EP1070925B1 - Automatisches Kältegerät mit Abtausteuerung - Google Patents

Automatisches Kältegerät mit Abtausteuerung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1070925B1
EP1070925B1 EP00112357A EP00112357A EP1070925B1 EP 1070925 B1 EP1070925 B1 EP 1070925B1 EP 00112357 A EP00112357 A EP 00112357A EP 00112357 A EP00112357 A EP 00112357A EP 1070925 B1 EP1070925 B1 EP 1070925B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
evaporator
door
control means
temperature
defrost
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00112357A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1070925A1 (de
Inventor
Massimo Pacorich
Fabio Spolaor
Luigi Tesolin
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Electrolux Professional SpA
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Electrolux Professional SpA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1070925A1 publication Critical patent/EP1070925A1/de
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Publication of EP1070925B1 publication Critical patent/EP1070925B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/002—Defroster control
    • F25D21/006—Defroster control with electronic control circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/06—Removing frost
    • F25D21/08—Removing frost by electric heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/02—Sensors detecting door opening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/14—Sensors measuring the temperature outside the refrigerator or freezer

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a refrigeration apparatus comprising a refrigerating circuit, preferably of the type with fan-cooled evaporator, associated to control means to perform automatic defrost phases of the same evaporator.
  • Defrosting the evaporator is generally known to become necessary owing to frozen water vapour accumulating on the surface of same evaporator (thereby bringing about the so-called "packing" or icing effect), whose heat-exchange efficiency with the ambient to be refrigerated, ie. cooled down, therefore decreases significantly, thereby affecting the performance of the whole apparatus to a substantial extent.
  • automatic defrost phases are started and terminated at pre-determined, regular time intervals.
  • the defrost phases can be caused to terminate on the basis of a thermostatic control, for instance on the basis of the surface temperature of the evaporator itself.
  • JP-A-09159328 teaches to control defrosting by making use of a neural-network control rule that is driven by temperatures and air volumes measured at different points in the refrigeration apparatus.
  • the refrigeration apparatus is for example a refrigerator, preferably of a commercial or professional type, but it can also be a freezer or a combination refrigerator/freezer appliance.
  • the apparatus comprises an outer casing 3 provided mainly with at least a compartment 4 to store items such as foodstuffs therein.
  • a so-called technical or machine compartment 5 accommodating a refrigerating circuit that preferably is of the type comprising such functional component parts as a compressor 6, an evaporator 7 and a condenser 8.
  • the evaporator 7 is preferably of the finned type and is fan-assisted by a fan 9, which is adapted to circulate according to a closed-loop pattern inside the compartment 4, through appropriate apertures 19 provided in the top wall of the same compartment, a flow of air that is cooled by the evaporator.
  • the latter is preferably associated to a further functional component part, such as an electric defrost heating element 10.
  • the refrigeration apparatus further comprises a plurality of probes, or sensors, which are generally indicated at 12, 13, 14 in the Figures, and which are adapted to detect the temperature Tc of the air in the compartment 4, the temperature of the evaporator 7 and the opened and closed condition of at least an access door (generally indicated at 22 in Figure 1) of the compartment 4, respectively.
  • the apparatus also comprises further probes 15 and 16, which are adapted to detect the temperature of the condenser 8 and the temperature of the ambient in which the apparatus itself is installed, respectively.
  • the probe 13 is adapted to detect the contact temperature Te of the evaporator 7 in correspondence of its zone 19 at which the refrigerant gas flows into the evaporator coming from the condenser 8 through a flow throttling member 11.
  • this feature of the invention enables the operating conditions of the evaporator 7 to be detected in a particularly accurate and quick manner, since, as this has also been found experimentally, under determined operating conditions the above cited inflow zone 19 represents the point at which the temperature Te of the evaporator is more stable and meaningful.
  • the probes 12 - 16 can be noticed to be adapted to drive associated inputs of control means 17 with respective reference signals that are indicative of the corresponding operational quantities being controlled.
  • said control means 17 are adapted to actuate the functional component parts 1 - 10 associated to the refrigerating circuit so as to keep the cold storage compartment 4 conditioned to pre-determined optimum average values of temperature and, possibly, also moisture. In a per sè known manner, and according to a temperature set by means of the control means 17, this is obtained mainly through phases of actuation, ie.
  • the defrost phases are mainly brought about by de-energizing, ie. switching off the compressor 6 and energizing, ie. switching on the electric heating element 10.
  • control means 17 comprise preferably a microprocessor 18 (for example, of the Motorola 6805B32 type) that is driven by the probes 12 - 16 and comprises a plurality of outputs which are in turn adapted to drive respective functional component parts 6, 9, 10.
