Definitions

• the invention relates to fire-extinguishing gel compositions useful in extinguishing Class A, Class B
• HALON 1301 the brominated hydrocarbon bromotrifluoromethane
• the study also established HALON 1301 as the least toxic of the brominated hydrocarbon organic liquids for flame extinguishing.
• HALON 1301 and HALON 1211 bromochlorodifluoromethane bromofluorocarbons as volatile, vaporizing organic liquids in flame extinguishing.
• HALON 1301 and HALON 1211 bromochlorodifluoromethane bromofluorocarbons
• the bromofluorocarbons have the potential for destroying ozone in the upper stratosphere, when released into the environment. This impact on the environment has been of great concern.
• chlorofluorocarbons Representative of these perfiuorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons are 2- chloro-1 ,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, 1,1,2, 2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1, 1, 2-tetrafluoro- ethane,1,1, 1-trifluoroethane, perfluorocyclopropane, perfluoropropane, perfluorocyclobutane and the like; see U.S. Patent 5,135,054, which is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
• the chlorofluorocarbon compounds are also referred to by the "CFC" system of nomenclature, and the hydrofluorocarbons by the "HFC" system.
• the first digit represents the number of carbon atoms minus one (and is omitted if zero) ; the second digit represents the number of hydrogen atoms plus one; and the third digit represents the number of fluorine atoms,
• HFC-125 represents pentafluoroethane.
• 1, 1, 1,2-tetra- fluoroethane and other hydrofluorocarbons, iodofluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons of low ODP can be compounded with certain dry chemicals, in a substantially non-aqueous gel to enhance their covering of exposed flaming or flammable surfaces to enhance its effectiveness.
• the compositions of the invention are hybrids, i.e., gelled formulations of dry powder agents delivered in liquified hydrofluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons. These compositions extinguish flame so rapidly that decomposition of the gas component to undesired toxic products of burning is minimal. In tests, sampling for decomposition products showed no significant formation of HF or COF 2 .
• compositions of the invention are stable dispersions of low ozone depletion potential and are highly effective in extinguishing Class B and C fires. Some are also useful to extinguish Class A and Class D fires as defined by the National Board of Fire Underwriters. They are effective when applied in both "streaming" and "flooding” applications.
• the invention comprises a substantially non- aqueous, flame-extinguishing gel composition of low ozone depletion potential, which comprises; a plurality of particles of a dry powder fire- extinguishing agent, dispersed in a gel, comprised of: a liquefied fire-extinguishing gas of low ozone depletion potential; a hydrophilic, non-ionic surfactant; a film-forming fluorocarbon surfactant; and an anti-flocculent proportion of a phosphorus containing antiflocculent.
• the invention also comprises the use of the compositions of the invention to extinguish fires.
• low ozone depletion potential ODP as used herein means a value of less than about 0.5 as determined by the method of Fisher et al . , Nature,
• Dry powder fire-extinguishing agents are represented by ammonium sulfate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium borate, potassium borate, sodium borate (borax) , sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium bromide, mono- and diammonium phosphate and the like.
• Preferred dry powder fire-extinguishing agents are solid forms of the ammonium and sodium salts of polyphosphoric acids (ammonium or sodium polyphosphate) .
• the ammonium polyphosphate solid particles are preferred dry chemical agents for practice of the present invention, since they are inherently polyanions which repel each other, avoiding self-agglomeration.
• ammonium polyphosphate solid particles employed in the preferred compositions and method of the invention are prepared by methods well- known in the art, for example, by heat treating phosphates such as urea phosphate with a combined ammoniating and condensing agent such as urea or melamine. Further details of the commercial preparation of ammonium polyphosphates may be found in U.S. Patents 3,755,163 and 3,775,315, both incorporated herein by reference thereto. These ammonium polyphosphates are compounds containing a P- O-P type linkage, having the general formula:-
• ammonium polyphosphates of formula (I) given above having an n value between 1000 and 5000, preferably between 1000 and 3000.
• the preferred ammonium polyphosphates to be used in accordance with the present invention are solids and have an apparent density between about 0.4 and 0.9 kg/liter, as compared with other powdered fire- extinguishing agents having an apparent density between about 0.4 and 0.45 kg/liter.
