EP1114280B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ermittlung der russbeladung eines verbrennungsraums - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ermittlung der russbeladung eines verbrennungsraums Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1114280B1
EP1114280B1 EP99955673A EP99955673A EP1114280B1 EP 1114280 B1 EP1114280 B1 EP 1114280B1 EP 99955673 A EP99955673 A EP 99955673A EP 99955673 A EP99955673 A EP 99955673A EP 1114280 B1 EP1114280 B1 EP 1114280B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
soot
formation rate
determined
combustion
charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99955673A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1114280A1 (de
Inventor
Felix Fastnacht
Thomas Merklein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1114280A1 publication Critical patent/EP1114280A1/de
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Publication of EP1114280B1 publication Critical patent/EP1114280B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23M11/04—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows
    • F23M11/045—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows by observing the flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/16—Measuring temperature burner temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/20—Camera viewing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a Device for determining the soot load in a combustion chamber in operation.
  • a known procedure consists of a selective one Extraction of exhaust gases with soot content using a suction probe. The extraction can either be in the combustion chamber or take place in a downstream exhaust system. Subsequently the extracted air volume is checked and thereby the soot load is determined. A complete record soot loading is not possible with this procedure, since only a selective suction takes place. Local fluctuations the soot load in the combustion chamber or in the exhaust system therefore lead to a distortion. In addition, the at the soot load resulting from the combustion only with a certain Delay time recorded. The intended firing regulation thus always works with a comparatively large one Dead time, which is up to a few for larger power plants Minutes.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method the at least one parameter characteristic of the combustion, which allows conclusions to be drawn about the soot load, measured by monitoring a flame of a combustion chamber and determines the soot loading based on the measurement is, as well as a device for performing the method provide a quick and easy investigation the soot loading of a combustion chamber while it is running Enable operation.
  • this object is achieved in a method of type mentioned solved in that the spatial distribution the temperature and / or the content of carbon monoxide measured as parameters characteristic of the combustion a soot formation rate by comparison with predetermined ones Conversion curves are determined and the soot load determined by means of an integration via the soot formation rate becomes.
  • Such conversion curves are for different fuels for example in the “VDI Heat Atlas” and in “Technical Combustion “, Warnatz, Springer Verlag, printed. Alternatively or additional can use these conversion curves Trials for different fuels or fuel compositions determined and stored in the form of a map become.
  • the spatial distribution of the temperature can be determined by a or detect several suitable sensors.
  • the measurement is accurate non-contact, requires no moving parts and takes place without delay.
  • Measuring the level of carbon monoxide takes place, for example, by detecting the radiation in the radiation range characteristic of carbon monoxide. This radiation area is e.g. through a Beam splitter isolated from the entire spectrum of the flame and then recorded; a suitable evaluation unit for the spatial distribution of carbon monoxide is e.g. a CCD camera.
  • the invention proposes the previously known direct methods to determine the soot loading by an indirect Procedure to replace. Extraction of soot-laden exhaust gases or a complex direct determination of the soot load in the flame can be avoided. It is rather through simple measurement a characteristic of the combustion Parameters recorded and then the soot loading based on this measurement and comparison with given conversion curves determined. Elaborate suction and analysis devices are not required. The determination continues the soot loading according to the invention without time delay, so that optimal firing control can be achieved.
  • an allowable for the measured values Area with a lower limit and / or upper limit be specified. If a measured value lies outside the specified one Range, this can be used when determining the soot load to be disregarded. For example, in the Measuring the temperature a lower limit of e.g. 800 ° C become. Areas where the temperature is below this Limit is then considered to be out of flame are considered and not taken into account when determining the soot load stay.
  • the measured spatial Distribution of temperature and / or carbon monoxide content the local soot formation rate is determined. This means, that the to one or more discrete locations within local education rate associated with the spatial measurement range from the discrete measured values associated with the discrete location the temperature and / or the carbon monoxide content is determined, the discrete associated with the discrete location Measured values of the temperature and / or the content of carbon monoxide taken from the spatial distribution of the measured values become. This improves the measurement accuracy.
  • the local soot formation rate according to physical is advantageous and / or chemical relationships. hereby can by specifying the fuel or the fuel mixture the local one without previous tests and experience Soot formation rate can be determined.
  • the determined soot formation rate over the measuring range is advantageous summed up. As a result, the amount of data to be processed reduced. At the same time there is a total value the soot formation rate, which is already used for control and regulation purposes can be used.
