EP1063358A2 - Système de pieux - Google Patents

Système de pieux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1063358A2
EP1063358A2 EP00305254A EP00305254A EP1063358A2 EP 1063358 A2 EP1063358 A2 EP 1063358A2 EP 00305254 A EP00305254 A EP 00305254A EP 00305254 A EP00305254 A EP 00305254A EP 1063358 A2 EP1063358 A2 EP 1063358A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
hole
ram
pile
membrane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00305254A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1063358A3 (fr
Inventor
Paul Kiss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Abbey Pynford Contracts PLC
Original Assignee
Abbey Pynford Contracts PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abbey Pynford Contracts PLC filed Critical Abbey Pynford Contracts PLC
Publication of EP1063358A2 publication Critical patent/EP1063358A2/fr
Publication of EP1063358A3 publication Critical patent/EP1063358A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds

Definitions

  • the invention is concerned with piles, which are formed by creating a hole in the ground and filling the hole with a settable cementitious material, such as concrete or grout.
  • piles which may be reinforced, are used to support new structures or in underpinning existing structures.
  • the load bearing ability of such a pile may depend essentially upon the skin friction between the outer periphery of the pile and the surrounding soil. It is often desirable to maximise the load bearing capacity of each pile.
  • the capacity can be increased by increasing the diameter or depth of the pile but often involves heavier machinery and, in the case of underpinning, there is often limited head room to accommodate the necessary equipment for putting in heavy or long piles.
  • a limiting factor in the load bearing capacity of the pile is the adhesion between the outer surface of the pile and the surrounding soil.
  • a method of putting down a pile comprises: creating a cylindrical hole in the ground; pressing indentations into the wall of the hole; and placing settable cementitious material to form a pile core within the hole.
  • the resulting pile would be formed with integral outwardly extending projections which will key into the surrounding soil and effectively increase the diameter of the pile to the cylindrical envelope defined by the radially outermost parts of the projections.
  • This itself will increase the load bearing capacity of the pile above that of a pile having a diameter corresponding to that of the original cylindrical hole.
  • a further advantage is that the soil stress and/or effective adhesion factors are increased thus further increasing the capacity of the pile.
  • each indentation may be between 2.5 and 200%, and preferably between 2.5 and 50%, of the diameter of the pile core.
  • the indentations may extend from the periphery of the pile core in the order of 5 to 400 mm in clay soils and 5 to 100mm in other cases.
  • the indentations may be formed by a tool which may be lowered to the bottom of the hole, and from which one or more shoes may be extended radially into the wall of the hole to form a series of indentations. The shoes may then be withdrawn, the position of the device altered within the pile by a precalculated amount and the process repeated to create a plurality of spaced apart series of indentations. The hole may then be filled with a settable cementitious material.
  • the wall of the hole may be the ground or it may be a pile case which has been driven into the ground.
  • One tool for forming the indentations in the above new method comprises a substantially cylindrical body which is arranged to be lowered into the hole and which contains one or more shoes, and means for forcing the shoe(s) radially outwards to form the protrusion(s) so as to create the indentation(s) in the wall of the hole.
  • each shoe may be shaped in such a way as to create the desired shape of indentation and the radially innermost side shaped so as to be engaged by forcing means, such as a double acting hydraulically operated axially moving ram, for forcing the shoes radially outwardly and inwardly.
  • forcing means such as a double acting hydraulically operated axially moving ram, for forcing the shoes radially outwardly and inwardly.
  • the outermost side of each shoe may be shaped such that a number of axially spaced projections are formed on each shoe.
  • each shoe and the surface of the ram may have complementary keying formations such that, as the ram is moved axially, a T-shaped or other formation on the shoe is slidable in a keyway in the ram.
  • the invention also includes an alternative tool for forming the indentations in the above new method, the tool comprising an annular flexible membrane, a double acting hydraulically operated axially moving ram having two relatively movable parts, each movable part being sealed to a respective end of the membrane, and a fluid contained within the membrane, wherein, when the ram is extended, the membrane is substantially cylindrical and can be lowered into the hole and when the ram is retracted, the membrane protrudes radially outwards to form an annular indentation in the wall of the hole.
  • the two relatively movable parts of the ram may be provided with a respective plate to which the membrane is attached such that the circumference of the plate is in close proximity to the wall of the hole. This prevents the elastic membrane taking the path of least resistance and extending up and/or down the hole.
  • the membrane can extend only radially and this ensures that the indentations are formed in the wall of the hole.
  • the membrane may be formed from a rubber material.
  • the invention also includes a further alternative tool forforming the indentations in the above new method, the tool comprising an annular flexible membrane, a double acting hydraulically operated axially moving ram having two relatively movable parts, each movable part being sealed to a respective end of the membrane, and a fluid contained within the membrane, wherein, when the ram is extended, the membrane is substantially cylindrical and can be lowered into the hole and when the ram is retracted, the membrane protrudes radially outwards to form an annular indentation in the wall of the hole.
  • Conventional double acting rams comprise a piston which can be forcibly moved in two directions, usually by applying pressure to either side of a piston via a fluid such as hydraulic oil or compressed gas. This fluid must have access to both faces of the piston for the purposes of retraction and extension respectively.
  • Extension ports are usually fitted near to base of the cylinder to inject fluid to the underside of the piston and retraction ports are usually fitted near to the top of the cylinder to inject fluid to the topside of the piston. Ports can also be fitted in the two endplates of the cylinder.
  • the sides and one endplate of the cylinder are inaccessible because the ram is located in a hole in the ground.
  • the clearance between the sides of the cylinder and the wall of the hole is insufficient for side ports or for pipework connected to the topplate to be used. All operating fluids must therefore flow in and out of the tool via a single endplate of the cylinder.