• a phosphorus content of 31.5 ⁇ 0.5% by weight and a water-soluble content of less than 10% measured in a 10% strength aqueous dispersion at a temperature of 25°C. is advantageous.
• the particles are advantageously provided in the form of free-flowing, finely divided particles, (crystals or granules) , the average particle size being a maximum of 500 microns, advantageously within the range of from about 0.05 to 500 microns, preferably 1 to 100 microns, most preferably less than about 50 microns. Especially good results are obtained in flooding applications using particle sizes of 1 to 12 microns (average) .
• the particles of dry powder fire-extinguishing agents are uniformly and homogeneously dispersed in the volatile liquid gel.
• Any of the known perfluoro- carbon, chlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluorocarbon fire-extinguishing gases of low ozone depletion potential may be used as the gellable liquid in compounding the compositions of the invention. Representative of those gases are HFC-23, HFC-31, HFC-32, HFC-124, HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-218, HFC-227ea, HFC-318, HFC-236fa and the like (see U.S. Patent 5,185,094 incorporated by reference).
• the proportion of volatile liquid in the preferred gel compositions of the invention may range from .about 30 to about 70 percent by weight of the total gel composition, preferably 40 to 60 percent.
• Gelling agents for use in gelling non-aqueous dispersions of dry powdered fire- extinguishing agents in organic liquids are well known and include for example pyrogenic silica (such as the commercially available CAB-O-SIL H5 marketed by G.L Cabot, Inc., Boston, Ma.; pyrogenic alumina (such as Alan C) ; carboxymethyl cellulose, carrageenin, polycarboxylated vinyl polymers such as carboxypolymethylene and those described in U.S. Patent 4,652,383, incorporated herein by reference thereto, guar gum and the like.
• a preferred gelling agent is fumed silica/alumina (Coke -84; DeGussa, Inc. Teterboro, New Jersey) .
• the gelling agents are present in the preferred compositions of the present invention in an amount sufficient to effect gelation of the liquid ingredients.
• the proportion of gelling agent used is within the range of from 0.05 to 10 percent by weight of the volatile liquid.
• Gelation is preferably the formation of a thixotrope, having a yield stress of at least about 200 dynes per cm 2 .
• the dry particle ingredients have an average size of from 1 to about 12 microns, the amount of gelling agent required to effect gelation of the liquid ingredient is dramatically reduced, i.e.; requiring about one- tenth the amount needed for compositions containing dry particles of larger particle sizes.
• the gelling causes the gas and dry particles to "hang together".
• the volatile liquid effectively carries the dry powder ingredients directly to the fire, around corners and through clutter (places where nitrogen gas propelled powder compositions generally cannot be directed) .
• the HALON type gases have formed relatively stable gel compositions, without the use of stabilizing additives. This is not the case when substituting hydrofluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons for HALONS, in gel compositions. Due to the differences in polarity and solvent power, of gelled hydrofluorocarbons or chlorofluorocarbons, the suspended dry particles have a tendency to agglomerate in the gelled, liquefied volatile gas. Agglomeration of the particles can clog the dispensing nozzle, resulting in an ineffective application. To overcome this tendency for particle agglomeration, we have of necessity incorporated into the gel compositions of the invention a surfactant and deflocculant system comprised of a plurality of particular and specified surfactants. The surfactant system stabilizes the gel composition and prevents aggromeration and separation of the solid particles from the dispersion.
• surfactant as used herein is a contraction of "surface-active agent” and is a broadly descriptive term used to describe a chemical compound which is (l) soluble in at least one phase of a system, (2) has an a phipathic structure, (3) the molecules of which form oriented monolayers at phase interfaces, (4) exhibits an equilibrium concentration as a solute at a phase interface, greater than its concentration in the bulk of the solution, (5) forms micelles when the concentration as a solute in solution, exceeds a characteristic limiting value and (6) exhibits some combination of the functional properties of detergency, foaming, wetting, emulsifying, solubilizing and dispersing.
• the surfactants for combination in the gel carriers of the present invention are chosen for their primary functions as polarization neutralizers, lubricants and wetting agents.
