EP1067563A1 - Composant électrique avec contrôle du champ électrique - Google Patents

Composant électrique avec contrôle du champ électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1067563A1
EP1067563A1 EP99810604A EP99810604A EP1067563A1 EP 1067563 A1 EP1067563 A1 EP 1067563A1 EP 99810604 A EP99810604 A EP 99810604A EP 99810604 A EP99810604 A EP 99810604A EP 1067563 A1 EP1067563 A1 EP 1067563A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
components
component
dielectric constant
mixture
electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99810604A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Christen
Jakob Rhyner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to EP99810604A priority Critical patent/EP1067563A1/fr
Priority to PCT/CH2000/000369 priority patent/WO2001004914A1/fr
Priority to AU53857/00A priority patent/AU5385700A/en
Publication of EP1067563A1 publication Critical patent/EP1067563A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B19/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing insulators or insulating bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/32—Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electrical Insulation technology. It relates to a component with control of electrical field increases as well as a manufacturing process for such a component according to the generic term of claims 1 and 11.
  • the geometry of the live materials i.e. the conductor or electrodes adjusted, for example by rounding corners and Edge. This requires a generally complex processing of the electrodes.
  • the capacitive-resistive field control is located between the conductors a macroscopically homogeneous, electrical nonlinear dielectric.
  • a nonlinear dielectric are the dielectric constant or the conductivity, or both the dielectric constant and the conductivity a function of the electric field strength.
  • a suitable nonlinear grows when a voltage is applied Nearby conductivity or dielectric constant a pointed electrode, causing the electric field is reduced there.
  • Conductivity or the dielectric constant of the dielectric inhomogeneous over the volume of the dielectric it is difficult, the optimal non-linear material properties adjust and develop appropriate materials.
  • Another job of Invention is a manufacturing method for such an inventive Creating component.
  • a component according to the invention has at least one insulation element for the mutual isolation of at least two conductors on, wherein a dielectric constant of the insulation element inhomogeneous over the volume of the insulation element runs.
  • the insulation element consists of at least two components, with at least two of these components being different Have dielectric constants.
  • the inhomogeneous, changeable course of the dielectric constant of the insulation element is a consequence of an inhomogeneous Distribution of components.
  • inhomogeneous here is a continual and location-based change of one Size meant.
  • concentration of a component with higher dielectric constant at locations of isolation who are at risk of breakdown, higher than in places that are less likely to break through. Are at risk of breakdown those places of isolation where using a dielectric homogeneous insulation material in the operating state an excessive electric field would occur.
  • the at least two components with different dielectric constants linear dielectrics. These are dielectric constants and conductivity essentially not from depending on the field strength.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that the electrical Properties of the insulation element easily adjustable are. This is possible because of the electrical properties of a single linear dielectric, as well as the electrical Properties of a mixture of linear dielectrics simple are adjustable. The latter is done by choosing the mixing ratio.
  • This location-dependent density distribution is a consequence of the fact that a so-called dielectrophoretic force acts on a dipole in an inhomogeneous field. This force pulls the dipole into areas of great absolute field strength. It is F ⁇ ⁇ E 2 that is, a force vector F acting on the dipole is proportional to a gradient of a square of a location-dependent absolute amount E of an electric field strength. Since a higher dielectric constant corresponds to a higher dipolarity density, it follows that in an initially homogeneous fluid mixture of two insulating components K1 and K2 with dielectric constants ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 , where ⁇ 1 > ⁇ 2 , component K1 moves in the direction of higher field strength.
  • the mixture for example a polymer melt, in the liquid state in a suitable electrical Field brought and solidified in the desired inhomogeneous state.
  • Manufacturing process are the components of the mixture Liquids or one or more liquids with it distributed solid particles or gases.
  • Manufacturing process will dipole molecules into a solid Isolation body diffuses.
  • a manufacturing method according to the invention from which an electrical component according to the invention results, is applied to any geometry of conductors or electrodes in which field increases are to be reduced.
  • a fluid, homogeneous mixture of components with different dielectric constants is introduced into a field-guiding space between the conductors and the conductors are brought to different electrical potentials.
  • the potential and field conditions preferably correspond to the conditions to be expected in later operation. Due to a dielectrophoretic force, dipoles of the fluid are moved in the direction of higher field strength.
  • the dielectrophoretic force is greater for components with a larger dielectric constant than for components with a lower dielectric constant.
  • the concentration of component K1 increases at locations of higher field strength. At these locations of higher field strength, the risk of electric breakdown is also increased with a linear, homogeneous dielectric.
  • a dielectric constant ⁇ of the mixture is a function of the dielectric constant of the components and a mixing ratio p.
  • p be the volume fraction of component K1.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ of the mixture goes from ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 2 .
  • the concentration of the component with a higher dielectric constant also increases the dielectric constant at locations of higher field strength.
  • ⁇ (X) dielectric constant dependent on a location vector X. This distribution is obtained mathematically from a minimization of the relevant thermodynamic potential. From the discussion of the result, an optimal choice of the mixing ratio of the components and the dielectric constants ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 results.
  • Mixtures are used for liquid insulation and gas insulation of components with different dielectric constants, or atomic polarizabilities or permanent dipole moments chosen.
  • all components are either liquid, or there are one or more of the Components in solid or gaseous phase, which are dispersive are distributed in the liquid phase.
  • the Parameters chosen so that no electrorheological instabilities occur.
  • the component act as dipoles the physical state of the component, for example particles, Molecules or ions with attached molecules.
  • the components are used to produce solid-state insulation brought into a suitable electrical field in the liquid state and solidify in the desired inhomogeneous state.
  • all components are initially liquid, or but solid or gaseous components are in a liquid Very finely divided phase.
  • the viscosity of viscous mixtures is, for example, about a shear force dependency reduced by vibration of the mixture.
  • the between the Applied voltage is, for example, at the beginning of the Process not chosen too large and during one with the Formation of the variable dielectric constant accompanying increase in dielectric strength increased.
  • the solidification is, for example, a hardening or a gelation and is, for example, by heating or addition of a chemical reaction triggered by a hardening agent effected, or by rapid cooling of the component mixture caused or by a curing process that due to the chemical properties of the components with their Mixing begins.