  • the invention also includes a double acting ram for use in the above new tools having two relatively movable parts, the ram comprising a cylinder which is arranged to be inserted coaxially into the hole fixed at its lower end to one relatively movable part of the tool, a piston which divides the cylinder into upper and lower compartments, a rigid rod which extends and is slidable through the bottom of the cylinder and is connected at its upper end to the piston and at its lower end to the other relatively movable part of the tool, an inlet through the top of the cylinder in communication with the upper compartment and a duct extending through the top of the cylinder, through the upper compartment and through the piston into communication with the lower compartment.
  • the ram comprising a cylinder which is arranged to be inserted coaxially into the hole fixed at its lower end to one relatively movable part of the tool, a piston which divides the cylinder into upper and lower compartments, a rigid rod which extends and is slidable through the bottom of the cylinder and is connected at
  • the rigid rod may be hollow in order to accommodate a pipe, forming the duct, and may have means, such as a slit or a hole, for placing the inside of the rod in fluid communication with the outside of the rod.
  • extension fluid enters the nominal upper compartment of the cylinder through the inlet and applies pressure to the top face of the piston.
  • the surplus fluid in the nominal lower compartment of the cylinder exits through the pipe.
  • the piston and the rigid rod, which is attached to the piston, are forced downwardly and the shoes are extended outwardly.
  • fluid enters the lower compartment of the cylinder through the pipe and applies pressure to the lower face of the piston.
  • the surplus fluid in the upper compartment of the cylinder exits via the inlet in the top of the cylinder.
  • the piston is forced upwards and the shoes are withdrawn into the tool so that position of the tool can be changed and another indentation can be formed.
  • the bored pile shown in Fig. 1 has a reinforced concrete core 11 which is cast in situ in a bored hole 12 in the ground 13.
  • the load bearing capacity of the pile is enhanced by a number of rings of integral projections 14 which are cast with the pile core and which extend into preformed indentations in the wall 12 of the hole.
  • the indentations are formed as shown in Figs. 2 to 5.
  • a tool which, as shown in Fig. 4, has a cylindrical body 15 which can be lowered into the hole 12 on suspension supports 16 and which has windows 17 through which shoes, in this case double headed shoes 18, can be caused to protrude radially outwards, each to form two indentations 19 in the wall of the hole.
  • the shoes are forced radially outwards and inwards by axial movement of a plunger 20 forming or connected to a double acting ram supplied with hydraulic fluid through lines 21.
  • the tool is lowered down the hole to an appropriate depth and the plunger 20 operated to force the shoes 18 outwards from the Fig. 2 to the Fig. 3 position, corresponding to the left and right hand sides of Fig. 5, respectively, and form the indentations 19.
  • the shoes are then retracted, the tool moved an appropriate axial distance, usually up the hole 12, and the indentation forming process repeated as often as necessary.
  • the tool is then removed from the hole, reinforcement inserted, and the concrete poured to create the pile core 11 with integral projections 14.
  • Figs. 6 to 10 show the application of the invention to a driven pile having a steel case 22.
  • the case is first driven into the ground.
  • the tool as previously described is inserted into the case and the shoes 18 extended to produce indentations 19A in the case, and hence also into the surrounding earth. After sufficient indentations 19A have been created, the tool is removed and concrete poured into the case to create the pile core.
  • FIG. 11 An alternative tool is shown in Figures 11 and 12.
  • the tool has a double acting ram 23 which has two relatively movable parts 24,25 and a plate 26 provided on each movable part 24,25. A respective end of an annular membrane 27 is sealed to each plate and the membrane is filled with a fluid 28.
  • the tool is suspended on a tube 29 containing hydraulic lines 21A.
  • indentation 19B the tool is inserted into the hole 12 when the ram is fully extended.
  • the annular membrane is substantially cylindrical as shown in Figure 11.
  • the tool is lowered to the required depth and the ram is retracted.
  • the plates 26 are thus moved toward each other and the membrane 27 and fluid 28 are displaced and forced to protrude radially outwards to form the indentation.
  • the ram is then extended and the position of the tool can be altered so that another indentation can be formed. After a suitable number of indentations have been formed, the tool can be removed from the hole.
  • the further alternative tool shown in Figs. 13 and 14 differs from that shown in Figs. 11 and 12 in that the membrane 27 and fluid 28 are replaced by a ring of pivotal elbows 30 each consisting of a pair of levers 31 which are interconnected at a pivotal joint 32 and are each pivotally connected at a pivotal joint 33 to a respective one of the end plates 26.
  • a ring of pivotal elbows 30 each consisting of a pair of levers 31 which are interconnected at a pivotal joint 32 and are each pivotally connected at a pivotal joint 33 to a respective one of the end plates 26.
  • the tool is lowered and raised in the hole 12 on the tube 29 with the ram 23 extended and the elbows 30 radially retracted.
  • the double acting ram 15,23 used in the tools is shown in Fig. 15 and has a cylindrical body 34, a top plate 35 fixed to the suspension tube 29 and a base plate 36.
  • a two part piston 37 is located in the cylindrical body 34 and divides it into upper 38 and lower 39 compartments.
  • a number of seals 40 are located between the two parts of the piston 37 to prevent leakage of fluid between the upper 38 and lower 39 compartments.
  • the two parts of the piston 37 are held together by a number of screws 40.
  • a hollow rigid rod 41 extends through the base plate 36 and is connected at its upper end to the piston 37.
  • the lower end of the rigid rod 41 is arranged to be attached to either the movable plunger 20 shown in Fig. 5 or to the endplate 26 shown in Figs 11 and 13.
  • a lower part of the cylindrical body 34 is screw threaded and engages with a threaded gland 42 which is securely fastened to the rest of the tool by screws 43.
  • the rigid rod 41 causes the movable ram 20 either to push the shoes radially outwards or, in the embodiments shown in Figs 11 to 14, to disengage the tool from the pile wall.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
EP00305254A 1999-06-23 2000-06-21 Système de pieux Withdrawn EP1063358A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9914727.4A GB9914727D0 (en) 1999-06-23 1999-06-23 Piling systems
GB9914727 1999-06-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1063358A2 true EP1063358A2 (fr) 2000-12-27
EP1063358A3 EP1063358A3 (fr) 2001-03-07

