Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/94—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in solvents which are in the supercritical state
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/916—Natural fiber dyeing
  • Y10S8/917—Wool or silk
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/916—Natural fiber dyeing
  • Y10S8/918—Cellulose textile

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for dyeing textile material with one or more fibre-reactive disperse dyestuffs in a supercritical or almost critical fluid, which textile material is selected from the group consisting of silk, wool and cellulose, combinations thereof and combinations of one or more thereof with synthetic fibres.
• the dyeing of textile materials in a supercritical fluid per se is already known from DE-A1-39 06 724.
• a supercritical fluid which contains one or more dyestuffs is made to flow onto and through a textile substrate which is to be treated.
• the type of fluid is in this case selected as a function of the dyeing system, which system is determined by the type of dyestuff and the type of textile material.
• Optionally modified polar (dipolar) supercritical fluids or mixtures thereof are selected for polar dyeing systems, such as water-soluble reactive dyestuffs, acid dyestuffs and basic dyestuffs.
• Nonpolar fluids are used for nonpolar dyeing systems, such as disperse dyestuff systems.
• nonpolar dyeing systems such as disperse dyestuff systems.
• disperse dyestuff systems For textile materials which contain both nonpolar and polar fibres and are therefore dyed using different types of dyestuffs, it is proposed in DE-A-39 06 724 for these materials to be dyed in a plurality of steps, each step using a system of dyestuff and supercritical fluid which is suitable for one type of fibre.
• CO 2 as nonpolar supercritical fluid gives good results for dyeing textile materials made from the synthetic fibres of polyester and acetate using disperse dyestuffs, as is also described DE-A1-43 32 219.
• the pretreatment with the finishing agent may also be carried out directly in an autoclave in an atmosphere of supercritical CO 2 .
• the washfastness and fastness to rubbing of textile materials which have been pretreated in this way and dyed are lower than the fastnesses which are required and can be achieved with the conventional acid or reactive dyestuffs which have been dissolved in water.
• This shortcoming is described in DE-A1-44 22 707. Incidentally, it is pointed out here that acid and alkaline dyestuffs do not form a covalent bond, but rather a much weaker ionic bond. When textile which has been dyed with dyestuffs of this type is rinsed or washed, contamination is released on account of the poor fixation of the dyestuffs to the textile.
• the substrate is previously modified with compounds which contain amino groups, with the result that even and colourfast colours with good washfastness and fastness to rubbing are obtained.
• the fibre-reactive disperse dyestuffs used are dyestuffs which in addition to the fibre-reactive group do not contain any group which makes them soluble in water, and the fibre-reactive group itself is not or does not comprise a group which makes the dyestuff soluble in water.
• fibre-reactive in general refers to those molecule parts which can react and form a covalent bond with hydroxyl groups, for example of cellulose, or with amino and thiol groups, for example of wool and silk, of synthetic polymers, such as polyamides, and with amine-treated cellulose.
• the dyestuff therefore reacts with the fibres, so that a covalent bond is formed between the dyestuff and the fibre.
• a fibre-reactive disperse dyestuff of this type can be well fixed in cellulose and polyester materials on the basis of the chemical structure.
• the fixation of the dyestuff in polyester material is based on the penetration of the dyestuff into swollen polyester fibres, the dyestuff being mechanically "anchored” in the fibre when the swelling is eliminated at the end of the dyeing process.
• a cotton-containing fabric is pretreated in accordance with a procedure which is known from EP-A1-0 546 476 and is then dried, after which the supercritical dyeing is carried out in an autoclave in which a dyestuff and a quantity of solid CO 2 are placed.
• the method of the type described in the introductory part is characterized in that the relative humidity of the fluid is in the range from 10-100% during dyeing.
• supercritical fluid is understood as meaning a fluid in which the pressure and/or the temperature is/are above the critical pressure and/or critical temperature which is/are characteristic of the fluid in question.
• supercritical fluids which can possibly be used include, inter alia, CO 2 , N 2 O, the lower alkanes, such as ethane and propane, and mixtures thereof.
• the explosion limits and toxicity values also play an important role in the composition of the fluid.