  • homogeneous mixtures When choosing materials and mixing ratios preferably sedimentation effects, with homogeneous mixtures preferably influences of free mixing energies and at heterogeneous mixtures as well as electrode wetting the different interface energies and the wetting behavior taken into account and exploited.
  • a dielectric energy is as high as possible relative to an entropy portion of a free energy.
  • the dielectric energy is a measure of the electrical field energy stored in the dielectric, while the entropy portion of the free energy is a measure of the tendency of the mixture to diffuse, i.e. to suppress inhomogeneities.
  • there is a cylindrical inner electrode which is at a potential U with respect to a concentric cylindrical outer electrode lying at infinity.
  • a measure Z for a ratio of the dielectric energy to the entropy portion of the free energy Z is selected such that a dielectric energy is as high as possible relative to an entropy portion of a free energy.
  • ⁇ ⁇ U 2 N ⁇ k T r 2
  • ⁇ a difference in the dielectric constant of the blend components
  • N a number of monomers per polymer
  • ⁇ a density of momomers per unit volume
  • k the Bolzmann constant
  • T an absolute temperature of the mixture
  • r a radius of the inner cylindrical electrode.
  • Materials and additives are advantageously chosen such that Z is as large as possible, in particular larger than one.
  • U is less than a breakdown voltage of the arrangement.
  • parameters of the mixture are preferably selected in the following way:
  • spinodal segregation one can be determined by two parameters, for example the temperature T and, as shown in FIG of the mixing ratio p of components in the plane spanned into first regions 11 in which the components are miscible, second regions 12 in which they are immiscible, and possibly intermediate third regions 13 with metastable states.
  • a boundary between second and third regions 12 and 13 is called spinodal 14
  • a boundary between first and third regions 11 and 13 is called binodal 15.
  • the two limits meet in one extremum with regard to temperature, a so-called critical point 16. In the general case, extremes can be maxima or minima.
  • Suitable component substances are, for example, isolating ones Liquids with different dielectric constants, for example insulating oils.
  • Suitable heterogeneous mixtures are, for example, very finely powdered ferrolectrics or non-dissociative additives with great polarizability in insulating gel or oil.
  • More suitable Components for homogeneous or heterogeneous liquid mixtures are, for example, polymers or polymer melts, and solutions of liquid or melted polymers.
  • the solid becomes, for example exposed to high temperature and high voltage.
  • the temperature is so high that diffusion is facilitated will, but not so high that the material is destroyed is, for example, by a temperature-related lowering breakthrough field strength or chemical changes.
  • FIG 1 shows an example of an application of the inventive Manufacturing process through a cross section a coaxial electrode geometry, for example a coaxial cable.
  • This has an inner electrode E1 with an inner one Radius r1 and an outer electrode E2 with an outer Ra radius r1 and an outer electrode E2 with an outer radius r2 on.
  • E (r) U / [r * ln (r2 / r1)].
  • the history of E (r) is shown in Figure 2.
  • the space between the two electrodes is filled with a mixture of two liquids K1 and K2 with dielectric constants ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 , where ⁇ 1 > ⁇ 2 .
  • An electrical voltage is applied between the electrodes, after which an inhomogeneous density distribution occurs according to what has been said above, and this results in a variable dielectric constant ⁇ (r) of the mixture.
  • the electrical voltage is preferably as high as possible, but without a breakdown occurring between the electrodes.
  • the radius-dependent course of ⁇ (r) depends on the mixing ratio p depends on the dielectric.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 show some cases of the radius-dependent profile of the dielectric constant ⁇ (r).
  • the mixture has completely separated in the vicinity of the outer electrode E2, so that the dielectric constant there is constant ⁇ 2 .
  • the mixture has completely separated in the vicinity of the inner electrode E1, so that the dielectric constant there is constant ⁇ 1 .
  • the mixture has segregated in both electrodes.
  • a course according to FIG. 3 is preferably achieved in which the dielectric constant ⁇ (r) between r1 and r2 is proportional to 1 / r.
  • Figure 3 shows the theoretically optimal case, that is, one curve of the dielectric constant proportional to 1 / r ⁇ (r).
  • E U / (r2-r1). So that's it original field elevation reduced by a factor r1 / r2 been. In reality, this course is particularly because of diffusion, only approximately achieved.
  • Figure 4 shows the constant resulting in the optimal case Course of the field strength E as a straight line. Compared with the field strength curve from FIG. 2 dependent on 1 / r a maximum field strength much lower. Because the integral from E over the distance r2-r1 always the same applied Voltage U must result, it is obvious that a minimum Field increase achieved by a constant field strength E. becomes. Realistically, such a course cannot be achieved, and the field strength E will decrease from r1 to r2.
  • the manufacturing method according to the invention is applied to the insulation in coaxial cables.
  • the components for example two-component polymers, are processed in the liquid state.
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross section through a coaxial cable according to the invention. It has an inner conductor 1, a jacket 2 and an insulation element 3.
  • the inhomogeneous distribution of components of the insulation element 3 with different dielectric constants is indicated by the distribution of circles filled in black and white.
  • An increased density of circles filled in black denotes an increased density or concentration of a component with a higher dielectric constant, as in first regions 4.
  • An increased density of circles filled in white denotes an increased density or concentration of a component with a lower dielectric constant, as in second regions 5.
  • component K1 with a higher dielectric constant ⁇ 1 is higher in the vicinity of the inner conductor than at other locations of the insulation element 3, the concentration of component K2 with a dielectric constant ⁇ 2 , where ⁇ 1 > ⁇ 2 , is higher in the vicinity of the jacket .
  • Component K1 is, for example, a solid or flexible polymer
  • component K2 is, for example, a polymer or consists of finely divided particles.
  • Manufacturing processes are one or more semiconductor devices a power semiconductor module, for example one Thyristor, IGBT or IGCT, with an insulating compound from one Poured material mixture according to the invention.
  • a power semiconductor module for example one Thyristor, IGBT or IGCT
  • an insulating compound from one Poured material mixture according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a cross section through a semiconductor component according to the invention. It has one or more semiconductors 6, one or more base elements 7 and one or more base insulators 8. These are surrounded by an insulation element 3.
  • the inhomogeneous distribution of components with different dielectric constants is indicated in the same way as above.
  • the concentration of the component K1 with a higher dielectric constant ⁇ 1 is higher at locations where an excessive field increase would occur when using a linear, dielectrically homogeneous insulation element, that is to say for example in the vicinity of outer edges of the semiconductors 6, than at other locations of the insulation element.
  • components according to the invention and that according to the invention Process can be used for all insulation applications.
  • Other examples are cable accessories, bushings, capacitors, Transformer and generator insulation.

