EP1144732A2 - Procede pour produire une surface ultraphobe a base d'aluminium - Google Patents

Procede pour produire une surface ultraphobe a base d'aluminium

Info

Publication number
EP1144732A2
EP1144732A2 EP99968372A EP99968372A EP1144732A2 EP 1144732 A2 EP1144732 A2 EP 1144732A2 EP 99968372 A EP99968372 A EP 99968372A EP 99968372 A EP99968372 A EP 99968372A EP 1144732 A2 EP1144732 A2 EP 1144732A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
steam
ultraphobic
treatment
seconds
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP99968372A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karsten Reihs
Daniel-Gordon Duff
Georg Wiessmeier
Burkhard KÖHLER
Matthias Voetz
Juan Gonz Lez-Blanco
Eckard Wenz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qiagen GmbH
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Publication of EP1144732A2 publication Critical patent/EP1144732A2/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ner process for producing an ultraphobic surface on aluminum as a carrier material and the surface obtained thereafter and its use.
  • the surface of an aluminum support optionally electrochemically pickled in acidic solution with an alternating voltage, in particular anodized by anodic oxidation, treated in hot water or steam at a temperature of 50 to 100 ° C, optionally coated with an adhesion promoter layer and then coated with a hydrophobic or especially provided oleophobic coating.
  • Ultraphobic surfaces are characterized by the fact that the contact angle of a drop of a liquid, usually water, lying on the surface is significantly more than 90 ° and that the roll angle does not exceed 10 °.
  • Ultraphobic surfaces with a contact angle> 150 ° and the roll angle mentioned above have a very high technical benefit because they e.g. are not wettable with water but also with oil, dirt particles adhere very poorly to these surfaces and these surfaces are self-cleaning.
  • Self-cleaning is understood here to mean the ability of the surface to easily release dirt or dust particles adhering to the surface to liquids that flow over the surface.
  • EP 476 510 AI discloses a method for producing an ultraphobic surface, in which a metal oxide film is applied to a glass surface and then etched using an Ar plasma.
  • the surfaces produced using this method have the disadvantage that the contact angle of a drop lying on the surface is less than 150 °.
  • US Pat. No. 5,693,236 also teaches a number of processes for the production of ultraphobic surfaces, in which zinc oxide microneedles are brought onto a surface with a binder and are then partially exposed in different ways (for example by plasma treatment). The surface structured in this way is then coated with a water-repellent agent. Surfaces structured in this way, however, also only have contact angles of up to 150 °.
  • the roll angle here is understood to be the angle of inclination of a fundamentally planar but structured surface against the horizontal, at which a standing water drop of volume 10 ⁇ l is moved due to gravity when the surface is inclined.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by providing a method for producing an ultraphobic surface on aluminum as the carrier material, characterized in that the surface of an aluminum carrier, in particular anodized by anodization, is treated in hot water or steam at a temperature of 50 to 100 ° C., if appropriate is coated with an adhesion promoter layer and then provided with a hydrophobic or in particular oleophobic coating.
  • An aluminum surface in the sense of the invention the surface of each shaped body made of aluminum or an alloy based on aluminum as well as the surface of a shaped body made of any material to which an aluminum layer or a layer of an alloy based on aluminum has been preferably vapor-deposited is.
  • a preferred alloy based on aluminum is AlMg 3 .
  • a preferred alternative of the method is characterized in that the surface is exposed to an electrical alternating voltage of> 5 volts for at least 5 seconds before the water or steam treatment and / or optionally the anodic oxidation in an aqueous acid solution ( ⁇ pH 5) is, whereby the water or steam treatment can also be omitted.
  • the current density in the AC voltage treatment is particularly preferably greater than 1 mA / cm 2 .
  • the surface is advantageously exposed to an alkaline aqueous solution (pH> 9) for at least 10 seconds before the water or steam treatment and / or before the anodic oxidation and / or before the AC voltage treatment.
  • an alkaline aqueous solution pH> 9
  • This aluminum surface is optionally anodized.
  • the anodic oxidation is preferably carried out in 0.6 to 1.4, particularly preferably 0.9 to 1.4, in sulfuric acid, chromic acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid or a mixture thereof, preferably with continuous electrolyte movement under preferably laminar flow conditions.
  • the electrolyte temperature is preferably 16 to 24 ° C, particularly preferably 19 to 21 ° C.
  • An AlMg 3 semi-hard electrode is preferably used as the counter electrode.
  • the distance of this electrode from the aluminum surface is preferably 3 to 7 cm, particularly preferably