• the dyeing method according to the present invention is carried out under supercritical or almost critical conditions. This is contrary to WO 97/1743, wherein a continuous process for the application of textile treatment compositions to textile materials is disclosed. Therein the textile treatment composition such as a dipolar water soluble CI dye is dissolved in a supercritical fluid, however the application itself occurs under atmospheric conditions.
• Maintaining the relative humidity of the fluid in the range from 10 to 100% during the dyeing ensures that the textile material remains sufficiently moist and therefore is and remains sufficiently accessible for the uptake of the dyestuff. Furthermore, it is assumed that cotton with water forms a stronger nucleophilic reagent for fixation of the dyestuff than dry cotton.
• the fixation is to take place by means of a nucleophilic reaction between the reactive groups of the dyestuff, on the one hand, and the fibre, on the other hand, for which reaction moisture is required and which reaction leads to the dyestuff being covalently bonded to the fibres of the textile material.
• the way in which the relative humidity of the fluid is set and maintained in the range from 10-100% during the method is not critical.
• the possibilities include injection of water into the supercritical fluid, pretreatment of the textile material with water and extraction of water with the aid, for example, of molecular sieves or a condenser.
• the relative humidity can be measured using a capacitance meter.
• aminating agents For use in CO 2 , it is common to use aminating agents with primary and/or secondary amino groups, with which the reactive groups of the fibre-reactive disperse dyestuff can react and form a covalent bond.
• an agent of this type is an aliphatic polyamine, available from Clariant, which gives secondary amino groups to the cellulose fibres.
• These aminating agents may also be small molecules, as described in US-A-1 779 970.
• the desired relative humidity of the fluid is advantageously set by subjecting the textile material to a moistening step for premoistening the textile material with an aqueous moistening agent prior to the dyeing.
• the aqueous moistening agent may, for example, be water, to which, if desired, additives are added.
• the moistening step may, for example, be carried out using the padding method (foulard), in which the textile material is passed through a bath of the aqueous moistening agent and then the material is squeezed until the desired moisture content is reached.
• the padding method foulard
• the aqueous moistening agent may contain at least one auxiliary.
• the moistening agent may contain one or more agents which promote the accessibility of the fibres of the textile materials for the dyestuff, such as the preferred melamine, urea or thiodiethylene glycol.
• auxiliary which can be considered for use in the moistening agent is a reaction-accelerating auxiliary for accelerating the reaction between the reactive disperse dyestuff and the textile material.
• auxiliaries include, inter alia, pyridine or ammonium salts.
• reaction accelerators often contain tertiary and quaternary amino groups.
• aminating agents may also be added to the moistening agent. Then, the textile material is dyed in accordance with the method according to the invention.
• an agent for promoting the solubility of the fibre-reactive disperse dyestuff such as acetone or ethanol, may be added to the supercritical fluid.
• the dyeing conditions are selected on the basis of the textile material to be dyed.
• the temperature is usually in the range from 20-220°C, preferably 90-150°C.
• the pressure which is applied during dyeing should be at least sufficiently high for the fluid to be in the supercritical or almost critical state at the prevailing temperature.
• the pressure is usually in the range from 5x10 6 -5x10 7 Pa (50-500 bar), more preferably 2x10 7 -3x10 7 Pa (200-300 bar).
• a temperature of approximately 140°C and a pressure of approximately 2.5x10 7 Pa (250 bar) for dyeing cotton, while for wool a temperature of approximately 110° and a pressure of approximately 2.5x10 7 Pa (250 bar) are preferred.
• the moistening can also be carried out prior to the actual dyeing process, in which case the textile material is already in a dyeing vessel of the dyeing device used.
• the moisture content can also be set during the dyeing itself, for example by injection of water or steam into the circulating fluid, to which, if desired, the necessary additives are added.
• a dyeing device which is suitable for use in the method according to the invention is known in the specialist field and is described, for example, in an article entitled “Experience with the Uhde CO 2 -dyeing plant on technical scale", Melliand International (3), 1998.
• the reactive disperse dyestuffs which can be used in the method according to the invention may be selected from the dyestuffs which are mentioned, for example, in DE-A1-44 22 707, DE-A-20 08 811, US-A-3 974 160, US-A-5 498 267, US-A-4 969 951, CH-A-564 515 and Japanese patent publications JP-3-247 665, JP 92/059 347, JP 91/035 342, JP 91/032 585 and JP 91/032 587.
