EP1116885A2 - Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Regeln eines Turbokompressors zur Verhinderung des Pumpens - Google Patents
Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Regeln eines Turbokompressors zur Verhinderung des Pumpens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1116885A2 EP1116885A2 EP01100755A EP01100755A EP1116885A2 EP 1116885 A2 EP1116885 A2 EP 1116885A2 EP 01100755 A EP01100755 A EP 01100755A EP 01100755 A EP01100755 A EP 01100755A EP 1116885 A2 EP1116885 A2 EP 1116885A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- signal
- controller
- control line
- working point
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for regulating a turbo compressor to prevent pumping, of which in the preamble of claim 1 specified type, and a device to carry out the procedure.
- a surge limit line can therefore be defined, which a stable map area from an unstable area separates to the left of the surge line. Operation in an unstable area to the left of the surge line is inadmissible because it is inside serious machine damage occurs in the shortest possible time can.
- a surge limit control is used, which controls a valve on the compressor outlet which as a relief valve with the atmosphere or as a blow-off valve is connected to the suction side of the compressor.
- such a scheme works in such a way that the setpoint for the flow control from the compressor pressure or from the pressure ratio between outlet pressure (Final pressure) and inlet pressure, or from one of these Pressure ratio derived size is determined.
- the setpoint corresponds to the control line.
- the measured compressor intake flow is compared with the setpoint, and in the event of a deviation, the relief valve is adjusted.
- the operating point lies in normal operation of the compressor of the compressor clearly to the right of the control line (the design point is typically 20 to 30% right of it) and the relief valve is completely closed.
- the operating point is shifted from this operating state out towards the surge line begins conventional controller can only be opened when the actual value falls below the setpoint, i.e. when the operating point exceeded the control line in the direction of the surge limit Has.
- a method according to the preamble of claim 1 is known DE-2828124 C2 known.
- the effect of Systems is that the setpoint of the controller is an additional one Signal is added, the transient working point shifts a shift in the control line like this causes when the working point approaches the control line the safety distance between surge limit and control line is enlarged and the controller earlier appeals.
- the control line is shifted almost dynamically and a new "dynamic control line" is effective. This has the consequence that the safety distance between control line and stability limit under transient conditions is significantly larger than under stationary conditions and the compressor clearly in such critical conditions is better protected.
- the known method has the disadvantage that the safety distance for transient working point shifts, who come in from a steady state In the direction of the surge limit, but that is increased Controller only delayed the changes with that on the delay element set time constant.
- Full the known method is only effective if the Working point starting from a stationary operating point moves towards the surge limit.
- the known works against this Procedure in the event of disruption, initially a shift the working point away from the surge line and then again towards the surge line, only unsatisfactory.
- moving the working point away from the The surge line is initially transient after the control line left shifted, with a tendency to adjust according to the set Time constant, usually over several Minutes to reset to the stationary value.
- the invention is based on the object of a method and to improve a device of the known type so that the advantage of increasing the safety distance is always fully usable, regardless of whether the working point is in one before the fault begins stationary operating state or whether previously transient working point shifts have occurred.
- the delay element acts in the direction of the surge limit as described in the prior art. With a shift the working point works in the direction away from the boundary line the delay element, however, with a clear smaller time constant. This ensures that the control line for working point shifts away from the Boundary line follows almost instantaneously when shifting in Towards the surge line, however, with the known, clearly slower time constant.
- the known surge limit control according to the invention for turbo compressors with stationary Control line that is at a fixed distance to the right of the surge line is effective around a dynamic control line expanded.
- This dynamic control line is implemented in such a way that with transient shifts in the compressor operating point the effective position towards the surge limit the control line changed, in such a way that depending on the speed of the approach of the working point the effective control line to the surge limit to the right in the map in the direction of the working point with the consequence that the safety distance between surge limit and control line is enlarged and therefore the Pump limit controller intervenes earlier.
- the control line is e.g.
- the control method according to the invention is particularly suitable for those applications in which a controlled variable, in particular the flow signal, by flow eddies at the Measuring point is very noisy.