  • the determined Soot formation rate summed up over a predefinable period Fluctuations in the flame, particularly due to turbulence Combustion, can be reliably detected. simultaneously peak or minimum values are smoothed. By the A control of the flame can also add up respectively. If the flame goes out, the soot formation rate drops drastically over a longer period of time: brief flickering is added up over the predefinable period smoothed while extinguishing the flame to one leads to a permanent drop in the soot formation rate caused by the The inventive method is recognizable. It is next to it the determination of the soot load also a monitoring of Flame possible.
  • the predefinable period is an advantageous further development mutable.
  • this period can be dependent be changed from previous measurements.
  • Further can be the predefinable when starting off or in the event of load fluctuations Period selected differently than in constant continuous operation become.
  • the determined soot formation rate after the addition is advantageous averaged. This averaging allows a representation the soot formation rate based on the size of the measuring range, so that multiple flames or combustion chambers are different Size can be compared.
  • the determined Soot loading rate before or after adding up with a Calibration factor linked to determine the soot load enables the conclusion of the soot formation rate the soot load and is determined on a plant-specific basis.
  • the calibration factor can advantageously be changed, in particular in Dependence on the measured value supplied to the flame Combustion air and / or other parameters. This will an adaptation to different boundary conditions achieved.
  • Both the temperature and the carbon monoxide content are advantageous measured and linked together. This procedure enables determination of the soot load on the ground two different measured values and thus a control. At the same time, the accuracy is increased.
  • a device for carrying out the method has according to the invention at least one sensor for measuring the spatial Distribution of temperature and / or carbon monoxide content a data processing system for determining the soot formation rate and an integrator for determining the soot load from the soot formation rate.
  • the data processing system includes in particular suitable assemblies or modules for adding up and averaging the soot formation rate and for linking with the calibration factor.
  • At least one sensor is advantageously designed as a CCD camera. Allow such "charged-coupled-device” cameras a spatial resolution of the measuring range and thus the detection of at least one characteristic of the combustion Parameters in spatial distribution.
  • the determined soot formation rate can then be determined using a suitable control processed and sent to the burner Flame.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the process of inventive method.
  • a flame 10 in a combustion chamber 23 is monitored by a detection device I.
  • the detection device I measures the spatial distribution at least one characteristic of the combustion Parameters that allow conclusions about the soot loading. Either the temperature or the carbon monoxide content or temperature and carbon monoxide content recorded together. This is followed by a calculation or a Comparison II a determination of the local soot formation rate, which provides a soot formation field III.
  • the soot formation area III is summed up by an integration IV and if necessary averaged.
  • the soot loading of the combustion chamber determined that displayed through a suitable edition VI is printed out or saved.
  • the soot loading can be given to a regulation VII based on the flame 10 and thus acts on the combustion. hereby a firing control is achieved.
  • Process steps I to VI are shown in more detail in FIG. First, a temperature field 11 of the flame 10 detected. Based on the determination of the local soot load on the temperature field 11, a conversion curve 12 is used either determined by experiment or by physical and / or chemical relationships have been calculated. such Conversion curves 12 are also in the VDI heat atlas and printed in "Technical Combustion", Warnatz, Springer-Verlag.
  • the temperature field 11 and the conversion curve 12 are linked in a comparison module 13 and deliver Field 14 of the soot formation rate.
  • This field 14 of the soot formation rate is transmitted to an integrator 15, which has a spatial and / or time totaling. Possibly can also be averaged after the integration.
  • the total soot formation rate is calculated by the integration, which then with a calibration factor 16 from a Memory element C linked in a link module 17 becomes. This calculates the soot load, which is then is passed on to an output module 18.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a device for implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • the flame 10 in the combustion chamber 23 is fed by a burner 21.
  • to Monitoring is provided by one or more sensors 22, which are at least a parameter characteristic of the combustion measure up.
  • This can be a CCD camera.
  • Advantageous the spatial distribution of is measured Temperature and / or carbon monoxide content.
  • the measured value is on the comparison module 13 passed on, in which the field 14 of the Soot formation rate is determined.
  • the comparison module 13 transmits the field 14 of the soot formation rate to the integrator 15, in which the summation and possibly averaging takes place.
  • the Calibration factor 16 determines the soot load. This soot load is delivered to the output module 18.
  • the output module 18 transmits the soot load to a printer or memory 20.
  • a printer or memory 20 there is a feedback to the Burner 21 of the flame 10 with direct, immediate monitoring of the flame 10 and therefore achieved very short dead times.
  • the comparison module 13, the integrator 15, the link module 17 and the Output module 18 are combined in a data processing system 19.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
EP99955673A 1998-09-11 1999-09-08 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ermittlung der russbeladung eines verbrennungsraums Expired - Lifetime EP1114280B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19841877A DE19841877A1 (de) 1998-09-11 1998-09-11 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Rußbeladung eines Verbrennungsraums
DE19841877 1998-09-11
PCT/DE1999/002839 WO2000016010A1 (de) 1998-09-11 1999-09-08 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ermittlung der russbeladung eines verbrennungsraums