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  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
EP99810604A 1999-07-07 1999-07-07 Composant électrique avec contrôle du champ électrique Withdrawn EP1067563A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99810604A EP1067563A1 (fr) 1999-07-07 1999-07-07 Composant électrique avec contrôle du champ électrique
PCT/CH2000/000369 WO2001004914A1 (fr) 1999-07-07 2000-07-05 Composant electrique a deconnexion de pointes de champ electriques
AU53857/00A AU5385700A (en) 1999-07-07 2000-07-05 Electrical component with disconnection of electrical field excesses

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99810604A EP1067563A1 (fr) 1999-07-07 1999-07-07 Composant électrique avec contrôle du champ électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1067563A1 true EP1067563A1 (fr) 2001-01-10

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EP99810604A Withdrawn EP1067563A1 (fr) 1999-07-07 1999-07-07 Composant électrique avec contrôle du champ électrique

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EP (1) EP1067563A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5385700A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001004914A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011055401A1 (de) * 2011-11-16 2013-05-16 Rwth Aachen Isolierkörper und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Isolierkörpers
DE102015116502A1 (de) 2015-09-29 2017-03-30 Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen Leiter für eine elektrische Freileitung und Verfahren zur Ummantelung eines Leiterseils eines Leiters
EP3279935B1 (fr) 2016-08-02 2019-01-02 ABB Schweiz AG Module de puissance à semi-conducteur

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2182098A1 (fr) * 1972-04-26 1973-12-07 Battelle Memorial Institute
DE4007335A1 (de) * 1990-03-08 1991-09-12 Asea Brown Boveri Elektrischer isolator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2182098A1 (fr) * 1972-04-26 1973-12-07 Battelle Memorial Institute
DE4007335A1 (de) * 1990-03-08 1991-09-12 Asea Brown Boveri Elektrischer isolator

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WO2001004914A1 (fr) 2001-01-18
AU5385700A (en) 2001-01-30

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