  • the current density during the oxidation is preferably set to
  • the aluminum surface is sealed with hot water or steam.
  • the surface is exposed to hot water or steam at 50 to 100 ° C.
  • the water or the steam preferably has a temperature of 90 to 100 ° C.
  • the surface is sealed with hot water for 300 to 1000 seconds, very particularly preferably 500 to 800 seconds.
  • the sample is preferably dried at a preferred temperature range of 70 to 90 ° C., preferably 40 to 80 minutes.
  • the hot water treatment can also be carried out with a water / solvent mixture, the surface then preferably being exposed to the steam mixture.
  • the surfaces thus obtained are provided with a hydrophobic or, in particular, oleophobic coating.
  • a hydrophobic material in the sense of the invention is a material which shows a contact angle with respect to water of greater than 90 ° on a flat, non-structured surface.
  • An oleophobic material in the sense of the invention is a material which, on a flat, unstructured surface, has a contact angle with respect to long-chain n-alkanes, such as n-decane, of greater than 90 °.
  • the ultraphobic surface preferably has a coating with a hydrophobic phobicization aid, in particular an anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic, surface-active compound.
  • a hydrophobic phobicization aid in particular an anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic, surface-active compound.
  • Surfactant compounds with any molecular weight are to be regarded as phobicization aids. These compounds are preferably cationic, anionic, amophotere or non-ionic surface-active compounds, as described, for example, in the “Surfactants Europe, A Dictionary of Surface Active Agents available in Europe, Edited by Gordon L. Hollis, Royal Socity of Chemistry , Cambridge, 1995.
  • anionic phobing aids alkyl sulfates, ether sulfates, ether carboxylates, phosphate esters, sulfosucinates, sulfosuccinatamides, paraffin sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, sarcosinates, isothionates, taurates and Lingnine compounds.
  • Quaternary alkylammonium compounds and imidazoles may be mentioned as cationic phobicization aids
  • Amphoteric phobicization aids are, for example, betaines, glycinates, propionates and imidazoles.
  • nonionic phobing aids examples include: alkoxylates, alkyloamides, esters, amine oxides and alkypolyglycosides. Also suitable are: reaction products of alkylene oxides with alkylatable compounds, such as e.g. Fatty alcohols, fatty amines, fatty acids, phenols, alkylphenols, arylalkylphenols, such as styrene-phenol condensates, carboxamides and resin acids.
  • alkylatable compounds such as e.g. Fatty alcohols, fatty amines, fatty acids, phenols, alkylphenols, arylalkylphenols, such as styrene-phenol condensates, carboxamides and resin acids.
  • Phobicizing aids are particularly preferred in which 1 to 100%, particularly preferably 60 to 95%, of the hydrogen atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms.
  • Examples include perfluorinated alkyl sulfate, perfluorinated alkyl sulfonates, perfluorinated alkyl phosphonates, perfluorinated alkyl phosphinates and perfluorinated carboxylic acids.
  • polymeric phobicization aids for hydrophobic coating or as polymeric hydrophobic material for the surface.
  • These polymeric phobicization aids can be nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric compounds.
  • these polymeric phobicization aids can be homopolymers and copolymers, graft and graft copolymers and random block polymers.
  • Particularly preferred polymerizing auxiliaries are those of the type AB, BAB and ABC block polymers. In the AB or BAB block polymers, the A segment is a hydrophilic homopolymer or copolymer and the B block is a hydrophobic homopolymer or copolymer or a salt thereof.
  • Anionic, polymeric phobicization aids are also particularly preferred, in particular condensation products of aromatic sulfonic acids with formaldehyde and alkylnaphthalene sulfonic acids or from formaldehyde, naphthalenesulfonic acids and / or benzenesulfonic acids, condensation products from optionally substituted phenol with formaldehyde and sodium bisulfite.
  • condensation products which can be obtained by reacting naphthols with alkanols, additions of alkylene oxide and at least partial conversion of the terminal hydroxyl groups into sulfo groups or half esters of maleic acid and phthalic acid or succinic acid.
  • the phobicization aid is from the group of the sulfosuccinic acid esters and alkylbenzenesulfonates.
  • Sulfated, alkoxylated fatty acids or their salts are also preferred.
  • Alkoxylated fatty acid alcohols are understood in particular to be those with 5 to 120, with 6 to 60, very particularly preferably with 7 to 30 ethylene oxide units, C 6 -C 2 fatty acid alcohols which are saturated or unsaturated, in particular stearyl alcohol.
  • the sulfated alkoxylated fatty acid alcohols are preferably present as a salt, in particular as an alkali or amine salt, preferably as a diethylamine salt.
