EP1082877B1 - Element chauffant plat et souple - Google Patents

Element chauffant plat et souple Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1082877B1
EP1082877B1 EP99927757A EP99927757A EP1082877B1 EP 1082877 B1 EP1082877 B1 EP 1082877B1 EP 99927757 A EP99927757 A EP 99927757A EP 99927757 A EP99927757 A EP 99927757A EP 1082877 B1 EP1082877 B1 EP 1082877B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
resistance
conductive sheet
electric conductive
type heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99927757A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1082877A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Oppitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Latec AG
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Latec AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Latec AG filed Critical Latec AG
Publication of EP1082877A1 publication Critical patent/EP1082877A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1082877B1 publication Critical patent/EP1082877B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/007—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple electrically connected resistive elements or resistive zones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H05B2203/015—Heater wherein the heating element is interwoven with the textile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flexible surface heating element, in particular for use as a heating pad or heating bandage.
  • Heating elements which come into contact with the human body have special requirements.
  • the mecanicnfiletti that are to be designed to heat the body on the one hand must have sufficient flexibility to adapt to the body shape can.
  • electrical short circuits and local temperature increases which can lead to the fire of the surface heating element, must be excluded.
  • electric heaters which are used in vehicles for heating containers for food or drinks.
  • the electric heaters are flexible and have as an electrically conductive material, preferably aluminum sheet.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • the invention has for its object to provide a surface heating element that can be used in direct contact with the human body, in which sufficient heat can be generated while flexibility is given and the risk of overheating of the surface element is excluded.
  • the invention is based on the finding that this object can be achieved by a surface heating element, in which a resistance heating element, which can be operated with low voltages, is used and is in the closest possible contact with the body to be heated.
  • a flexibleinstitunheizelement comprising a sheet-like resistance heating element, which is acted upon by electrodes with electricity and the resistance mass comprises an electrically conductive polymer having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance wherein the resistance mass is a grid, wherein the threads of the grid a plastic from the electrically conductive polymer are formed or the threads of the grid made of a different material and are coated with this plastic, as well as one on one side of the resistance-heating element arranged insulating layer and arranged directly on the opposite side of the resistance heating element, emitted by the resistance heating element heat radiation transmitting layer. Due to the construction of the surface heating element according to the invention, optimum heat generation and optimal heat transfer to the body can be achieved. Furthermore, heat losses are excluded and the heating energy is used ideally.
  • the area formed by the resistance mass is also referred to below as the resistance layer.
  • the resistance mass of the resistance heating element which comprises an electrically conductive polymer having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance
  • a self-regulating effect with respect to the maximum achievable temperature is achieved. This eliminates any security risk for the user and achieves physiologically harmless heat application and adaptation.
  • the resistance heating element with electrically conductive polymer with a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance serves as a "black body".
  • This body can emit rays of all wavelengths. With decreasing temperature, the wavelength of the radiated radiation shifts more and more to the infrared.
  • This infrared radiation which preferably has a uniform wavelength, can penetrate deeper into the body with respect to the visible light, and the feeling of the same feeling of warmth already exists at low temperatures on the heating element as at higher temperatures of the other radiation areas.
  • the deeper penetration of the infrared radiation as well as the stronger resonance phenomenon of the biochemical macromolecules caused by the large wavelength is the cause for the physiological Effects, whereby, for example, even with a large heat sensation no skin redness occurs even with long use of committeenattyides.
  • the normally occurring build-up of heat on the skin therefore does not apply to the surface heating element of the type according to the invention.
  • heat loss is minimized by radiation in the body facing away from the direction.
  • the temperature difference between the environment and the resistance heating element is greater than that between the human body and the resistance heating element.
  • a heat dissipation would therefore preferably take place in the direction away from the body without the insulating layer. In the structure of the surface heating element according to the invention, however, this radiation can be prevented.
  • a heat radiation transmitting layer is arranged directly. This layer is preferably chosen to be very thin and may for example consist of a breathable textile.
  • the surface heating element Since in the surface heating element according to the invention an insulating layer is provided only on one side and the heat is thus emitted only in one direction, compared to a heating element having an insulating layer on both sides, only half the heating power is required to the same temperatures to the body to be able to deliver.
