EP1102894B1 - Utilisation d'amidons modifies en tant qu'agents de retention dans la fabrication de papier - Google Patents
Utilisation d'amidons modifies en tant qu'agents de retention dans la fabrication de papier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1102894B1 EP1102894B1 EP99938266A EP99938266A EP1102894B1 EP 1102894 B1 EP1102894 B1 EP 1102894B1 EP 99938266 A EP99938266 A EP 99938266A EP 99938266 A EP99938266 A EP 99938266A EP 1102894 B1 EP1102894 B1 EP 1102894B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- use according
- moieties
- methacrylamide
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004985 dialkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical group NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006320 anionic starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical class NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KHQXOTRXULHTQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylaminomethyl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=C)C(N)=O KHQXOTRXULHTQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WZISPVCKWGNITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(diethylamino)-2-methylidenebutanamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCC(=C)C(N)=O WZISPVCKWGNITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZWAPMFBHEQZLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methylidenepentanamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCC(=C)C(N)=O ZWAPMFBHEQZLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- RCLLINSDAJVOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n',n'-dimethylprop-2-enehydrazide Chemical compound CCN(N(C)C)C(=O)C=C RCLLINSDAJVOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006528 (C2-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims 2
- DNLZVNZIAOXDTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CC(=C)C(N)=O DNLZVNZIAOXDTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HDWNKEWYEDOKIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(diethylamino)-2-methylidenepentanamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCCC(=C)C(N)=O HDWNKEWYEDOKIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZJONWNBHOBPMQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CNN(NC)C(=O)C(=C)CC(C)(C)C Chemical compound CNN(NC)C(=O)C(=C)CC(C)(C)C ZJONWNBHOBPMQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicotinamide Chemical group NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004712 monophosphates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 10
- -1 N-substituted carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N [(1r,2s,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical class C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O2 NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005087 leaf formation Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXVJQEGYAYABRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4,5-dihydroimidazole Chemical class C=CN1CCN=C1 HXVJQEGYAYABRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLWNXAQLFIHRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenepentanamide;trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)C.CCCC(=C)C(N)=O JLWNXAQLFIHRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PLNWWBDABZAGGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C)C=C(C(N)=O)CC(C)(C)C Chemical compound CN(C)C=C(C(N)=O)CC(C)(C)C PLNWWBDABZAGGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002085 Dialdehyde starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001612 Hydroxyethyl starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylolacrylamide Chemical compound OCNC(=O)C=C CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005112 continuous flow technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)OCC DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940008406 diethyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001341 hydroxy propyl starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940050526 hydroxyethylstarch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCO DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFOCCLOYMMHTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCCNC(=O)C=C GFOCCLOYMMHTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNLUGRYDUHRLOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyl-n-methylacetamide Chemical compound C=CN(C)C(C)=O PNLUGRYDUHRLOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC=C RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013808 oxidized starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical class [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940116317 potato starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/06—Paper forming aids
- D21H21/10—Retention agents or drainage improvers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/28—Starch
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of starch or starch derivatives with Modified polyelectrolytes based on dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides and was digested in the presence of inorganic additives, as Retention agent for pigments, mineral fillers and fibrous fines at Papermaking.
- Pigments and fillers are used as essential paper components in the Production of the pulp dispersion added and with the help of Retention aids bound in leaf formation.
- drainage and the strength of the paper are e.g. B. after the Information in the weekly paper for paper manufacturing 5 (1991), pp. 149 to 154, cationic mass starches as colloidal auxiliaries to a large extent used, with the use of cationic starch ethers according to Ullmann, 4. Aufl., 1979, Vol. 17, p. 581, in particular the retention of pigments and Fine substances is improved.
- high molecular weight polyelectrolytes are, for example, the copolymers of acrylamide and the esters of (meth) acrylic acid with di-C 1 -C 2 alkylamino-C 2 -C 6 alkyl alcohols or the copolymers of acrylamide and the amides of (meth) acrylic acid with di -C 1 -C 2 alkylamino-C 2 -C 6 alkylamines, each of which is present in protonated or quaternized form.