  • a microprocessor 18 for example, of the Motorola 6805B32 type
  • control means 17 will also comprise a setting input 20 adapted to be driven by selection means 21.
  • selection means may for instance comprise a keyboard or a push-button unit, or any appropriate so-called “user interface” device, by means of which the user is able to easily set (with an operation that is represented schematically by the arrow 25 in Figure 2) the storage temperature that should desirably prevail in the compartment 4 under steady-state conditions.
  • the present invention is based mainly on the consideration that, to the purpose of providing optimum defrost phases that enable efficiency losses of the refrigeration apparatus to be minimized along with the resulting alterations in the quality of the stored items, it is of paramount importance that the instants be most accurately determined at which it is appropriate for each defrost phase to be started.
  • a condition of such a packing ie. excessive icing of the evaporator 7 as to urge the starting of a defrost phase occurs in different manners depending on two main different operating conditions, ie.:
  • the need for the evaporator to be defrosted under the two above-described different operating conditions is discriminated on the basis of respective, significantly different parameters.
  • Such a discrimination can be carried out by detecting, through the sensor 14, whether the refrigeration apparatus operates in a condition in which its door 22 is substantially open or in a condition in which the same door can be considered as being substantially closed.
  • the microprocessor 18 can be easily set so as to be able to control the beginning of the defrost phases according to a first or a second mode of operation depending on the probe 14 detecting an open or closed condition of the door 22.
  • the microprocessor 18 is adapted to select the above cited first mode of operation, when the door 22 is sensed as being substantially open, throughout a period lasting until a certain time (for instance, 30 minutes) has elapsed from the door having been closed again. Once this pre-determined additional period of time (which is preferably adjustable) has elapsed, the same microprocessor 18 is adapted to select the above cited second mode of operation. It should be noticed that, according to actual needs and the various operating conditions, the term "substantially open door" as used above can be intended to mean the exact instant in which the door is opened, possibly with an appropriate delay time.
  • the microprocessor is preferably so set as to determine the beginning of a defrost phase upon it detecting, through the corresponding signal delivered by the probe 13, that the afore cited temperature Te of the evaporator 7 decreases at a rate which is faster than a pre-determined value S.
  • a rate corresponds to the slope of the curve representing the variations vs. time of the temperature Te. This can be performed, in a per sè known manner for those of ordinary skill in the art, by repeatedly comparing the values of the temperature Te at pre-set time intervals t, eg. every 5 minutes.
  • this mode of control is accurate and quick in its response, since it is not affected by the temperature rise that takes place in the compartment 4 when the door of the apparatus is opened. Furthermore, such a fast-rate decrease of the temperature Te indicates that, owing to a packing or heavily iced condition, the evaporator 7 is no longer in any acceptable heat-exchanging state with the compartment 4 to ensure an appropriate cooling down of the same compartment.
  • the microprocessor 18 is preferably so set as to determine the beginning of a defrost phase upon it detecting, through the corresponding signals delivered by the probes 13 and 12 that the difference between the temperature Te of the evaporator and the actual temperature Tc in the storage compartment 4 exceeds a pre-determined threshold value D, which may for instance be set at approx. 2-3°C.
  • this control mode is particularly accurate and effective when the door of the apparatus is closed, since it enables the actual heat-exchange process to be measured, which is taking place between the evaporator 7 and the storage compartment 4, whose temperature (as opposed to what happens in the first control mode) is not substantially affected by warm air entering the same compartment from the outside ambient.
  • the microprocessor 18 determines the beginning of the defrost phase by switching off the compressor 6 and the fan 9, while switching on the electric heating element 10.
  • each so started defrost phase can be determined in any of a variety of manners suiting the particular purpose, preferably upon the microprocessor 18 detecting, through the signal delivered by the probe 13, that the temperature Te of the evaporator has risen beyond a pre-established threshold value F, eg. approx. 20°C.