• the formulation with dry fire extinguisher powders is stable for optimal periods of time, to enhance dispensing of the fire extinguishant and to promote rapid extinguishing of flames.
• a non- ionic hydrophilic surfactant is included to assist in stabilizing the dispersion of the dry particles in the gel.
• hydrophilic, non-ionic surfactant there may be mentioned polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, or polyoxyethylene sorbitan tetraoleate; polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid ester such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol pentaoleate, or polyoxyethylene sorbitol monostearate; polyoxyethylene glycerol fatty acid ester such as polyoxyethylene glycerol monostearate, polyoxyethylene glycerol monoisostearate, or polyoxyethylene glycerol triisostearate ; polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester such as polyoxyethylene monooleate, polyoxyethylene distearate, polyoxyethylene monodioleate, or ethylene glycol distearate; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether
• the non-ionic surfactant is advantageously present in a weight proportion of from about 0.5 to 10 percent by weight of the total weight of gelled composition of the invention, preferably less than 5 percent.
• anionic surfactants are surfactant compounds which contain an organic hydrophobic group containing from about 8 to 26 carbon atoms and preferably from about 10 to 22 carbon atoms in their molecular structure; and at least one water-solubilizing group selected from the group consisting of sulfonate, sulfate and carboxylate so as to form a water-soluble surfactant.
• anionic surfactants include soaps, such as, the water-soluble salts (e.g., the sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkanol-ammonium salts) of higher fatty acids containing from about 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
• water-soluble salts e.g., the sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkanol-ammonium salts
• alkane sulfonates including long chain alkane sulfonates and long chain hydroxyalkane sulfonates.
• sulfated ethoxylated higher fatty alcohols of the formula RO (C 2 H 4 0) m S0 3 M, wherein R is a fatty alkyl of from 10 to 22 carbon atoms, m is from 2 to 6 (preferably having a value from about 1/5 to 1/2 the number of carbon atoms in R) and M is a solubilizing salt-forming cation, such as an alkali metal, ammonium, lower alkylamino or lower alkanola ino, or higher alkyl benzene sulfonate wherein the higher alkyls of 10 to 15 carbon atoms are present.
• the proportion of ethylene oxide in the polyethoxylated higher alkanol sulfate is preferably 2 to 5 moles of ethylene oxide groups per mole of anionic surfactant, with three moles being most preferred, especially when the higher alkanol is of 11 to 15 carbon atoms.
• Another class of preferred anionic surfactant found useful as a component of the compositions of the invention are the sulfonates of formula:
• sulfonates are sodium xylene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate and the like.
• a depolarizing amount of anionic surfactant is generally from about 0.5 to about 10.0 percent by weight of the total weight of the gel composition of the invention.
• film-forming surfactants such as the fluorocarbons described in U.S. Patents 2,937,098 and 3,163,547 (incorporated herein by reference thereto) are also used in the gel compositions of the invention. These are generally provided in relatively small proportions as emulsions in alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol.
• Particularly useful in the present invention are the anionic or cationic perfluorinated surfactants, such as the perfluorinated sulphonic acids having the general formula:- c n F 2n+l S0 3 H where C n denotes an aliphatic chain, straight or branched containing from 5 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the acids are toxic and because of this suitable salts such as the alkali metal salts, for example, the sodium or potassium salts are preferably used.
• An example of a particularly suitable perfluorinated surfactant is that having the formula C g F 17 S0 3 NH 4 .
• Perfluorinated surfactants are commercially available from the 3M Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The perhalogenated surfactant is usually available in commerce in a mixed aqueous /organic solvent system and may be utilized in that form in the practice of this invention.
• a preferred emulsion product is Zonyl FSN, a fluorocarbon surfactant composition containing 1.0% active ingredient; E.I. DuPont DeNemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware.
• the solvent is dispersed and the surfactant precipitates as a film, forming on the solid particles dispersed in the gel carrier.
• compositions of the invention which include the dry powders described above, is the presence of a phosphorus containing antiflocculent, which is compatible with fire-extinguishing agents.
• antiflocculents containing phosphorus are compounds such as the phosphoric acid ester salts like alkylphosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, and alkylallyl ether phosphates.