• the present invention also relates to a device for dyeing textile material in a supercritical or almost critical fluid, comprising a pressure vessel for holding the textile material which is to be dyed and means for supplying the fluid to the pressure vessel, wherein the device is also provided with regulating means for regulating the relative humidity of the fluid.
• the relative humidity of the fluid is regulated by measuring the actual relative humidity with suitable measuring means, for example with a capacitance meter, and, in the event of deviation from the desired value, either adding moisture or extracting moisture.
• the regulating means may comprise supply means for supplying moisture and/or means for extracting moisture to/from the supercritical fluid.
• the supply means may be directly connected to the pressure vessel but may also be connected to the supply means for the supercritical fluid.
• Supply means of this type comprise, for example, injection means for the injection of steam.
• a condenser and a bed of molecular sieve material are examples of means for extracting moisture from the supercritical fluid, which may be arranged, for example, in the circulation pipe network of the supercritical fluid.
• the filter openings were smaller than the dimensions of the powder particles, so that the dyestuff was only able to flow through the filter openings and come into contact with the cloth in dissolved form.
• the vessel was sealed, after which CO 2 was pumped into the vessel with the aid of a feed pump. Once a pressure of 180 bar had been reached, a circulation pump was activated, so that the supercritical fluid circulated through the vessel at a flowrate of 110 1/h. When a pressure of 210 bar was reached, the supply of CO 2 was stopped. The circulation of CO 2 was continued for two hours. The vessel was heated on the outside, with the result that the pressure rose to 284 bar and the temperature rose from 99°C to 116°C. The mean pressure and temperature were 270 bar and 108°C.
• the mean relative humidity of the fluid was 58%, while the cotton had a moisture content of 8.8% by weight.
• the circulating CO 2 was first brought into contact with the dyestuff powder, so that the CO 2 was laden with dyestuff, and was then brought into contact with the suspended piece of cotton, to which the dyestuff was transferred. After two hours, the circulation pump was stopped and the CO 2 removed. The piece was very orange and evenly dyed. A section of the piece was then subjected to an extraction test using a mixture of acetone and water at the boiling point of this mixture. After the end of the extraction, 80% of the dyestuff was found still to be on the piece. Another section was subjected to a washing test at 95°C. Once it had finished, 94% of the dyestuff was found still to be present on the piece. The results of these tests indicate a very good fixation of the dyestuff.
• a rectangular piece of mercerized cotton weighing 21.5 g was premoistened with a mixture of 9.1% by weight aliphatic polyamine in NaOH at 50°C.
• the piece of cotton was then placed in a bath comprising 98.7% by weight water and 1.3% by weight melamine. Water was then removed from the piece of cotton which had been pretreated in this way, until the weight was 43.6 g.
• This cloth was suspended in the middle of the cylindrical vessel used in EXAMPLE 1, and the further procedure described in that example was repeated.
• the mean pressure and temperature were 267 bar and 113°C.
• the mean relative humidity of the fluid was 54%.
• the moisture content of the cotton was 7.9% by weight.
• the piece was very orange and evenly dyed.
• a rectangular piece of dry, mercerized cotton weighing 24.6 g was moistened with a mixture of 98.8% by weight water and 1.2% by weight melamine.
• a rectangular piece of silk weighing 0.4 g, a piece of knitted wool weighing 0.3 g and a piece of polyester weighing 0.3 g were treated with the above mixture of water and melamine. These three pieces were placed in the pretreated piece of cotton. After removal of water, the weight of the piece of cotton was 47.3 g. Then, the complete set was dyed in the same way as described in EXAMPLE 1.
• the mean pressure was 272 bar.
• the mean temperature was 112°C.
• the mean relative humidity of the fluid was 74%, while the cotton had a moisture percentage of 12.3% by weight.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Coloring (AREA)
• Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
• Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (14)

Families Citing this family (29)

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• 2000
  • 2000-02-16 NL NL1014395A patent/NL1014395C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2001
  • 2001-02-02 EP EP01200420.6A patent/EP1126072B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-02-09 US US09/781,519 patent/US6620211B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-02-12 TW TW090103025A patent/TW552335B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-02-13 JP JP2001034888A patent/JP4922494B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-02-16 CN CN01104655.4A patent/CN1229542C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime

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