  • adhesion promoter layer In order to improve the adhesion of the hydrophobic or oleophobic coating on the sealed surface, it can be advantageous to first coat the surface with an adhesion promoter layer.
  • An adhesive layer may therefore be applied between the sealed surface and the hydrophobic or oleophobic coating.
  • an adhesion promoter Substance familiar to the person in question, which increases the bond between the surface and the respective hydrophobic or oleophobic coating.
  • Preferred adhesion promoters for example for thiols as a hydrophobic coating, are noble metal layers, for example made of Au, Pt or Ag, or layers of GaAs, in particular of gold.
  • the layer thickness of the adhesion promoter layer is preferably from 10 to 100 nm.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to produce ultraphobic surfaces in which the contact angle of a drop lying on the surface is> 155 °.
  • the invention therefore also relates to the ultraphobic surfaces obtained by the process according to the invention.
  • ultraphobic surfaces have the advantage, among other things, that they are self-cleaning, and the self-cleaning can be carried out by exposing the surface to rain or moving water from time to time. Due to the ultraphobic surface, the water drops roll on the surface and dirt particles, which adhere very poorly to the surface, deposit on the surface of the rolling pots and are thus removed from the ultraphobic surface. This self-cleaning works not only in contact with water but also with oil.
  • ship hulls With the ultraphobic surface produced by the method according to the invention, ship hulls can be coated in order to reduce their frictional resistance.
  • sanitary facilities in particular toilet bowls, can be provided with the ultraphobic surface produced by the process according to the invention in order to make them self-cleaning. Because water is not on the with the Ultrafobic surface produced according to the method adheres, it is suitable as a rust preventive for base metals of any kind.
  • ultraphobic surface is the coating of surfaces on which no water should adhere in order to avoid icing.
  • the surfaces of heat exchangers are an example here. in refrigerators or the surfaces of aircraft called.
  • the surfaces produced with the method according to the invention are also suitable for attachment to house facades, roofs, monuments in order to make them self-cleaning.
  • the ultraphobic surfaces produced by the process according to the invention are also particularly suitable for coating shaped articles which are translucent.
  • it is translucent glazing of buildings, vehicles, solar panels.
  • a thin layer of the ultraphobic surface according to the invention is evaporated onto the molded body.
  • the invention also relates to a material or building material having an ultraphobic surface according to the invention.
  • Another object of the invention is the use of the ultraphobic surface according to the invention for the friction-reducing lining of vehicle bodies, aircraft or ship hulls.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the ultraphobic surface according to the invention as a self-cleaning coating or planking of buildings, roofs, windows, ceramic building materials, for example for sanitary facilities, household appliances.
  • the invention further relates to the use of the ultraphobic surface according to the invention as a rust-protecting coating of metal objects.
  • an aluminum layer is structured and then provided with a hydrophobic coating.
  • An aluminum sheet or an aluminum layer on another carrier can be used as the aluminum layer. The following combinations of process steps are used for structuring:
  • a roll-polished AlMg 3 sheet with an area of 20 ⁇ 50 mm 2 and a thickness of 0.5 mm was degreased with distilled chloroform.
  • the sheet was then in In H SO 4 with continuous electrolyte movement in laminar flow conditions anodized.
  • the electrolyte temperature was controlled to a constant 20 ° C with a thermostat.
  • the distance between the surface of the sheet and the counter electrode made of Al (99.5) semi-hard was 5 cm.
  • the current density was controlled at 10 mA / cm 2 during the anodic oxidation.
  • the sheet was rinsed in distilled water for 5 minutes and then in methanol for 1 minute and then dried at room temperature. After drying, the sheet was sealed in a beaker that had previously been boiled several times in distilled water in distilled water at 100 ° C for 600 seconds. After this treatment, the sheet was rinsed with methanol and dried at 80 ° C in an oven for one hour.
  • the sheet treated in this way was coated with an approximately 50 nm thick gold layer by sputtering.
  • This coating corresponds to the method which is also customary for preparation in electron microscopy and is described by Klaus Wetzig, Dietrich Schulze, "In situ Scanning Electron Microscopy in Material Research", page 36-40, Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995.
  • the gold layer of the sample was coated with a few drops of a solution of n-decanethiol in ethanol (1 g / 1) at room temperature in a closed vessel for 24 hours, then rinsed with ethanol and dried.