• Preferred phosphorus containing antiflocculents are the acidic phosphorus-containing compounds, for example, the water-soluble di- or polyphosphonic or di- or polyphosphinic acid esters or water-soluble salts thereof.
• Representative of the phosphonic or phosphinic acid esters or salts thereof are those of the general formulae (II) to (VI) as follows: (II) P 2 - (X) n
• N represents a nitrogen atom
• X' represents the methylene or substituted meth- ylene radical -CR 2 or, where X n is directly bonded to 2 nitrogen atoms and n is greater than 1, two adjacent X groups may represent a part of a cycloalkyl, preferably a cyclohexyl, group, n represents a whole number from 1 to 5,
• R represents —H, -OH or —(CH 2 ) 2 H or part of a shared cycloalkyl group.
• Compounds according to the above general formulae (II) -(VI) are widely available commercially usually as solutions, e.g. of 50% to 75% by weight, in water, for example from the Monsanto Company, St. Louis Missouri, under the Trade Name Dequest* . Although these compounds are provided in aqueous solution, because limited proportions are used, the overall contribution of water to the total composition of the invention is negligible and the total gel composition is substantially "non-aqueous" in nature.
• the phosphonic or phosphinic acid salts are employed in an anti-flocculent proportion, which is generally within the range of from 0.5 to 10 percent by weight of the total gel composition of the invention.
• ammonium polyphosphate described above as a preferred dry powder fire-extinguishing agent ingredient for the compositions of the invention are also, inherently, antiflocculents and that function is exploited in the present invention when they are employed as the dry powder fire-extinguishing agent.
• compositions of the invention include at least 0.5 to 10.0 percent by weight of ammonium polyphosphate particles, the need for an antiflocculent is satisfied.
• the preferred compositions of the invention may be containerized within containers having the structural strength for withstanding the superat ospheric pressures developed during storage and ambient use temperatures. Generally, these pressures will be within the range of from about 15 to 250 PSIG at room temperatures. Representative of such containers are those described in the U.S. Patent 3,402,665.
• the container loading is facilitated by cooling the compositions of the invention below their critical vapor pressures, during loading.
• the container compositions of the invention may also be overpressured to facilitate discharge, with non-flammable gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, argon and like inert gases, using conventional techniques.
• non-flammable gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, argon and like inert gases
• the compositions are contained in a flame [or fire] extinguishing system.
• Such systems may comprise containment means for holding under superatmospheric pressure the compositions and valve means on the containment means for release of the contained compositions from the containment means onto the flame [or fire] to be extinguished.
• the system is fitted with sensor means for detecting a fire and automatically operating the valve means.
• GEL STABILITY STUDIES A plurality of pressure-resistant, clear glass vessels were provided, each fitted with an aerosol valve (Bespak Company) and a dip tube for containing a series of fire-extinguishing compositions. The compositions were loaded into the vessels under pressure and allowed to stand for at least 36 hours. At the end of this period of time, the pressurized contents of the vessels were discharged by use of an actuator. Weights of the vessels were taken before release of the contents and after release to calculate the percentage of the composition which discharged. The greater the percentage of expulsion, the greater is the stability and effectiveness of the dispersion as an indicator of lack of separation. The composition ingredients and the percentages expelled are given below.
• a composition of the invention is prepared by dispersing 100.4 gms of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) having an average particle size of 30 microns in 120.3 gms of 1,1, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a; gelled with 2.0 gm of fumed silica/alumina (Coke* 84, DeGussa, Inc., Teterboro, New Jersey, and containing 1.0 gms of polyoxyethylene sorbitol (Tween* 80, ICI, Wilmington, Delaware) 0.1 gms of Zonyl ® FSN fluorosurfactant, supra., and 2.0 gms of an anti- flocculent (Dequest* 2016; Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri). Upon actuation, 88.4% of the particles are expelled from the container without flow interruption.
• MAP monoammonium phosphate
• HFC-134a 1,1, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane
• Example 1 For purposes of comparison, a control composition was prepared as described in Example 1 above, but without addition of the polyoxyethylene sorbitol. Upon actuation, the gel exhibited poor flow and only 72.9% of particle expulsion occurred.