- Retention agents based on such ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated N-substituted carboxamides are described in EP-A-0 038 573. Furthermore, cationic polyacrylamides are also described in US-A-4753710 and WO-A-91/07543 as retention aids.
- WO-A-86/00100 a method for paper manufacture is known, in which for Improved retention added to the paper pulp colloidal binder be based on aluminum silicate modified on the surface Silicic acid and cationic or amphoteric carbohydrates, such as preferably Starch or amylo pectin are obtained.
- pp 785 to 790 are as Retention agents continue to be known microparticle systems in which the Pulp dispersion initially with cationic starch or cationic Polyacrylamides pretreated, flocked and dispersed: and then pretreated sheet formation by silica microparticle systems or by adding bentonite or aluminum salts are flocked again.
- the multi-stage procedure leads to improve retention values.
- EP-B-0 227 465 describes a process for the production of paper described, in which the fibrous material and separately the mineral filler with a synthetic polyelectrolyte always the same charge and then the treated filler with a polymeric polyelectrolyte with opposite charge is treated.
- US-A-5,126,014 is a multi-stage process for improving the Retention known, in which a pulp suspension before a possibly multi-stage shear treatment calcium carbonate as filler, cationic starch, a cationic coagulant and an anionic flocculant are added and after at least one shear treatment step bentonite or colloidal Silica is added
- EP-A-0 803 512 a method for producing cationic starch is known, according to which the starch is dry at temperatures from 60 to 200 ° C for the duration to be roasted with cationic polymers from 10 minutes to 5 hours then to be used as a paper strengthening agent.
- EP-B-0 282 761 WO-A-96/05373 and WO-A-96/13525 of starch with ionic, especially cationic polyelectrolytes.
- cationic polymers are used for this Diallyldimethylammonium chloride, N-vinylamine or N-vinylimidazoline with native or Already digested potato starch is heated, while according to WO-A-96/05373 cationic polymers with preferably anionic starch and after WO-A-96/13525 preferably hydrolyzed, cationic polymers of N-vinylformamide, Polyethyleneimines or polyalkylamines with all types of starch be implemented.
- These implementation products are just like strengths with Copolymers of (meth) acrylamide and dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylamide were modified, only as a dry strength agent for papermaking recommended.
- cationic starch which may have been siliconized, as a drainage aid and as a retention aid used in papermaking.
- the object of the present invention was therefore without additional Process steps, d. H. without the sub-steps mentioned above, in the known Paper production, preferably using waste paper, the retention of To improve pigments, fillers and fines without the mechanical Strength of the paper is adversely affected.
- modified starch by digesting starch, starch derivatives and / or their breakdown products in aqueous solution in the presence of at least one cationic polymer, built up from at least 20% by weight of polymerized di-alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid amide units, those in protonated, preferably quaternized Form are present, and with the addition of at least one particulate, to one inorganic mineral based additive before or during the Digestion has been obtained as a retention agent for pigments, inorganic fillers and fines in papermaking.
- at least one cationic polymer built up from at least 20% by weight of polymerized di-alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid amide units, those in protonated, preferably quaternized Form are present, and with the addition of at least one particulate, to one inorganic mineral based additive before or during the Digestion has been obtained as a retention agent for pigments, inorganic fillers and fines in papermaking.
- native starch such as potato starch, wheat starch, Cereal flour, corn starch, tapioca starch, sago starch and starch with increased Hydrolysis content, rice starch, pea starch and / or mixtures thereof
- Starch degradation products especially dextrins or oxidized starches, such as Dialdehyde starch, starch derivatives, such as chemically modified starches, in particular anionic starches, such as carboxy starch and starch degraded by persulfate, anionic starch esters, such as.
- anionic starch esters such as.
- anionic starch esters such as.
- anionic starch esters such as.
- anionic starch esters such as.
- B. starch phosphoric acid mono- or diester Starch acetates and starch citrates
- anionic starch ethers such as. B.
- Native starches such as potato starch, wheat starch, corn starch, Rice starch, pea starch and / or their mixtures and anionic starch and / or cationic N-containing starch ethers are used.