  • the heating element can thus be operated at lower voltages.
  • the heating element is operated with extra-low voltages up to 48 V, preferably with DC voltage from accumulators or power supply units from 12 to 24 V. This will avoid any electrosmog. Because of these low voltages, the resistance heating element of the surface heating element can be brought into the immediate vicinity of the body to be heated, without presenting a safety risk. This can ensure that the radiated from the resistance heating Infrared radiations ideally enter the body and heat it in depth.
  • a resistive heating element comprising the resistive mass described above may be operated with supply voltages so low that the resistive heating element can be applied without concern to the human body, separated only by the transmissive layer.
  • the resistance heating element comprises at least two electrodes which extend in the longitudinal direction of the surface heating element through the surface of the resistance mass, wherein the current applied to the electrodes flows through the resistance mass perpendicular to the thickness of the resistance mass.
  • the surface of the resistance mass is represented by a flexible layer comprising a support material coated with the electrically conductive polymer or soaked, whereby a continuous layer is formed.
  • the support material may be a nonwoven, a dense fabric or a fiber mat.
  • This support material is preferably made of polyamide, eg nylon or polyester, or polypropylene.
  • the heating element on the one hand given a certain rigidity, which prevents buckling of the heating element.
  • an area of electrically conductive polymer is formed.
  • This surface has a relatively flat surface, which has only small depressions through the material structure. Sites where there is no electrically conductive polymer on the surface do not know the layer.
  • the support fabric can be breathable through pores and let fluid through.
  • the pores are only coated on the inner walls with electrically conductive polymer, but not completely filled.
  • Such a continuous resistance layer can be made by dipping the backing fabric in the electrically conductive polymer or by spraying techniques. In the latter method, only the side facing the transmitting layer can be coated with the electrically conductive polymer, whereby the support material serves as additional insulation.
  • the resistance mass of the resistance heating element is a grid
  • this has the advantage that it comes to a uniform deformation of the resistance heating over the entire surface and thus in the deformed state to a uniform heat dissipation at a load of the surface heating element, since the nodes in a network or the defined crossing points of the grid allow no relative change in the distance between the individual threads of the solicitnfilianos.
  • This stress resistance of the surface heating element according to the invention is of particular importance for the present invention, since, when the surface heating element is applied, it is e.g. around the hip comes to an uneven load of the surface heating element.
  • the use of a grid as a resistance mass for the resistance heating element has the further advantage that the openings of the grid allow vapor diffusion and thus a good respiratory characteristics of the skin even when laying on the heating bandage.
  • a uniform current and thus temperature distribution can be achieved by a suitable choice of the threads.
  • a plurality of electrodes are provided in the surface heating element, which extend parallel to one another through the resistance mass in the direction of the width of the surface heating element and are optionally supplied with current.
  • a zonal heating of the surface heating element can be achieved with selective application of individual pairs of electrodes.
  • the non-contacted electrode serves as a conductor and provides for uniform distribution of the current across the width of the heating element.
  • the surface heating element may additionally comprise a reflection layer, which is arranged on the side facing away from the resistance heating element of the insulating layer.
  • the surface heating element according to the invention is preferably used as a heating pad or heatable dressing.
  • the surface heating element according to the invention is particularly suitable because of the low voltage that must be applied to the resistance heating element, and thereby allowing proximity of the resistance heating element to the human body to be heated.
  • FIG. 1 shows a resistance heating element 1.
  • This resistance heating element 1 comprises a lattice-like resistance mass 2. Furthermore, longitudinally extending electrodes 3 and 4 are shown, which extend through the grid. If the electrodes 3 and 4 are connected to a current source, then the heating current flows through the filaments of the resistance mass and heats them.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through an embodiment of the surface heating element according to the invention.
  • the resistance heating element 1 which comprises a lattice-like resistance mass 2, is covered on one side only with a heat radiation transmitting material 5.
  • an insulating layer 6 is arranged in the form of a foam layer, which additionally has a reflection layer 7 on its outer side.
  • the heat emitted by the resistance heating element is preferably emitted in the direction of the transmitting layer 5 due to the insulating layer 6.