Family

ID=10855943

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00305254A Withdrawn EP1063358A3 (fr) 1999-06-23 2000-06-21 Système de pieux

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1063358A3 (fr)
GB (1) GB9914727D0 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2374943A2 (fr) 2010-04-01 2011-10-12 Abbey Pynford Holdings Limited Empilement de fondation
CN112376611A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-02-19 北京城建道桥建设集团有限公司 一种分离式立交系统施工方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3164964A (en) * 1962-04-12 1965-01-12 Richard V Josephson Belling tool for bore holes
GB1102682A (en) * 1965-04-13 1968-02-07 Gnii Keramzitu A device for making enlargements in holes for piles
US3628337A (en) * 1969-09-26 1971-12-21 Fred C Stepanich Anchorable pile
US3995438A (en) * 1973-09-28 1976-12-07 Texaco Inc. Method for increasing the load carrying capacity and pull-out resistance of hollow piles
JPS559953A (en) * 1978-07-06 1980-01-24 Kubota Ltd Method and apparatus for installing steel pipe pile
DE4122811A1 (de) * 1991-07-10 1993-01-14 Willich F Berg Bautechnik Bohrlochverschluss mit quetschdichtung
US5293934A (en) * 1992-09-01 1994-03-15 Burge Russell W Ground water sampling unit having a fluid-operated seal

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2374943A2 (fr) 2010-04-01 2011-10-12 Abbey Pynford Holdings Limited Empilement de fondation
CN112376611A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-02-19 北京城建道桥建设集团有限公司 一种分离式立交系统施工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9914727D0 (en) 1999-08-25
EP1063358A3 (fr) 2001-03-07

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