Classifications

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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
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  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
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  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
  • C10L1/1883—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom polycarboxylic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
  • C10L1/1905—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
  • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
  • C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
  • C10L1/2225—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates hydroxy containing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
  • C10L1/301—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals
  • C10L1/303—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals boron compounds

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a fuel oil additive and a fuel oil composition. More precisely, it relates to a fuel oil additive especially to gas oil for diesel engines to be used in automobiles, ships, generators, etc., and to a fuel oil composition containing it.
• lubricants improve the lubricity in fuel injection pumps, but do not contribute to the detergency in fuel injection nozzles.
• detergents contribute to the detergency in fuel injection nozzles, but little to improving the lubricity in fuel injection pumps.
• Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 272880/1997 discloses low-sulfur gas oil with a fatty acid ester of sorbitan added thereto, which, however, does not contribute to the detergency in fuel injection nozzles.
• Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 255973/1997 discloses low-sulfur gas oil with a salt of a carboxylic acid and an aliphatic amine or the like added thereto.
• the additive composition comprising (a) and (b) enhances the lubricity of fuel oil and its solubility in fuel oil is improved.
• desired are additives having excellent capabilities to improve the lubricity in fuel injection pumps and the detergency in fuel injection nozzles. Improving the lubricity in fuel injection pumps and the detergency in fuel injection nozzles is important also for gas oil not so much desulfurized.
• the present invention has been made in consideration of the viewpoint mentioned above, and its object is to provide a fuel oil additive having excellent capabilities to improve the lubricity in fuel injection pumps and the detergency in fuel injection nozzles especially for fuel oil having a reduced sulfur content and having a temperature per 90% recovered with distillation of 320°C or higher, and also to provide a fuel oil composition containing the additive.
• the alkenylsuccinimide or alkylsuccinimide compound includes mono-compounds of the following general formula (1) and bis-compounds of the following general formula (2) : wherein R 1 , R 3 and R 4 each represent an alkenyl or alkyl group having a number-average molecular weight of from 300 to 4, 000, and may be the same or different; R 5 and R 6 each represent an alkylene group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different; m indicates an integer of from 1 to 10; and n indicates 0 or an integer of from 1 to 10.
• the number-average molecular weight of the alkenyl or alkyl group for R 1 , R 3 and R 4 preferably falls between 500 and 2,000, more preferably between 500 and 1,000.
• the alkenyl group includes a polybutenyl group and an ethylene-propylene copolymer; and the alkyl group is derived from it through hydrogenation.
• the alkenylsuccinimide and alkylsuccinimide compounds can be prepared generally through reaction of a polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride obtained by reacting a polyolefin with maleic anhydride, or a polyalkylsuccinic anhydride obtained by hydrogenating the polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride, with a polyamine.
• a polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride obtained by reacting a polyolefin with maleic anhydride
• a polyalkylsuccinic anhydride obtained by hydrogenating the polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride, with a polyamine.
• the ratio of the polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride or polyalkylsuccinimide to the polyamine to be reacted therewith shall be varied.
• the olefin monomer to form the polyolefin may one or more of ⁇ -olefins having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
• the polyamine includes simple diamines such as ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, pentylenediamine, etc.; and polyalkylenepolyamines such as diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, di(methylethylene)triamine, dibutylenetriamine, tributylenetetramine, pentapentylenehexamine, etc.
• the boron adduct of such an alkenylsuccinimide or alkylsuccinimide compound for use herein may be prepared in any ordinary manner.
• the boron content of the boron adduct preferably falls between 0.1 and 6 % by weight, more preferably between 0.1 and 4 % by weight.
• One or more of the compounds mentioned above may be used for the component (a) either singly or as combined.
• the lubricant for use in the invention is an additive to be incorporated in the composition for lowering the friction coefficient of the composition, and is not specifically defined.
• unsaturated fatty acids having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms or their dimer acids, or their esters.
• mixtures of the acids and their esters are preferred.
• the unsaturated fatty acids may be linear or branched, including, for example, caproleic acid, linderic acid, tudic acid, myristoleic acid, oleic acid, codoic acid, erucic acid, linolic acid, linolenic acid, etc.
• Alcohols for esterifying the acids include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, glycerin, etc.
• the esters may be partial esters.
• amide compounds such as stearamide, oleamide, stearobis (polyethylene glycol) amide, etc.
• amine compounds such as dodecylamine, aminostearic acid, dimethylstearic acid, cyclohexylamine, dodecylbis(diethylene glycol)amine, etc.
• other amine compounds such as phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, bisoctylphenylamine, bisnonylphenylamine, diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, dipyridylamine, phenothiazine, N-methylphenothiazine, N-ethylphenothiazine, etc.
• disulfides such as dibutyl disulfide, dioctyl disulfide, didodecyl disulfide, etc.
• chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chlorinated paraffin wax, chlorinated naphthal
• One or more of the compounds mentioned above may be used for the component (b) either singly or as combined.
• the ratio of the component (a) to the component (b) preferably falls between 90/10 and 10/90 by weight.