  • the probe 14 may be comprised of a usual microswitch or any other equivalent (optical, magnetic, etc.) monitoring device adapted to sense or detect the above cited open or closed conditions of the door 22.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Automatische Kühlvorrichtung, welche mindestens einen Kühlkreislauf umfasst, der mit mindestens einem Verdampfer (7) ausgestattet ist und von Steuerungsmitteln (17) angesteuert wird, um mindestens ein Aufbewahrungsfach (4), welches durch mindestens eine Tür (22) zugänglich ist, auf eine vorher eingestellte Dauerzustandstemperatur abzukühlen, wobei die besagten Steuerungsmittel durch zugehörige Signale von einer Anzahl von Sensormitteln angesteuert werden und ihrerseits so ausgelegt sind, dass sie die funktionellen Bestandteile der Vorrichtung dergestalt ansteuern, dass automatische Phasen zum Abtauen des Verdampfers ablaufen, wobei die besagten Sensormittel eine Überwachungsvorrichtung (14) umfassen, die so ausgelegt ist, dass sie den offenen oder geschlossenen Zustand der besagten Tür erkennen, wobei die besagten Steuerungsmittel (17) so ausgelegt sind, dass sie die funktionellen Bestandteile (6, 9, 10) als Reaktion auf die von den besagten Sensormitteln (12 - 16) aufgenommenen Signalen dergestalt ansteuern, dass sie auf selektive Weise den Beginn der besagten Abtauphasen des Verdampfers (7) gemäß einem ersten oder einem zweiten Betriebsmodus festlegen, wenn die besagte Überwachungsvorrichtung (14) einen im Wesentlichen offenen bzw. einen im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Zustand der Tür (22) des besagten Aufbewahrungsfachs (4) erkennt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten Sensormittel mindestens eine erste Sonde (13) umfassen, welche so ausgelegt ist, dass sie die Kontakttemperatur (Te) des Verdampfers (7) in seinem Kühlgas-Einströmbereich (19) bei besagtem, im Wesentlichen offenen Zustand der Tür (22) feststellt, wobei die Steuerungsmittel (17) so ausgelegt sind, dass sie den Beginn der besagten Abtauphasen festlegen, sobald sie durch das entsprechende, von der ersten Sonde (13) gelieferte Signal erkennen, dass die oben angeführte Temperatur (Te) des Verdampfers (7) mit einer schnelleren Änderungsgeschwindigkeit als ein vorher festgelegter Wert (S) absinkt.
  2. Automatische Kühlvorrichtung, welche mindestens einen Kühlkreislauf umfasst, der mit mindestens einem Verdampfer (7) ausgestattet ist und von Steuerungsmitteln (17) angesteuert wird, um mindestens ein Aufbewahrungsfach (4), welches durch mindestens eine Tür (22) zugänglich ist, auf eine vorher eingestellte Dauerzustandstemperatur abzukühlen, wobei die besagten Steuerungsmittel durch zugehörige Signale von einer Anzahl von Sensormitteln angesteuert werden und ihrerseits so ausgelegt sind, dass sie die funktionellen Bestandteile der Vorrichtung dergestalt ansteuern, dass automatische Phasen zum Abtauen des Verdampfers ablaufen, wobei die besagten Sensormittel eine Überwachungsvorrichtung (14) umfassen, die so ausgelegt ist, dass sie den offenen oder geschlossenen Zustand der besagten Tür erkennen, wobei die besagten Steuerungsmittel (17) so ausgelegt sind, dass sie die funktionellen Bestandteile (6, 9, 10) als Reaktion auf die von den besagten Sensormitteln (12 - 16) aufgenommenen Signalen dergestalt ansteuern, dass sie auf selektive Weise den Beginn der besagten Abtauphasen des Verdampfers (7) gemäß einem ersten oder einem zweiten Betriebsmodus festlegen, wenn die besagte Überwachungsvorrichtung (14) einen im Wesentlichen offenen bzw. einen im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Zustand der Tür (22) des besagten Aufbewahrungsfachs (4) erkennt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten Sensormittel mindestens eine erste Sonde (13) umfassen, welche so ausgelegt ist, dass sie die Kontakttemperatur (Te) des Verdampfers (7) in seinem Kühlgas-Einströmbereich (19) erkennt, sowie mindestens eine zweite Sonde (12), die so ausgelegt ist, dass sie die Temperatur (Tc) in dem besagten Aufbewahrungsfach (4) im besagten geschlossenen Zustand der Tür (22) erkennt, wobei die Steuerungsmittel (17) so ausgelegt sind, dass sie den Beginn der besagten Abtauphasen festlegen, sobald sie über die entsprechenden Signale, die von der ersten und der zweiten Sonde (13, 12) geliefert werden, feststellen, dass die Differenz zwischen der besagten Temperatur (Te) des Verdampfers (7) und der besagten Temperatur (Tc) im Aufbewahrungsfach (4) einen vorher eingestellten Schwellwert (D) übersteigt.
  3. Automatische Kühlvorrichtung gemäß einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten Steuerungsmittel (17) so ausgelegt sind, dass sie die funktionellen Bestandteile (6, 9, 10) dergestalt ansteuern, dass die besagten Abtauphasen des Verdampfers (7) gemäß dem besagten ersten Betriebsmodus, wenn nämlich die Tür (22) im Wesentlichen geöffnet ist, über eine gewisse Zeitspanne, nachdem die Tür wieder geschlossen worden ist, gesteuert werden, wobei nach dieser zusätzliche Zeitspanne die Steuerungsmittel (17) dann so angepasst werden, dass sie die besagten Abtauphasen gemäß dem besagten zweiten Betriebsmodus steuern.