  • the heat radiation emitted in spite of the insulating layer in the direction thereof is reflected at the reflection layer 7 and thus likewise directed in the direction of the transmitting layer 5.
  • FIG. 3 shows a heatable dressing in which the surface heating element is used.
  • the electrodes 3, 4 and 8 of the resistance heating element extend in the illustrated embodiment in the longitudinal direction of the surface heating element.
  • the resistance mass 2 has a grid-like structure.
  • the power supply to the electrodes 3, 4 and 8 is made by a power line emerging at one end of the heatable dressing.
  • FIG. 4 shows the course of the energy absorption as a function of time and the course of the temperature in comparison to the power consumption of the surface heating element according to the invention.
  • the characteristic curve 39 shows, the heat absorption of the surface heating element decreases with increasing duration by the rise of the temperature and the resulting increase in the resistance in the electrically conductive polymer. This results in a self-stabilization of the surface heating element at an adjustable by the electrically conductive polymer temperature limit.
  • the temperature profile at the surface heating element with ideal thermal insulation can be seen from the line 40 marked in full lines.
  • the characteristic 40 shows the temperature profile of the surface heating element with heat release, e.g. when used as a heating pad or as a bandage. Temperature stabilization is achieved at approx. 50 ° C.
  • the electrically conductive polymer can also be chosen such that it has a nonlinear temperature coefficient of electrical resistance, wherein the bend 42 in the characteristic curve 41 indicates the sweeping increase of the resistance after reaching this limit temperature. This causes a sudden increase in the resistance in the electrically conductive polymer and a decrease in power consumption, so that after a relatively short heating time rapid temperature stabilization takes place in the surface heating element.
  • This characteristic also represents the temperature profile when the heat is emitted by the surface heating element.
  • the characteristic curve is preferably at the body temperature of the person.
  • the filaments of the grid are made entirely of the electrically conductive polymer, a uniform passage of current over the entire surface of the resistance mass can be achieved by suitable choice of the diameters of the filaments of the grid.
  • the diameter of the threads of the grid, the parallel to the electrodes this is smaller than the diameter of the threads which are perpendicular to these.
  • the uniform passage of current through the resistance mass can also be achieved by a suitable choice of the material of the threads.
  • the material for the threads, which extend perpendicular to the electrodes chosen so that it has a higher conductance than that of the parallel to these extending threads.
  • a difference in conductivity between the parallel and perpendicular to the electrodes extending threads of 15-25%, preferably 20% sufficient to control the flow of current through the threads and ideally distributed over the entire surface, whereby it heats evenly becomes.
  • Electrodes can be used, for example Lahnb or made of copper, which may be incorporated into the resistance layer or mounted thereon.
  • this can be metallized in the region of the electrodes with a sprayed-on layer of metal.
  • the surface heating element comprises two electrodes which extend longitudinally, and between the electrodes a supporting fabric is provided, which is provided only in partial areas with the electrically conductive polymer.
  • a supporting fabric is provided, which is provided only in partial areas with the electrically conductive polymer.
  • the polymer is applied to the backing fabric so that it extends over the entire width of the tissue from one electrode to another, thereby allowing a current flow.
  • targeted areas can be heated without the need for a separate power supply to the individual areas.
  • the Lahn tapes serving as electrodes are supplied with current and the resistance mass heats up, while the areas which have only the support fabric remain at ambient temperature.
  • the power consumption is low and conventional power sources, such as batteries or rechargeable batteries can be used.
  • conventional power sources such as batteries or rechargeable batteries
  • Such an embodiment of the flexible surface heating element according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in the clothing industry.
  • the surface heating element for example, the fingertips can be heated in gloves.
  • the heating element is stirred from the wrist respectively over the fingertip then between the fingers along the next fingertip and finally back to the wrist.
  • the areas in which the tissue is coated with the electrically conductive polymer are at the fingertips. Due to the construction according to the invention only a single heating element and thus only a power source is necessary to heat all fingertips of the glove. Due to the low power requirements with which the heating element can work through the targeted heating, also the power source can be small and the comfort is not affected.
  • the surface heating element according to the invention may have small thicknesses of 0.5 to 2 cm, wherein the resistance heating element may have thicknesses of 0.1 to 5 mm.