• EXAMPLE 1-C Control
• a control composition was prepared as described in Example 1, supra. , but without addition of the Zonyl* FSN fluorosurfactant. Upon actuation, 70.3% expulsion of particles occurred with poor flow.
• EXAMPLE l-D Control
• Example 1 For purposes of comparison, a control composition was prepared as described in Example 1, supra., but without addition of the Dequest* 2016. Upon actuation, poor flow occurred, with clumping. The expulsion accounted for 74.7 percent of the particles.
• Example 1 Repeating the general procedure of Example 1, supra., but replacing the HFC 134a as used therein with an equal weight of one of the following volatile gases , trifluoro ethane (HFC-23) pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa) perfluoropropane (FC-218) perfluorobutane (FC-3-1-10) or trifluoroiodomethane (FIC-1311) there is obtained a composition of the invention useful to extinguish fires and is equal in flow and stability to the HFC 134a-containing formulation of Example 1, surpa.
• HFC-23 trifluoro ethane
• HFC-125 pentafluoroethane
• HFC-227ea heptafluoropropane
• HFC-236fa 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa
• Example 2 The procedure of Example 2, supra, was repeated, except that the Dequest* 2016 as used therein was omitted. The expulsion upon actuation accounted for 77.7 percent of the particles with poor flow and clumping.
• the product of Examples 1, 2 and 3 are environmentally safe.
• the ODP of HFC-134a is zero.
• the atmospheric lifetime is 15.4 years.
• Example 1 The procedure of Example 1, supra. , was repeated except that the HFC-134a as used therein was replaced with an equal proportion of HFC-125.
• the gel/particle dispersion obtained is equal in flow and stability to the HFC-134a containing compositions.
• the extinguisher used for the small-scale tests was fabricated from a stainless steel cylinder having a capacity of 1-gallon.
• the extinguisher had a valve on one end and a hose on the other.
• the valve located on the top of the extinguisher, had a quick- disconnect for filling.
• a nitrogen hose was attached to the same quick-disconnect to provide for a constant nitrogen overpressure during the test.
• Connected to the end of the hose was a nozzle assembly taken directly from one of the 1-1/4 lb Halon 1211 extinguishers.
• the flexible hose which was 2.5 feet in length, made it easy to apply the agent with a consistent sweep rate. The agent could also be applied at the desired angle of attack.
• the extinguisher was mounted on a pulley system which was designed to support the extinguisher, yet still allow the firefighter the freedom of movement.
• the firefighter simply rolled the extinguisher along the pulley system into the desired position for the test.
• the extinguisher could easily be removed from the pulley system between tests and weighed.
• the orifice sizes were as follows: 0.067, 0.076, 0.082, 0.090, and 0.098 inches.
• the 0.082 and 0.090 nozzles were fabricated by drilling out the center of a 0.067 nozzle to obtain the desired bore.
• test procedures were basically the same as for the small-scale tests. In an effort to keep the technique consistent, the same firefighter was used for all of the tests. The test procedures are summarized below:
• the extinguisher was weighted empty to establish a tare weight.
• the extinguisher was pressurized with nitrogen.
• the extinguisher was weighted to establish the initial weight of the extinguisher and the agent blend. 5. The extinguisher was attached to the pulley system and the nitrogen overpressure hose was connected to the extinguisher.
• the fire pan was filled with 3-inches of water and 1-inch of heptane.
• the agent was applied to the fire by squeezing the nozzle fully and producing a sweeping motion across the fire.
• the agent was initially applied to the front of the pan in an effort to push the fire to the back of the pan until extinguishment was achieved. Every effort was made to keep the agent on the fire and minimize overspray.
• the time from agent application to extinguishment was recorded with a stopwatch.
• the extinguisher was weighed to determine the amount of agent dispensed.
• compositions of the invention were effective in extinguishing the fires, particularly the APP/HFC- 134a blend.
• the test results are shown in Table I. below.
• the APP/134a blend (weight ratio of 45% particles: 55% liquid) had a minimum weight to extinguish of 0.30 lb.