  4. Automatische Kühlvorrichtung, welche mindestens einen Kühlkreislauf umfasst, der mit mindestens einem Verdampfer (7) ausgestattet ist und von Steuerungsmitteln (17) angesteuert wird, um mindestens ein Aufbewahrungsfach (4), welches durch mindestens eine Tür (22) zugänglich ist, auf eine vorher eingestellte Dauerzustandstemperatur abzukühlen, wobei die besagten Steuerungsmittel durch zugehörige Signale von einer Anzahl von Sensormitteln angesteuert werden und ihrerseits so ausgelegt sind, dass sie die funktionellen Bestandteile der Vorrichtung dergestalt ansteuern, dass automatische Phasen zum Abtauen des Verdampfers ablaufen, wobei die besagten Sensormittel eine Überwachungsvorrichtung (14) umfassen, die so ausgelegt ist, dass sie den offenen oder geschlossenen Zustand der besagten Tür erkennen, wobei die besagten Steuerungsmittel (17) so ausgelegt sind, dass sie die funktionellen Bestandteile (6, 9, 10) als Reaktion auf die von den besagten Sensormitteln (12 - 16) aufgenommenen Signalen dergestalt ansteuern, dass sie auf selektive Weise den Beginn der besagten Abtauphasen des Verdampfers (7) gemäß einem ersten oder einem zweiten Betriebsmodus festlegen, wenn die besagte Überwachungsvorrichtung (14) einen im Wesentlichen offenen bzw. einen im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Zustand der Tür (22) des besagten Aufbewahrungsfachs (4) erkennt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten Sensormittel mindestens eine erste Sonde (13) umfassen, welche so ausgelegt ist, dass sie die Kontakttemperatur (Te) des Verdampfers (7) an seinem Kühlgas-Einströmbereich (19) feststellen, wobei die Steuerungsmittel (17) so ausgelegt sind, dass sie das Ende der besagten Abtauphasen festlegen, sobald sie über das entsprechende Signal, das von der besagten ersten Sonde (13) geliefert wird, feststellen, dass die oben angegebene Temperatur (Te) des Verdampfers (7) einen vorher festgelegten Schwellwert (F) überschreitet.
EP00112357A 1999-07-20 2000-06-09 Automatisches Kältegerät mit Abtausteuerung Expired - Lifetime EP1070925B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1999PN000062A IT1311702B1 (it) 1999-07-20 1999-07-20 Apparecchio refrigerante automatico con controllo dellosbrinamento perfezionato
ITPN990062 1999-07-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1070925A1 EP1070925A1 (de) 2001-01-24
EP1070925B1 true EP1070925B1 (de) 2004-09-01

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EP00112357A Expired - Lifetime EP1070925B1 (de) 1999-07-20 2000-06-09 Automatisches Kältegerät mit Abtausteuerung

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EP (1) EP1070925B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60013374T2 (de)
IT (1) IT1311702B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015218966A (ja) * 2014-05-19 2015-12-07 ホシザキ電機株式会社 冷却装置

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4327556A (en) * 1980-05-08 1982-05-04 General Electric Company Fail-safe electronically controlled defrost system
US4297852A (en) * 1980-07-17 1981-11-03 General Electric Company Refrigerator defrost control with control of time interval between defrost cycles
US4528821A (en) * 1982-07-28 1985-07-16 Whirlpool Corporation Adaptive demand defrost control for a refrigerator
KR0129519B1 (ko) * 1991-01-26 1998-04-08 강진구 냉장고의 제상제어방법
CA2160338C (en) * 1994-10-13 2003-09-23 Kenneth W. Oden Electronic refrigeration control system
JPH09159328A (ja) 1995-12-06 1997-06-20 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 空気調和機の除霜制御装置
US5692385A (en) 1996-01-26 1997-12-02 General Electric Company System and method initiating defrost in response to speed or torque of evaporator motor
US5809789A (en) * 1997-05-07 1998-09-22 Baker; Philip L. Refrigeration module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60013374D1 (de) 2004-10-07
ITPN990062A1 (it) 2001-01-20
IT1311702B1 (it) 2002-03-19
DE60013374T2 (de) 2005-02-24
ITPN990062A0 (it) 1999-07-20
EP1070925A1 (de) 2001-01-24

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