- Cationic polymers used are homo- or copolymers of dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid amides which contain at least 20% by weight of polymerized units of amides of (meth) acrylic acid and / or acrylic acid and preferably di-C 1 -C 2 -alkylamino-C 2 -C 6 alkylamines contain, each in protonated or quaternized form.
- Their production is specified, for example, in EP-A-0 013 416 or in EP-A-0 113 038, the corresponding disclosure of these publications being introduced as a reference.
- Such polymerized units are preferably derived from protonated or quaternized N-dialkyl-substituted (meth) acrylic acid amides, such as, for example Dimethylaminoethyl acrylamide or methacrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide or methacrylamide, diethylaminopropyl acrylamide or methacrylamide, Diethylaminoethyl acrylamide or methacrylamide, diethylaminomethyl acrylamide or methacrylamide and N ', N', dimethylamino-2,2-dimethylpropyl-acrylamide or methacrylamide or mixtures thereof with known quaternizing agents have been implemented.
- suitable quaternizing agents are: Dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, preferably dimethyl sulfate or methyl chloride in question.
- the polyelectrolytes can still further units of monounsaturated monomers, such as. B. diallyldimethylammonium chloride.
- Such copolymerized monomers can also be water-soluble, nonionic monomers, such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, NC 1 -C 2 alkylated (meth) acrylamides, N-vinylamide, vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone.
- Suitable water-soluble monomers are also N-methylolacrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide and with monohydric C 1 - to C 4 -alcohols partially or fully etherified N-methylol (meth) acryl-amides.
- the copolymers can be used to a limited extent, preferably up to 10 % By weight, sparingly soluble and / or water-insoluble in water, simply ethylenic contain unsaturated monomers, such as (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters and vinyl acetate, as far as the solubility of the copolymers is preserved in water.
- unsaturated monomers such as (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters and vinyl acetate
- the polymers to be used according to the invention preferably have a molecular weight MG (g / mol) in the range from 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 to 40 ⁇ 10 6 , particularly preferably in the range from 2.0 ⁇ 10 6 to 15 ⁇ 10 6 and very particularly preferably from 5 x 10 6 to 15 x 10 6 .
- the viscosity was determined using a 1% polymer solution in one 10% NaCl solution with a Brookfield RVT viscometer, spindle 1-3 / 10 Revolutions per minute at 20 ° C and resulted in> 10 mPas for use upcoming polymers.
- particulate additives based on inorganic minerals can also consist of clay, preferably swellable, silica, preferably silica sol and / or polysilicates modified with aluminum, Polyorthosilicic acid or modified with aluminum Polyorthosilicic acid, bentonite, titanium dioxide or talc in question. Preferably these substances are present as microparticles or microgels. Is particularly preferred Bentonite, talc, titanium dioxide or silica sol used.
- the starch component can be converted using the cationic homo- or Copolymers of preferably protonated or quaternized Dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid amides in aqueous dispersion discontinuously in a reaction vessel or in a continuous flow process, for example in the jet cooker under the influence of heat at temperatures of 70-130 ° C, preferably from 90 - 100 ° C, with the addition of the inorganic additive and if necessary, under pressure with the starch component digested.
- the Reaction conditions and the appropriate equipment conditions correspond the information in the weekly paper for paper 4, 1991, pp. 127-130, its disclosure is introduced as a reference.
- the aqueous dispersion of the modification used, not yet digested starch component preferably has a content of 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight and particularly preferably from 2.0 up to 10% by weight of the starch component.
- the aqueous solution for modification polyelectrolyte used has a content of 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight and particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.3% by weight cationic homo- or copolymers.
- the weight ratio of Starch component to cationic polyelectrolyte lies in the modification Range from 4: 1 to 25: 1, preferably in the range from 10: 1 to 25: 1 and especially preferably in the range from 14: 1 to 20: 1.
- the modified starch products together with the inorganic additives can, preferably in the form of an aqueous solution, as a retention agent in the Production of all types of paper and cardboard can be used.