- Classic PID controller with differentiating algorithms fail in these applications, because the differential portion on the rate of change the controlled variable reacts. With high-frequency (some Hz) Signal interference with signal swings of a few percent Differentiating control algorithms are not permitted because they Significant signal changes even with stationary machine operation the manipulated variable. You would also at stationary operation in the vicinity of the design point and a complete closing of the valve when stationary Prevent operations to the right of the control line. For reasons of economy, however, the valve is stationary Keep operation completely closed.
- the invention Process offers clear advantages here as it even with extremely noisy control variable this disadvantage Effect does not show.
- Fig. 1-7 each show a simplified Scheme of an inventive device for controlling a Turbo compressor to prevent pumping.
- the computer 13 has a memory provided, in which the course of a stationary control line (Blow-off line) in which, for example, by P and V shown compressor map, e.g. saved as a polyline is.
- a stationary control line Blow-off line
- the compressor outlet pressure P 2 can be used to calculate the target value or can itself be the target value if all other parameters are constant.
- the computer 13 determines from the actual values of V and P defined position of the working point in the map relative to the control line a setpoint for the throughput V.
- the setpoint and actual value are fed to a subtracting point 17, which forms a difference signal x d (control deviation).
- the difference signal x d is supplied to another subtraction point 19 once without delay via a signal path 21 and once with a delay via a delay element 23.
- the difference between the undelayed and the delayed signal formed at the subtracting point 19 is fed as an input signal to a controller R, which generates a control signal for controlling a blow-off valve or blow-by valve 27 provided on the output line of the compressor K in order to control the surge limit control in accordance with a control algorithm implemented therein to carry out in a manner known per se.
- the arrangement described corresponds to the method known from DE-2828124 C2.
- the delay element 23 is a first-order delay element which is asymmetrical in terms of its time constant.
- the delay element 23 operates with a normal delay. If, on the other hand, the operating point shifts to the right, ie away from the surge line G, and thus the change in time of the difference signal x d formed at the subtraction point 17 has a negative sign, the delay element 23 operates with a significantly smaller time constant, typically approx. 1 sec. This ensures that the controller R can also follow rapid changes in the working point, which are directed away from the surge line G and are therefore “harmless”, almost without delay.
- Controller used in the method according to the invention.
- controller R implemented control algorithm not differentiating.
- a differentiating controller can only then be used when the input signals are largely free of signal noise. Without a differentiating controller then working method according to the invention can be used when the input signals are strong Have signal noise, e.g. through vortex formation in the area of the flow sensors 35 is caused.
- the asymmetrical delay element 23 containing circuit branch as "gradient sensor” be considered with the direction and speed from working point shifts to the surge limit or from your way will be captured.
- the mode of action can then be like are described as follows:
- the memory 13 is the stationary one Control line entered as a polyline.
- This (current) control difference is the Controller R switched on, its output according to the implemented Control algorithm changes.
- the current control difference by means of the gradient sensor 23 and the summer 19 a virtual control difference as Sum of the difference between the stationary control line and the current one Flow and the output signal of the gradient Sensor 23 formed.
- This virtual control difference will the controller R as an additional input variable.
- the 2 contains the dashed frame as a gradient sensor effective circuit part 40 an integrator 32, whose output signal is fed back to the input and by means of a summing element 30 the input signal of the integrator 32 is added with a negative sign.
- the time constant of the integrator 32 changes depending on the dependency from the movement of the working point.
- Fig. 3 shows an embodiment in which an additional Function generator 41 (e.g. polygon generator) one additional dynamic control line is specified, in addition to that specified by the function generator or computer 13 stationary control line.
- the dynamic control line 41 is formed from the same input variables as that stationary control line 13, however a "gradient sensor" shifts 40 with downstream summer 19 the dynamic Control line by a portion by which the difference from stationary control line and current compressor flow, formed in summer 17, changes dynamically.
- the Gradient sensor remembers the stationary distance between stationary control line and current compressor intake flow and add this size of the dynamic control line 41 on.
- the difference becomes more dynamic Control line and current intake flow formed and applied as a control difference to controller R, which in turn, the blow-off / blow-off valve adjusted accordingly.
- the gradient sensor is designed such that the dynamic control line only in the direction of the larger one Flow shifts, that means to the safe side for the compressor.
- a transient shift follows the working point away from the surge limit of the gradient sensor the new distance between the working point and the control line without delay.