  • the electrically conductive polymer used according to the invention is produced by doping a polymer.
  • the doping may be a metal or semimetal doping.
  • the Sturgeon is chemically bound to the polymer chain and creates an impurity.
  • the doping atoms and the matrix molecule form a so-called charge-transfer complex.
  • electrons are transferred from filled bands of the polymer to the dopant.
  • the resulting electron holes give the polymer semiconductor-like electrical properties.
  • a metal or semimetal atom is incorporated into or attached to the polymer structure so as to generate free charges which allow the flow of current along the polymer structure.
  • the free charges are in the form of free electrons or holes. It thus creates an electron conductor.
  • the polymer has been doped with a doping material in an amount such that the ratio of atoms of the dopant to the number of polymer molecules is at least 1: 1, preferably between 2: 1 and 10: 1. By this ratio it is achieved that substantially all polymer molecules are doped with at least one atom of the doping material. By selecting the ratio, the conductance of the polymers and thereby the resistance layer, as well as the temperature coefficient of the resistance of the resistive layer can be adjusted.
  • the resistance layer may additionally comprise graphite particles. These particles can contribute to the conductivity of the entire resistive layer and preferably do not touch and in particular do not form lattice or skeletal structures.
  • the graphite particles are not firmly integrated into the polymer structure, but instead are freely movable. If a graphite particle is in contact with two polymer molecules, the current can jump from one chain through the graphite to the next chain. The conductivity of the resistance layer can thus be increased even further. At the same time, due to their free mobility in the resistance layer, the graphite particles can reach the electrodes and cause an improvement in the contact there.
  • the graphite particles are preferably present in an amount of at most 20% by volume, more preferably at most 5% by volume, based on the total volume of the resistance layer, and have a mean diameter of not more than 0.1 ⁇ m. Due to this small amount of graphite and the small diameter, the formation of a graphite lattice that would lead to a conduction of the current through these lattices can be avoided. It is thus ensured that the flow of current continues to take place essentially via the polymer molecules by electron lines and thus the advantages mentioned above can be achieved. In particular, the line does not have to be via a graphite lattice or skeleton where the graphite particles must touch and which is easily destroyed by mechanical and thermal stress, but along the stretchable and age-resistant polymer.
  • electrically conductive polymers it is possible to use both electrically conductive polymers, such as polystyrene, polyvinyl resins, polyacrylic acid derivatives and copolymers thereof, as well as electrically conductive polyamides and their derivatives, polyfluorohydrocarbons, epoxy resins and polyurethanes.
  • electrically conductive polymers such as polystyrene, polyvinyl resins, polyacrylic acid derivatives and copolymers thereof, as well as electrically conductive polyamides and their derivatives, polyfluorohydrocarbons, epoxy resins and polyurethanes.
  • polyamides polymethyl methacrylates, epoxides, polyurethanes and also polystyrene or mixtures thereof.
  • polyamides additionally have good adhesive properties, which are necessary for the production of the surface heating elements according to the invention are advantageous, since this facilitates the attachment to the electrodes.
  • the length of the polymer molecules used varies widely depending on the type and structure of the polymer, but is preferably at least 500, more preferably at least 4000 ⁇ .
  • polymers which are conductive by metal or semimetal atoms attached to the polymers can be used as the electrically conductive polymer.
  • These polymers preferably have a volume resistivity in the range of values achieved by semiconductors. It can be up to 10 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm, preferably it is higher, but at most 10 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
  • Such polymers can be obtained by a process in which polymer dispersions, polymer solutions or polymers are added with metal or semimetal compounds or their solution in an amount such that a polymer molecule has approximately a metal or semimetal atom. This mixture is added a reducing agent in slight excess or formed by known thermal decomposition of metal or semimetal atoms. Subsequently, the formed or remaining ions are washed out and the dispersion solution or the granules can optionally be treated with graphite or carbon black.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Elément chauffant plat et souple comprenant :
    - une résistance chauffante plate (1) qui est alimentée en courant électrique par des électrodes (3, 4) et dont la masse de résistance (2) comprend un polymère électroconducteur avec un coefficient de température positif de la résistance électrique, la masse de résistance (2) représentant une grille, les fils de la grille étant constitués d'une matière synthétique à partir du polymère électroconducteur ou les fils étant constitués d'une autre matière et étant enduits avec cette matière synthétique,
    - une couche isolante (6) disposée d'un côté de la résistance chauffante (1) et
    - une couche (5) disposée du côté opposé à la résistance chauffante (1) et transmettant le rayonnement thermique émis par la résistance chauffante (1).