- this Fiber material can consist of up to 100% by weight of ground wood and / or waste paper, and therefore a high proportion of mineral fillers, pigments and fibrous fines.
- the retention aid according to the invention becomes aqueous according to the invention Pulp dispersion in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt.% Solid, preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight and particularly preferably 1.0 to 3% by weight, based on the Dry matter or pulp, before the headbox of the paper machine, preferably added as an aqueous solution with stirring.
- the addition is made to the aqueous dispersion, which already contains calcium carbonate, kaolin, Aluminum silicate and oxide hydrates, satin white, talc, gypsum, barite, calcium silicate and lithopone, diatomaceous earth and synthetic, organic fillers from the Recycled material may or may have been added.
- the retention agent according to the invention is advantageously added to the Dispersion of material in the machine chest, before the vertical classifier and before or after Feed pump before sheet formation.
- the retention agent according to the invention based on modified starch and inorganic additives will have an excellent retention of the fillers reached and an impairment of the strength values despite the increase in Filler and thus the ash content of the paper surprisingly avoided.
- the total retention gives the relationship to the paper production amount of dry substance used to the remaining in the finished paper Amount of substance again. This is done by weighing the respective amounts of substance determinable.
- the ash retention gives the ratio of the ash content to the Paper production used (dry) amount of substance to the ash content of the finished paper again. This is determined by determining each Ash content determined.
- the retention of fines indicates the ratio of the fines content to the Paper production used (dry) amount of substance to the proportion of fines of the finished paper again.
- the coarse fraction corresponds to the amount of fiber that is on the filter.
- Fine fraction 100 - Coarse fraction in g 0.5 gx 0.01 (%)
- Comparative Example 1 or Examples 1 to 4 Ash retention% by weight Total retention% by weight Burst pressure kPa mod. Starch without added minerals 93.3 89.1 95 mod. Starch 9.7 bentonite 0.3 95.3 90.7 104 mod. Strength 9.5 bentonite 0.5 95.2 92.1 106 mod. Starch 9.0 bentonite 1.0 97.6 96.7 92 mod. Starch 9.0 talc 1.0 95.3 94.0 -
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Claims (16)
- Utilisation d'amidon modifié obtenu par digestion d'amidon, de dérivés d'amidon et/ou de leurs produits de décomposition en solution aqueuse en présence d'au moins un polymère cationique constitué d'au moins 20 % en poids d'unités d'amide d'acide dialkylaminoalkyl(méth)acrylique polymérisées, effectuée en ajoutant avant ou pendant la digestion au moins un additif à base d'une substance minérale sous forme de particules, en tant qu'agent de rétention pour les pigments, les charges minérales et les fines dans la fabrication du papier.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'en tant qu'unités d'amide d'acide dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylique, l'on utilise les unités protonées ou quaternisées du dialkyl(C1-C2)aminoalkyl(C2-C6)(méth)acrylamide.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les unités quaternisées de dialkyl(C1-C2)aminoalkyl(C2-C6)(méth)acrylamide sont des unités quaternisées de diméthylaminoéthyl-acrylamide ou -méthacrylamide, de diéthylaminopropyl-acrylamide ou -méthacrylamide, de diéthylaminoéthylacrylamide ou -méthacrylamide, de diéthylaminométhyl-acrylamide ou -méthacrylamide, de diméthylaminopropyl-acrylamide ou -méthacrylamide, de diméthylaminométhyl-acrylamide ou -méthacrylamide, de N,N-diméthylamino-2,2-diméthylpropyl-acrylamide ou -méthacrylamide ou de leurs mélanges.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les unités ont été transformées en composés quaternisés en utilisant du diméthylsulfate ou du chlorure de méthyle.
- Utilisation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications de 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que les unités quaternisées d'amide d'acide dialkylaminoalkylacrylique sont des unités de triméthylammonium-propylacrylamide-chlorure.
- Utilisation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications de 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que les polymères cationiques comportent d'autres unités polymérisées de monomères insaturés et solubles dans l'eau, de préférence d'amides α,β-insaturés, de N-vinyl-amides, de N-hydroxyalkylamides, qui sont éventuellement partiellement ou complètement éthérifiés, de N-vinylpyrrolidone et/ou de diallyldiméthylammonium chlorure.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que les unités d'amide sont dérivées d'acrylamide ou de méthacrylamide, de préférence d'acrylamide.