- the output of the gradient sensor is delayed, the means slow, and thereby causes a continuous Settling into steady state.
- a feedback integrator 32 is an asymmetrical one Limiter 31 connected upstream.
- the output signal of the Integrator 32 is on the adder 30 at the input with a negative Sign switched on.
- the asymmetrical limiter 31 is set to input signals that by moving the compressor operating point in the direction Pumping limit are generated to very small values, e.g. 0.02, limited. Input signals that shift the Correspond to the compressor operating point away from the surge limit, are hardly limited, e.g. by a limit of 1.
- control difference xd setpoint minus actual value "this means a Change in the control difference xd from -0.2 to -0.1.
- the output of the integrator 32 is before the start of the fault -0.2, the input of summer 30 jumps from -0.2 to - 0.1.
- the output of summer 30 is +0.1. Since the Limiter 31 positive values limited to a maximum of 0.02 the integrator has an input signal of 0.02 and integrated thereby with a time constant of 50 seconds.
- the output is only correct after this settling time has subsided of the integrator 32 matches its input.
- the Summer 19 becomes the difference from the input of the summer 30 and output of the integrator formed and the dynamic Control line activated. Is in steady state the output of the summer 19 zero, with transient shifts of the working point in the direction of the surge limit the output of the summer 19 transiently a positive Value whose amplitude is proportional to the size of the working point shift as well as proportional to the speed is the working point shift.
- FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the gradient sensor 40.
- two amplifiers 33 and 34 the outputs of which are used via a changeover switch 35 are connected to the integrator 31.
- the amplifiers are set to different gain factors, the Amplifier 33 e.g. to 0.02 and amplifier 34 to 1.
- the switch 35 is by a differentiator or Sign generator 36 controls and switches, depending on the sign of the input to one or the other amplifier around. This ensures that in the event of an operating point shift a small gain towards the surge limit and therefore a large time constant is effective and with a shift in the direction away from the surge limit a large gain, that is, a small target constant.
- FIG. 6 A further embodiment is shown in FIG. 6.
- the limiter 31 instead of the limiter 31 is an integrator 32 with parameter adaptable Time constant used. Depending on the direction of change of the input signal becomes the time constant of the integrator via the adaptation block 37 between a large and a small value switched.
- Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment, the gradient sensor 40 a special structure-switchable integrator NFI 32 used.
- the integrator Via a control input that is connected to the output of the differentiator 36, the integrator switches between the two operating modes Integrate and track around. The working point shifts of the compressor towards the surge limit, the Differentiator DIF 36 integrator 32 in the mode Integrate.
- the integrator follows with his set Time constants (typically e.g. 50 seconds) of the change of the input signal to summer 30. Shifts the operating point, on the other hand, switches away from the surge limit the differentiator 36 the integrator 32 in the mode Tracking.
- the integrator's output follows without any Time delay the second input, that is, the output of the totalizer 17.
- the differentiator switches 36 the integrator 32 again in the integrating mode.
- the output of the integrator follows from this state with its set time constant the new value.
- the differentiator 36 detects the change in direction and switches the integrator into the integrating mode.
- the output of the integrator 32 follows the input variable with the set time constant (e.g. 50 seconds). This makes the adder 18 transient positive Add up size that has the same effect as that described dynamic control line.
- the embodiment variants of the Gradient sensor 40 can also be used in the embodiment 2 are used. It only needs in the 2 of the integrator 32 and totalizer 30 existing gradient sensor 40 by one of the Gradient sensors 40 according to Fig. 4-7 to be replaced. Of a separate graphic representation and description no such arrangements are given here.