• the fuel oil additive of the first aspect of the invention may be prepared by diluting a mixture of the components (a) and (b) with a diluent of kerosene gas oil and/or an aromatic solvent having from about 8 to 10 carbon atoms or the like, and optionally adding thereto other additives of antioxidant, metal deactivator, bactericide, anti-freezing agent, antistatic agent, corrosion inhibitor, anti-foaming agent, rust inhibitor, combustion improver, colorant, marker, etc., thereby controlling the total amount of the components (a) and (b) to fall preferably between 20 and 80 % by weight.
• An additional component (c), low-temperature fluidability improver may be added to the fuel oil additive of the first aspect of the invention that comprises the components (a) and (b), by which the capability of the additive to improve the lubricity of fuel oil is much enhanced.
• the component (c), low-temperature fluidability improver is not specifically defined, but preferred for it are esters of a hydroxyl group-having nitrogen compound and a linear saturated fatty acid (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1790993/1982), and polymers of the ester with one or more monomers selected from olefins, alkyl esters of ethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acids, and vinyl esters of saturated fatty acids (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
• low-temperature fluidability improvers usable herein are ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-alkyl alkylates, polyalkyl acrylates, alkenylsuccinic acid amides, etc.
• One or more of the compounds mentioned above may be used for the component (c) either singly or as combined.
• the ratio of the component (c) is preferably from 30 to 150 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the total of the components (a) and (b).
• the fuel oil additive comprising the components (a), (b) and (c) may be prepared by diluting a mixture of the components with a diluent of kerosene, gas oil or an aromatic solvent having from about 8 to 10 carbon atoms or the like, and optionally adding thereto other additives of antioxidant, metal deactivator, bactericide, anti-freezing agent, antistatic agent, corrosion inhibitor, anti-foaming agent, rust inhibitor, combustion improver, colorant, marker, etc., thereby controlling the total amount of the components (a), (b) and (c) to fall preferably between 20 and 80 % by weight.
• the second aspect of the invention is a fuel oil composition
• Fuel oil to be in the composition includes various types of hydrocarbon-based fuel oils. In view of the required properties, however, preferred is gasoline or diesel gas oil, and more preferred is diesel gas oil. Diesel gas oil for the invention satisfies the Japan Industrial Standards (JIS K2204) with respect to its properties, preferably, its sulfur content falls between 0.001 and 0.05 % by weight. Also preferably, its kinematic viscosity at 30° C is at least 1.7 mm 2 /sec.
• JIS K2204 Japan Industrial Standards
• HCGO hydro-desulfurized gas oil
• HCGO hydro-cracked gas oil
• the diesel gas oil composition of the invention has a sulfur content of from 0.001 to 0.05 % by weight. If its sulfur content oversteps the defined range, the effect of the fuel oil additive added to the composition will be poor.
• the fuel oil preferably has a temperature per 90% recovered with distillation of 320°C or higher, more preferably 330°C or higher, even more preferably 340°C or higher, most preferably 350°C or higher.
• Hydro-desulfurized gas oil generally having a boiling point that falls between 140 and 390°C and having a density that falls between 0.80 and 0.90 may be suitably used in the invention.
• Such hydro-desulfurized gas oil (DGO) for use herein will generally have a sulfur content of falling between 0.005 and 0.5 % by weight, but its sulfur content is preferably at most 0.05 % by weight.
• Hydro-desulfurized gas oil (DGO) for use herein may be obtained from a starting oil of straight-run light gas oil (LGO) by desulfurizing it in a hydro-desulfurizing apparatus.
• LGO is desulfurized in the presence of a catalyst of, for example, Co-Mo/alumina, Ni-Mo/alumina or the like, under a pressure falling between 30 and 100 kg/cm 2 G, preferably between 50 and 70 kg/cm 2 G, at a temperature falling between 300 and 400°C, preferably between 330 and 360°C, and at a liquid-hourly space velocity (LHSV) falling between 0.5 and 5 hr -1 , preferably between 1 and 2 hr -1 , and thereafter processed with a stripper to remove hydrogen sulfide and naphtha from it.
• a catalyst of, for example, Co-Mo/alumina, Ni-Mo/alumina or the like under a pressure falling between 30 and 100 kg/cm 2 G, preferably
• Hydro-cracked gas oil (HCGO) for use herein may be obtained by hydro-cracking heavy gas oil (HGO), vacuum gas oil (VGO) or their mixture in the presence of a catalyst, and fractionating the cracked oil through distillation.
• the thus-obtained, hydro-cracked gas oil (HCGO) for use herein generally has a sulfur content falling between 0.0001 and 0.2 % by weight.
• the gas oil base mentioned above may be optionally mixed with ordinary gas oil fractions such as straight-run light gas oil (LGO), by-product gas oil from fuel oil direct desulfurization process, desulfurized gas oil (DSGO), by-product gas oil from catalytic cracking process, light cycle oil (LCO), desulfurized LCO (DSLCO), by-product gas oil from indirect desulfurization process (VHLGO), dewaxed light gas oil (DWLGO), dewaxed desulfurized gas oil (DWDGO), desulfurized kerosene fraction (DK), etc.