- Utilisation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications de 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que les polymères cationiques comportent jusqu'à 10 % en poids d'unités de monomères α,β-insaturés, peu solubles ou insolubles dans l'eau, de préférence d'alkylester d'acide (méth)acrylique ou de vinyle acétate.
- Utilisation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications de 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le polymère cationique a une masse molaire (g/mole) de 0,1 à 20 Millions.
- Utilisation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications de 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'en tant qu'amidon l'on utilise de l'amidon natif, de préférence de l'amidon de pommes de terre, de farine de céréales, de l'amidon de blé, de l'amidon de maïs, de l'amidon de riz, de l'amidon de petits pois, et/ou leurs mélanges, de l'amidon anionique, de préférence du mono- ou diester d'acide phosphorique d'amidon, de l'éther d'amidon anionique, de préférence du carboxyméthyl-amidon, ou des dérivés cationiques de l'amidon, de préférence de l'éther d'amidon contenant du N.
- Utilisation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications de 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que la digestion du composant d'amidon est réalisée en présence de microparticules ou de microgels d'au moins un additif à base d'une substance minérale, de préférence d'argile, de sol d'acide silicique, d'acide silicique éventuellement modifié avec de l'aluminium, de polysilicate ou d'acide polyorthosilicique éventuellement modifié avec de l'aluminium, de bentonite, de dioxyde de titane ou de talc.
- Utilisation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications de 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que l'additif minéral est utilisé en des quantités allant de 0,1 à 15 % en poids, de préférence de 3 à 15 % en poids rapporté au composant d'amidon modifié.
- Utilisation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications de 1 à12, caractérisée en ce que le rapport de poids du composant d'amidon à l'homo- ou au copolymère cationique est compris entre 4 : 1 et 25 : 1, de préférence de 10 :1 à 25 : 1 et plus particulièrement de 14 :1 à 20 :1 au cours de la modification.
- Utilisation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications de 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que la digestion du composant d'amidon s'effectue à des températures comprises entre 70 et 150° C, de préférence entre 90 et 100° C.
- Utilisation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications de 1 à 14, caractérisée en ce que l'agent de rétention est ajouté en une quantité comprise entre 0,1 et 10 % en poids, de préférence de 0,5 à 5 % en poids de substance solide rapporté à la masse de pâte à papier.
- Utilisation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications de 1 à 15, caractérisée en ce que l'on utilise des vieux papiers dans la fabrication du papier.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19832241A DE19832241A1 (de) | 1998-07-17 | 1998-07-17 | Verwendung von modifizierten Stärkeprodukten als Retentionsmittel bei der Papierherstellung |
| DE19832241 | 1998-07-17 | ||
| PCT/EP1999/005054 WO2000004229A1 (fr) | 1998-07-17 | 1999-07-15 | Utilisation d'amidons modifies en tant qu'agents de retention dans la fabrication de papier |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1102894A1 EP1102894A1 (fr) | 2001-05-30 |
| EP1102894B1 true EP1102894B1 (fr) | 2002-10-23 |
Family
ID=7874449
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99938266A Expired - Lifetime EP1102894B1 (fr) | 1998-07-17 | 1999-07-15 | Utilisation d'amidons modifies en tant qu'agents de retention dans la fabrication de papier |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1102894B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2002520510A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1309737A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE226663T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU5283599A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR9912832A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2336660A1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE19832241A1 (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO20010286L (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000004229A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1176254A1 (fr) | 2000-07-24 | 2002-01-30 | The Dow Chemical Company | Utilisation de dispersions d'amidon reticulé dans la fabrication du papier |