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1114280A1 EP1114280A1 (de) 2001-07-11
EP1114280B1 true EP1114280B1 (de) 2003-12-17

Family

ID=7880809

Family Applications (1)

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EP99955673A Expired - Lifetime EP1114280B1 (de) 1998-09-11 1999-09-08 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ermittlung der russbeladung eines verbrennungsraums

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6551094B2 (da)
EP (1) EP1114280B1 (da)
JP (1) JP4365036B2 (da)
AT (1) ATE256843T1 (da)
DE (2) DE19841877A1 (da)
DK (1) DK1114280T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2213396T3 (da)
WO (1) WO2000016010A1 (da)

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DE10243307B4 (de) * 2002-09-13 2006-06-08 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur kontrollierten Erzeugung von Nano-Rußpartikeln
ES2546457T3 (es) * 2005-08-17 2015-09-23 Nuvo Ventures, Llc Método y sistema para supervisar la capacidad operativa de una planta
DE102006044114A1 (de) * 2006-09-20 2008-03-27 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Verfahren zur Charakterisierung der Abgasausbrandqualität in Verbrennungsanlagen
DE102006060869A1 (de) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung des Betriebes eines Drehofenbrenners
US8070482B2 (en) * 2007-06-14 2011-12-06 Universidad de Concepción Combustion control system of detection and analysis of gas or fuel oil flames using optical devices
US8018590B2 (en) * 2008-10-23 2011-09-13 General Electric Company Three-dimensional optical sensor and system for combustion sensing and control
DE102008056674A1 (de) * 2008-11-11 2010-05-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen der Verbrennung eines Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer realen Konzentrationsverteilung eines Stoffes
US20100324989A1 (en) * 2009-06-23 2010-12-23 Craig Stephen Etchegoyen System and Method for Monitoring Efficacy of Online Advertising
DE102009030322A1 (de) 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Konzept zur Regelung und Optimierung der Verbrennung eines Dampferzeugers auf der Basis von räumlich auflösender Messinformation aus dem Feuerraum
DE102023134832A1 (de) * 2023-12-12 2025-06-12 SiO2 Ventures GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrads und/oder der Reduzierung der Feinstaubbildung einer Verbrennung

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20010019814A1 (en) 2001-09-06
DE59908129D1 (de) 2004-01-29
JP4365036B2 (ja) 2009-11-18
ATE256843T1 (de) 2004-01-15
JP2002525544A (ja) 2002-08-13
DE19841877A1 (de) 2000-04-20
US6551094B2 (en) 2003-04-22
WO2000016010A1 (de) 2000-03-23
EP1114280A1 (de) 2001-07-11
DK1114280T3 (da) 2004-04-13
ES2213396T3 (es) 2004-08-16

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