
• these porous membranes comprise the walls of an anode
• the presently preferred embodiment includes 2-6 sequentially disposed
• porous membranes selected from the group of materials consisting of porous
• the membranes comprise alternating layers of polypropylene felt
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• polypropylene felts having a thickness of about 0.1 -0.5 inch. Those having a thickness of about 0.25 inch are particularly useful.
• the anode may be a single anode or multiple anodes and may be
• Anodes may be constructed with any desired configuration. Anodes may be constructed from
• any appropriate conductive material includes
• the anode may be solid or may be formed
• the cathode may take the form of a -9- plurality of electrodes disposed radially about an anode placed along the
• the cathode includes a cathode comprising an electrode concentrically disposed about an anode.
• the cathode may be constructed from any suitable conductive material,
• the cathode may be solid, it may
• the chamber of the electrolytic cell may be constructed of many materials
• Exemplary materials include plastics, porcelain, glass, hard rubber and concrete. In fact, if constructed in part of a
• the metal of the chamber might serve as the cathode of the
• the electrolytic cell 10 includes
• closed electrolytic chamber 12 having inlet opening 14 and an outlet opening 16
• Electrolytic cell 10 includes an anode 20 disposed along the longitudinal
• Compartment 22 is formed by a plurality of sequentially disposed porous membranes 24 substantially
• aperture 28 designed to permit gases generated at anode 20 to escape from
• Aperture 28 also permits escape of water which has permeated through
• membranes 24 is cathode 30 formed of a perforated metal screen to facilitate
• the electrolytic cell 10 is driven by an appropriate direct current power
• porous membranes 24a, 24b and 24c are successively through porous membranes 24a, 24b and 24c into
• the concentration of anions within the anode compartment may be increased to a level, e.g., greater than
• Fig. 2 illustrates in cross-section a preferred porous membrane
• Fig 2. may, in a preferred embodiment, be employed to form each

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=21824146

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Families Citing this family (6)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1999
  • 1999-02-12 AU AU26756/99A patent/AU2675699A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-02-12 CA CA002323505A patent/CA2323505A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-02-12 WO PCT/US1999/003064 patent/WO1999041204A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1999-02-12 EP EP99906974A patent/EP1056685A4/de not_active Withdrawn

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