• ordinary gas oil fractions such as straight-run light gas oil (LGO), by-product gas oil from fuel oil direct desulfurization process, desulfurized gas oil (DSGO), by-product gas oil from catalytic cracking process, light cycle oil (LCO), desulfurized LCO (DSLCO), by-product gas oil from indirect desulfurization process (VHLGO), dewaxed light gas oil (DWLGO), dewaxed des
• the components (a), (b) and (c) constituting it will be controlled as follows:
• the amount of the component (a) preferably falls between 20 and 1, 500 ppm by weight, more preferably between 50 and 800 ppm by weight, based on the total of the composition. If it is smaller than 20 ppm by weight, the detergency in nozzles could be hardly enhanced; and if larger than 1, 500 ppm by weight, the detergency in nozzles could not be effectively enhanced.
• the amount of the component (b) preferably falls between 5 and 300 ppm by weight, more preferably between 10 and 150 ppm by weight, based on the total of the composition. If it is smaller than 5 ppm by weight, the detergency in nozzles could be hardly enhanced; and if larger than 300 ppm by weight, the detergency in nozzles could not be effectively enhanced.
• the amount of the component (c) preferably falls between 50 and 500 ppm by weight, more preferably between 100 and 400 ppm by weight, based on the total of the composition. If it is smaller than 50 ppm by weight, the synergistic effect with the component (b) will be poor and the detergency in nozzles could be hardly enhanced; and if larger than 300 ppm by weight, the synergistic effect with the component (b) will be poor and the detergency in nozzles could not be effectively enhanced.
• additives of antioxidant, metal deactivator, bactericide, anti-freezing agent, antistatic agent, corrosion inhibitor, anti-foaming agent, rust inhibitor, combustion improver, colorant, marker, etc. may be suitably added within the range not interfering with the effect of the invention.
• additives may be added thereto separately from the above-mentioned fuel oil additive, but are generally in the form of fuel oil additive packages.
• Polybutene having a number-average molecular weight of 960 was added to maleic anhydride, to which was further added tetraethylenepentamine to prepare polybutenylsuccinimide. This was diluted with mineral oil having a viscosity at 40 °C of 32 mm 2 /sec to prepare its dilution having a concentration of 64 % by weight.
• Its essential ingredient is a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms, linolic acid, oleic acid and linolic acid (in which the amount of each acid falls between 15 and 50 % by weight and the total of the acids is 90 % by weight) . This was diluted with an aromatic solvent having 10 carbon atoms to prepare its dilution having an effective ingredient content of 20 % by weight.
• a 2,400 cc-class, ante-chamber-type, straight 4-cylinder diesel engine equipped with a slot nozzle was driven for 18 hours at an engine speed of 2,400 rpm and at a torque of 12.7 kg ⁇ m (load ratio of 80 %).
• the nozzle of the engine was checked for dirtiness. Concretely, the needle valve of the nozzle was lifted up to 0.6 mm, and 0.50 kg/cm 2 pressure air was applied to the injection port of the nozzle to measure the air flow rate through the nozzle by the use of an air flow meter.
• the air flow rate relative to the needle valve lift was calculated in terms of the area flow, and the data of the area flow before the test (fresh nozzle) were compared with those after the test, from which was derived the degree of dirtiness of the nozzle.
• the area flow retentiveness of 100 % before and after the test for area flow comparison relative to the needle valve lift indicates that the used nozzle is the same as the fresh nozzle, or that is, the used nozzle is not dirty at all. Contrary to this, the area flow retentiveness of 0 % indicates that the used nozzle is completely clogged, or that is, no fuel could be injected through it.
• Table 2 The data obtained are given in Table 2.
• each oil composition was applied to a wear test ball.
• the load was 200 g
• the sample oil temperature was 60°C
• the vibration frequency was 50 Hz
• the test time was 75 minutes
• the sample amount was 2 ml.
• the worn mark profile on the test ball was inspected with a microscope in the direction of X (horizontal direction) and Y (vertical direction), and the values measured were averaged to obtain the wear rate ( ⁇ m). The data are given in Table 2.
• the nozzle area flow retentiveness of the gas oil compositions to which the additive of the invention had been added was high, and it is understood that the compositions enhanced the detergency in injection nozzles.
• the wear rate in the test where the compositions were used was small, and it is understood that the compositions enhanced the lubricity in injection nozzles.
• the invention provides a fuel oil additive having excellent capabilities to enhance the lubricity in fuel injection pumps and to enhance the detergency in fuel injection nozzles, and especially favorable to low-sulfur gas oil, and also provides a fuel oil composition containing it.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

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• 1999
  • 1999-06-15 EP EP99925327A patent/EP1116779A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-06-15 CN CN99807451A patent/CN1305520A/zh active Pending
  • 1999-06-15 KR KR1020007010371A patent/KR20010042033A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-06-15 WO PCT/JP1999/003183 patent/WO1999066010A1/fr not_active Ceased

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