  2. Elément chauffant plat selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la résistance chauffante (1) comprend au moins deux électrodes (3, 4) qui s'étendent dans le sens longitudinal de l'élément chauffant plat à travers la surface de la masse de résistance (2), le courant appliqué aux électrodes (3, 4) parcourant la masse de résistance (2) perpendiculairement à l'épaisseur de la masse de résistance (2).
  3. Elément chauffant plat selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la surface de la masse de résistance (2) est représentée par une couche souple qui comprend un matériau de support qui est enduit ou imprégné avec le polymère électroconducteur, de sorte qu'une couche continue est formée.
  4. Elément chauffant plat selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le matériau de support est un non tissé, un tissu fermé ou une natte de fibres.
  5. Elément chauffant plat selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu plusieurs électrodes (3, 4) qui s'étendent parallèlement les unes aux autres à travers la masse de résistance (2) dans le sens de la largeur de l'élément chauffant plat et qui peuvent être alimentées, au choix, en courant électrique.
  6. Elément chauffant plat selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'une couche réflectrice (7) est disposée du côté du revêtement isolant (6) opposé à la résistance chauffante (1).
  7. Utilisation d'un élément chauffant plat selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes comme coussin chauffant.
  8. Utilisation d'un élément chauffant plat selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes comme bandage chauffant.
EP99927757A 1998-05-26 1999-05-26 Element chauffant plat et souple Expired - Lifetime EP1082877B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823495 1998-05-26
DE19823495A DE19823495B4 (de) 1998-05-26 1998-05-26 Flexibles Flächenheizelement
PCT/EP1999/003614 WO1999062299A1 (fr) 1998-05-26 1999-05-26 Element chauffant plat et souple

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1082877A1 EP1082877A1 (fr) 2001-03-14
EP1082877B1 true EP1082877B1 (fr) 2006-02-15

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99927757A Expired - Lifetime EP1082877B1 (fr) 1998-05-26 1999-05-26 Element chauffant plat et souple

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1082877B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE318064T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19823495B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK1082877T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999062299A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022189032A1 (fr) * 2021-03-12 2022-09-15 KOB GmbH Bandage chauffant

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AU2489901A (en) 2000-03-08 2001-09-13 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Radiant warmer
DE102007017349A1 (de) * 2007-04-12 2008-10-16 Manfred Klaas Heizfolie
DE102009013874B4 (de) * 2009-03-17 2015-06-03 Siegfried Langhein Heizgewebe
DE202011102538U1 (de) 2011-05-06 2011-11-10 Itp Gmbh Flächiger, zweidimensionaler Verbund aus einem textilen Flächengebilde und einer Kunststoff-, insbesondere PVC-Beschichtung
JP5436491B2 (ja) * 2011-05-20 2014-03-05 北陸エステアール協同組合 面状発熱体
CN105578628A (zh) * 2016-02-26 2016-05-11 江阴科强工业胶带有限公司 自发热硅胶板
DE102023002434A1 (de) 2023-06-16 2023-07-27 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Strahlungsheizung und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb

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US3673121A (en) * 1970-01-27 1972-06-27 Texas Instruments Inc Process for making conductive polymers and resulting compositions
WO1996036057A1 (fr) * 1995-05-10 1996-11-14 Littelfuse, Inc. Dispositif de protection pourvu d'un circuit a coefficient de temperature positif et procede de fabrication correspondant

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022189032A1 (fr) * 2021-03-12 2022-09-15 KOB GmbH Bandage chauffant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE318064T1 (de) 2006-03-15
EP1082877A1 (fr) 2001-03-14
DE59913129D1 (de) 2006-04-20
DK1082877T3 (da) 2006-06-19
WO1999062299A1 (fr) 1999-12-02
DE19823495B4 (de) 2006-06-22
DE19823495A1 (de) 1999-12-09

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