  • the surface has a static contact angle of> 150 °. If the surface is inclined by ⁇ 10 °, a drop of water with a volume of 10 ⁇ l rolls off.
  • the AlMg 3 sheet was treated exactly as in Example 1, but was not anodized.
  • the surface for water has a static contact angle of> 160 °. If the surface is inclined by ⁇ 5 °, a drop of water with a volume of 10 ⁇ l rolls off.
  • the surface has a static contact angle of> 155 °. If the surface is inclined by ⁇ 5 °, a drop of water with a volume of 10 ⁇ l rolls off.
  • the AlMg sheet was treated exactly as in Example 3, but was not anodized.
  • the surface for water has a static contact angle of> 155 °. If the surface is inclined by ⁇ 5 °, a drop of water with a volume of 10 ⁇ l rolls off.
  • Example 5 (Type C)
  • a roll-polished Al sheet with an area of 20 ⁇ 50 mm 2 and a thickness of 0.5 mm was treated with distilled chloroform, then in aqueous NaOH (5 g / 1) at 50 ° C. for 20 seconds.
  • the sheet treated in this way was coated with an approximately 50 nm thick gold layer by sputtering. Finally, the sample was coated with a few drops of a solution of n-decanethiol in ethanol (1 g / 1) at room temperature in a closed vessel for 24 hours, then rinsed with ethanol and dried.
  • the surface has a static contact angle of> 165 °. If the surface is inclined by ⁇ 10 °, a water drop with a volume of 10 ⁇ l rolls off.
  • Example 5 the sheet was treated as in Example 5 after the anodic oxidation in a beaker in distilled water at 100 ° C. for 600 seconds. After this treatment, the sheet was rinsed with methanol and dried at 80 ° C in an oven for one hour. The procedure was then continued as described in Example 5.
  • the surface has a static contact angle of> 172 °. If the surface is inclined by ⁇ 10 °, a water drop with a volume of 10 ⁇ l rolls off.
  • Example 6 The procedure was as in Example 6, but without anodic oxidation.
  • the surface has a static contact angle of> 152 ° for water. If the surface is inclined by ⁇ 10 °, a water drop with a volume of 10 ⁇ l rolls off.
  • Example 5 Instead of the Al sheet in Example 5, a 3 ⁇ m thick Al layer was used, which was applied to a glass support by atomization.
  • the surface has a static contact angle of> 168 ° for water. If the surface is inclined by ⁇ 10 °, a water drop with a volume of 10 ⁇ l rolls off.
  • a roll-polished Al sheet with an area of 20 ⁇ 50 mm 2 and a thickness of 0.5 mm was treated with distilled chloroform and then in aqueous NaOH (5 g / 1) at 50 ° C. for 20 seconds. After 30 seconds rinsing in dist. Water was anodized for 90 sec in H2SO4 (200 g / 1) at 25 ° C with a current density of 30 mA / cm 2 at 50 V DC. Then 30 sec in dist. Rinsed water and dried.
  • the sheet treated in this way was coated with an approximately 50 nm thick gold layer by sputtering. Finally, the sample was coated with a few drops of a solution of n-decanethiol in ethanol (1 g / 1) at room temperature in a closed vessel for 24 hours, then rinsed with ethanol and dried.
  • the surface has a static contact angle of> 131 °. If the surface is inclined up to 90 °, no water drops will roll off.
  • a roll-polished Al sheet as in Example 5 was treated with distilled chloroform and then in aqueous NaOH (5 g / 1) at 50 ° C. for 20 seconds.
  • the sheet was then preheated in H3PO4 (100 g / 1) for 20 seconds, then in dist. Rinsed water and then 90 sec in a mixture of HCl / H3BO3
  • the surface has a static contact angle of> 139 °. If the surface is inclined up to 90 °, no water drops will roll off.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour produire une surface ultraphobe sur un substrat en aluminium, la surface ainsi obtenue et l'utilisation de cette dernière. Selon ce procédé, la surface d'un substrat en aluminium est anodisée en particulier par oxydation anodique et/ou attaquée dans une solution acide par voie électrochimique au moyen d'une tension alternative, puis traitée dans l'eau chaude ou dans la vapeur d'eau à une température comprise entre 50 et 100 °C, éventuellement revêtue avec une couche d'agent adhésif, puis avec un revêtement hydrophobe ou en particulier oléophobe.
EP99968372A 1998-12-24 1999-12-22 Procede pour produire une surface ultraphobe a base d'aluminium Ceased EP1144732A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19860138 1998-12-24
DE19860138 1998-12-24
PCT/EP1999/010324 WO2000039368A2 (fr) 1998-12-24 1999-12-22 Procede pour produire une surface ultraphobe a base d'aluminium

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1144732A2 true EP1144732A2 (fr) 2001-10-17

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EP99968372A Ceased EP1144732A2 (fr) 1998-12-24 1999-12-22 Procede pour produire une surface ultraphobe a base d'aluminium

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6652669B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1144732A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2538900A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000039368A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2000039368A2 (fr) 2000-07-06
AU2538900A (en) 2000-07-31
US6652669B1 (en) 2003-11-25
WO2000039368A3 (fr) 2000-11-09

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