• the extinguishment time was 1.65 sec. TABLE I
• the agent was applied to the 2.25 ft 2 fire and extinguishment was achieved in one of the tests. It took however, 29 sec, and 4.52 lbs of agent was required. The flowrate was 0.16 lbs/sec. The next test was performed with a much higher flowrate (0.29 lbs/sec). The agent was extremely ineffective at this flowrate. The agent appeared to blow right through the fire, and was unable to push the fire to the back of the pan. A total of 5.46 lbs. of agent was used in this test. The flowrate was lowered for the next test, down to 0.18 lbs/sec. The agent performed similarly to the first test, but extinguishment was not achieved after 28 sec had elapsed and 5.2 lbs. of agent had been used. 45% APP/55% 134a (Invention)
• the fire tests used to evaluate the total flood extinguishment effectiveness of the products included Class 1 wood cribs (1/2 of a 1A crib) and Class B pool fires.
• the Class B fuel was n-heptane floated on water in various circular pans. Approximately 1/2 in of fuel was floated on 2.5 in of water. The water was required to decrease pan warpage.
• the circular pan sizes were 1/4 in steel, 8.5-in diameter (0.4 ft 2 , 35 Kw) and 1.33-ft diameter (1.4 ft 2 , 209 Kw) all 4 in deep and corresponding to fire heat release rate to test chamber volume ratios of 1.9 and 11.4 Kw/m 3 (0.62 and 2.15 ft 2 /1000 ft 3 ), respectively.
• the blends tested were based on a percent mass composition.
• Several discharge cylinders were used. A particular cylinder was chosen based upon the total charge weight and desired cylinder fill ratio. The cylinder was weighed so that a tare weight was obtained prior to filling. The desired weight of the composition for testing was added to the cylinder. The halocarbon liquid agent was added last to the cylinder by weight to the desired mass ratio and then the cylinder was pressurized with nitrogen gas. A total weight was determined. The total weight included the nitrogen overpressure. The cylinder with the powder, the halocarbon agent, gelling agent, surfactant system and nitrogen was then shaken (mixed) until the mixture blended (gelled) together. This gelling effect was noticeable as the cylinder was being shaken. The cylinder was then attached to the discharge system. After a one minute pre-burn the agent was discharged into the chamber.
• the cylinder post weight was measured to determine the amount of powder left in the cylinder (all of the gaseous agent was discharged) . From previous testing done, a composition of 45 percent powder to 55 percent halocarbon agent by mass was first tried. The first test conducted was of the 45 percent APP (7 micron average particle size) powder and 55 percent HFC-134a by mass to determine if the agent would flow through the piping system. The doors on the test chamber were left open and the agent was observed being expelled through the agent discharge pipe network. The fire was 35 kW and was extinguished prior to the end of the discharge. The test was considered to be a success. The agent weight was felt to be excessive since the fire was extinguished during the agent discharge and the test chamber doors were open.
• the next step in the testing was to find the lower bounds, by mass, needed to extinguish the fire.
• the powder mass in the blend was lowered; however, the percent composition was kept at 45 percent by mass composition.
• the test chamber doors were kept closed throughout the rest of the testing.
• Tell tale fires consisting of 2 inch diameter cups 4 inches tall with 2 in heptane were placed in all eight corners, top and bottom of the test chamber to determine the agent mixing characteristics in the test chamber.
• the total agent weight was lowered to approximately two pounds (powder plus halocarbon agent) .
• the fire extinguishing effectiveness was equal to or better than the existing Halons in total flooding and streaming applications.
• a composition of the invention was prepared following the general procedure of Example 1, supra., mixing the following ingredients. 100 gms of ammonium polyphosphate (Phos-Chek*. supra.) having an average particle size of 7 micron. 125 gms of HFC 134a, supra. 0.2 gms of Zonyl* FSN, supra. 1.0 gms of Ant rox* BL-240, supra. 0.5 gms of Coke* 84, supra., gelling agent. Upon actuation, 92.7 percent of the particle expelled in a homogeneous, uninterrupted flow.
• Phos-Chek*. supra. ammonium polyphosphate having an average particle size of 7 micron. 125 gms of HFC 134a, supra. 0.2 gms of Zonyl* FSN, supra. 1.0 gms of Ant rox* BL-240, supra. 0.5 gms of Coke* 84, supra., gelling agent.

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• 1998
  • 1998-09-01 EP EP98942335A patent/EP1131136A4/de not_active Withdrawn

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