- the advantage 2 compared to that of FIGS. 3 and their variants according to Fig. 4-7 is that only one Function generator 13 (polygon generator) for mapping the stationary control line is required while a function generator 41 omitted for the dynamic control line and the dynamic control line only exists virtually, since they are each the distance between the stationary Control line and the current working point is calculated.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- κ =
- isentropischer Exponent
- R =
- Gaskonstante
- T1 =
- Temperatur am Kompressoreinlaß
- P1 =
- Druck am Kompressoreinlaß
- P2 =
- Druck am Kompressorauslaß
Claims (5)
- Verfahren zum Regeln eines Turbokompressors zur Verhinderung des Pumpens,
bei dem ein Differenzsignal (xd) aus einem laufend erfassten Istwert einer Betriebsgröße des Kompressors (K) und einem von der Lage des Arbeitspunktes im Kennfeld abhängigen Sollwert erzeugt wird und aus dem Differenzsignal (xd) unter Verwendung eines Verzögerungsgliedes ein Eingangssignal für einen Regler (R) erhalten wird, der ein vom Kompressorauslass abzweigendes Ventil (24) steuert,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Differenzsignal (xd) in Abhängigkeit von seiner Änderungsrichtung (Zunahme oder Abnahme) mit unterschiedlichen Zeitkonstanten verzögert wird derart, dass der Regler (R) auf Arbeitspunktverschiebungen in Richtung zur Pumpgrenzlinie langsamer und auf Arbeitspunktverschiebungen in entgegengesetzter Richtung schneller reagiert. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Differenzsignal einmal über das Verzögerungsglied und einmal unverzögert einer Subtrahierstelle (19) zugeführt wird, von der das Eingangssignal für den Regler (R) abgenommen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verzögerung des Verzögerungsgliedes bei von der Pumpgrenzlinie weg gerichteten Arbeitspunktverschiebungen im Wesentlichen oder nahezu Null ist.
- Einrichtung zum Regeln eines Turbokompressors zur Verhinderung des Pumpens, mit Messgebern (3,5) zur Erfassung des Istwertes einer oder mehrerer für den Arbeitspunkt des Kompressors (K) charakteristischer Betriebsgrößen, einem Sollwertgeber (13) mit vorgegebenem Verlauf und einer Regellinie (A) im Kompressorkennfeld, einem Differenzglied (17) zum Erzeugen eines Differenzsignals (xd) aus Sollwert und Istwert, einem Regler (R), der ein Stellsignal für ein Ventil (27) am Kompressorauslass erzeugt, und einer mit dem Differenzsignal (xd) beaufschlagten, ein Verzögerungsglied (23) enthaltenden Schaltung zur Erzeugung des Eingangssignals für den Regler (R),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verzögerungsglied (23) ein asymmetrisches Verzögerungsglied ist, dessen Verzögerung bei einer Änderung des Differenzsignals (xd), die einer Verschiebung des Arbeitspunktes in Richtung zur Pumpgrenzlinie (G) entspricht, größer ist als bei einer Änderung des Differenzsignals (xd) in entgegengesetzter Richtung. - Einrichtung zum Regeln eines Turbokompressors zur Verhinderung des Pumpens, mit Messgebern (3,5) zur Erfassung des Istwertes einer oder mehrerer für den Arbeitspunkt des Kompressors (K) charakteristischer Betriebsgrößen, einem Sollwertgeber (13) mit vorgegebenem Verlauf und einer Regellinie (A) im Kompressorkennfeld, einem Differenzglied (17) zum Erzeugen eines Differenzsignals (xd) aus Sollwert und Istwert, einem Regler (R), der ein Stellsignal für ein Ventil (27) am Kompressorauslass erzeugt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Gradientensensor (40) enthält, der die Größe und Richtung der Änderung des Differenzsignals (xd) erfasst, und dass das Ausgangssignal des Gradientensensors (40) einen Funktionsgeber (41) steuert, in welchem eine dynamische Regellinie gespeichert ist, wobei die Summe aus dem Ausgangssignal des Funktionsgebers (41) und dem Istwert des Kompressordurchsatzes (V) dem Regler (R) als Eingangssignal zugeführt ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10001365 | 2000-01-14 | ||
| DE10001365A DE10001365A1 (de) | 2000-01-14 | 2000-01-14 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Regeln eines Turbokompressors zur Verhinderung des Pumpens |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1116885A2 true EP1116885A2 (de) | 2001-07-18 |
| EP1116885A3 EP1116885A3 (de) | 2003-03-26 |
| EP1116885B1 EP1116885B1 (de) | 2007-01-10 |
Family
ID=7627533
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01100755A Expired - Lifetime EP1116885B1 (de) | 2000-01-14 | 2001-01-12 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Regeln eines Turbokompressors zur Verhinderung des Pumpens |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6558113B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1116885B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10001365A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113931854A (zh) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-01-14 | 北京理工大学 | 具有振动抑制功能的燃料电池汽车高速电动空气压缩机 |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7094019B1 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2006-08-22 | Continuous Control Solutions, Inc. | System and method of surge limit control for turbo compressors |