| DE10121418A1 (de) * | 2001-05-02 | 2003-01-23 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserformkörpern |
| JP4712322B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-30 | 2011-06-29 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 印刷適性向上剤およびこれを塗布した紙 |
| CN100572434C (zh) * | 2007-06-05 | 2009-12-23 | 内江市春江纸业有限公司 | 一种改性淀粉组合物的制备方法 |
| CN102852038A (zh) * | 2012-09-24 | 2013-01-02 | 济南晨光纸业有限公司 | 一种提高彩色羊皮纸鲜艳度并有效防止掉色的方法 |
| CN105964887A (zh) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-09-28 | 马鞍山市创诚铸造有限公司 | 一种以热塑性氧化淀粉改性动物胶作为粘接剂的高透气性型砂及其制备方法 |
| CN107217528B (zh) * | 2017-06-21 | 2018-06-29 | 合肥龙发包装有限公司 | 一种抗油脂食品包装纸 |
| CN115818655B (zh) * | 2022-11-01 | 2024-03-26 | 江西广源化工有限责任公司 | 一种片状滑石粉及其制备方法和在制备淋膜原纸中的应用 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4097427A (en) * | 1977-02-14 | 1978-06-27 | Nalco Chemical Company | Cationization of starch utilizing alkali metal hydroxide, cationic water-soluble polymer and oxidant for improved wet end strength |
| FR2396831A1 (fr) * | 1977-07-04 | 1979-02-02 | Scholten Honig Research Nv | Perfectionnement aux charges minerales utilisees dans la fabrication du papier et du carton |
| SE432951B (sv) * | 1980-05-28 | 1984-04-30 | Eka Ab | Pappersprodukt innehallande cellulosafibrer och ett bindemedelssystem som omfattar kolloidal kiselsyra och katjonisk sterkelse samt forfarande for framstellning av pappersprodukten |
| GB8602121D0 (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1986-03-05 | Allied Colloids Ltd | Paper & paper board |
| US5185206A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1993-02-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polysilicate microgels as retention/drainage aids in papermaking |
| SE8903752D0 (sv) * | 1989-11-09 | 1989-11-09 | Eka Nobel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av papper |
| GB9123683D0 (en) * | 1991-11-07 | 1992-01-02 | Sandoz Ltd | Improvements in or relating to organic compounds |
| DE4438708A1 (de) * | 1994-10-29 | 1996-05-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur kationischen Modifizierung von Stärke und Verwendung der kationisch modifizierten Stärke |
| JPH09291103A (ja) * | 1996-04-25 | 1997-11-11 | Sanwa Kosan Kk | 製紙用澱粉 |
| DE19701524A1 (de) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-07-23 | Basf Ag | Polymermodifizierte Stärke, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| DE19701523A1 (de) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-07-23 | Basf Ag | Polymermodifizierte anionische Stärke, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| US5859128A (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 1999-01-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Modified cationic starch composition for removing particles from aqueous dispersions |
-
1998
- 1998-07-17 DE DE19832241A patent/DE19832241A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-07-15 AU AU52835/99A patent/AU5283599A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-15 WO PCT/EP1999/005054 patent/WO2000004229A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1999-07-15 CN CN99808782A patent/CN1309737A/zh active Pending
- 1999-07-15 DE DE59903194T patent/DE59903194D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-15 JP JP2000560317A patent/JP2002520510A/ja active Pending
- 1999-07-15 EP EP99938266A patent/EP1102894B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-15 CA CA002336660A patent/CA2336660A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-15 BR BR9912832-2A patent/BR9912832A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-15 AT AT99938266T patent/ATE226663T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-01-17 NO NO20010286A patent/NO20010286L/no unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2336660A1 (fr) | 2000-01-27 |
| AU5283599A (en) | 2000-02-07 |
| ATE226663T1 (de) | 2002-11-15 |
| DE19832241A1 (de) | 2000-01-27 |
| DE59903194D1 (de) | 2002-11-28 |
| NO20010286D0 (no) | 2001-01-17 |
| BR9912832A (pt) | 2001-05-02 |
| WO2000004229A1 (fr) | 2000-01-27 |
| EP1102894A1 (fr) | 2001-05-30 |
| JP2002520510A (ja) | 2002-07-09 |
| NO20010286L (no) | 2001-01-17 |
| CN1309737A (zh) | 2001-08-22 |
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