| RU2354851C1 (ru) * | 2007-09-24 | 2009-05-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный институт авиационного моторостроения имени П.И. Баранова" | Способ контроля режимов работы компрессора и устройство для его осуществления |
| IT1402481B1 (it) * | 2010-10-27 | 2013-09-13 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | Metodo e dispositivo che effettua una compensazione del tempo morto di anti-pompaggio basata su modello |
| US9133850B2 (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2015-09-15 | Energy Control Technologies, Inc. | Method for preventing surge in a dynamic compressor using adaptive preventer control system and adaptive safety margin |
| US10539353B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2020-01-21 | Daikin Applied Americas Inc. | Refrigerating apparatus and control device for refrigerating machine |
| US10254719B2 (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2019-04-09 | Statistics & Control, Inc. | Method and apparatus for surge prevention control of multistage compressor having one surge valve and at least one flow measuring device |
| KR101989588B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-06-14 | 터보윈 주식회사 | 서지 영역에서의 운전이 가능한 터보 블로어 |
| DE102022204160A1 (de) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-02 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines mehrstufigen Luftverdichtungssystems, mehrstufiges Luftverdichtungssystem sowie Brennstoffzellensystem |
| CN114870422B (zh) * | 2022-05-12 | 2024-03-01 | 梅胜 | 一种基于气压机组的分馏塔顶压力控制方法和装置 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2828124C2 (de) | 1978-06-27 | 1981-11-19 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 4200 Oberhausen | Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Pumpens von Turboverdichtern |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4142838A (en) * | 1977-12-01 | 1979-03-06 | Compressor Controls Corporation | Method and apparatus for preventing surge in a dynamic compressor |
| DE3105376C2 (de) * | 1981-02-14 | 1984-08-23 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 4200 Oberhausen | Verfahren zum Betreiben von Turboverdichtern |
| US4697980A (en) * | 1984-08-20 | 1987-10-06 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Adaptive gain compressor surge control system |
| DE3540087A1 (de) | 1985-11-12 | 1987-05-14 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren zum regeln von turbokompressoren |
| DE3540285A1 (de) | 1985-11-13 | 1987-05-14 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren und einrichtung zum regeln von turbokompressoren |
| DE3540284A1 (de) | 1985-11-13 | 1987-05-14 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Einrichtung zum regeln eines turbokompressors zur verhinderung des pumpens |
| DE3544821A1 (de) * | 1985-12-18 | 1987-06-19 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren zum regeln von turbokompressoren zur vermeidung des pumpens |
| DE3809070A1 (de) * | 1988-03-18 | 1989-10-26 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren zum sicheren betreiben von turbo-kompressoren |
| US4940391A (en) * | 1988-11-07 | 1990-07-10 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Compressor surge detection system |
| GB2273316B (en) * | 1992-12-12 | 1996-02-28 | Rolls Royce Plc | Bleed valve control |
-
2000
- 2000-01-14 DE DE10001365A patent/DE10001365A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-01-08 US US09/757,021 patent/US6558113B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-12 EP EP01100755A patent/EP1116885B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-12 DE DE50111831T patent/DE50111831D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2828124C2 (de) | 1978-06-27 | 1981-11-19 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 4200 Oberhausen | Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Pumpens von Turboverdichtern |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113931854A (zh) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-01-14 | 北京理工大学 | 具有振动抑制功能的燃料电池汽车高速电动空气压缩机 |
| CN113931854B (zh) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-08-26 | 北京理工大学 | 具有振动抑制功能的燃料电池汽车高速电动空气压缩机 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6558113B2 (en) | 2003-05-06 |
| US20010014280A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
| EP1116885B1 (de) | 2007-01-10 |
| DE50111831D1 (de) | 2007-02-22 |
| EP1116885A3 (de) | 2003-03-26 |
| DE10001365A1 (de) | 2001-07-19 |
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