EP1155596B1 - Elektromagnetische rühreinrichtung einer metallschmelze - Google Patents

Elektromagnetische rühreinrichtung einer metallschmelze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1155596B1
EP1155596B1 EP00907728A EP00907728A EP1155596B1 EP 1155596 B1 EP1155596 B1 EP 1155596B1 EP 00907728 A EP00907728 A EP 00907728A EP 00907728 A EP00907728 A EP 00907728A EP 1155596 B1 EP1155596 B1 EP 1155596B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
crucible
installation
container
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00907728A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1155596A1 (de
Inventor
Roland Ernst
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
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Publication of EP1155596A1 publication Critical patent/EP1155596A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/34—Arrangements for circulation of melts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/06—Induction heating, i.e. in which the material being heated, or its container or elements embodied therein, form the secondary of a transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/22—Furnaces without an endless core
    • H05B6/24—Crucible furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
    • F27B2014/0812—Continuously charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
    • F27D2099/0015—Induction heating
    • F27D2099/0016—Different magnetic fields, e.g. two coils, different characteristics of the same coil along its length or different parts of the same coil used
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2213/00—Aspects relating both to resistive heating and to induction heating, covered by H05B3/00 and H05B6/00
    • H05B2213/02—Stirring of melted material in melting furnaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to installations for induction treatment of molten metal materials, like for example the brewing facilities, organization movements, and / or preparation of metallic materials.
  • the invention relates more particularly to such installations using an inductive crucible and among these, the installations in which the crucible is intended, not only to organize the induction mixing of a molten metal, but also to heat this metal by induction.
  • the invention applies to such inductive crucible installations, whether whether it is a continuous casting plant or not.
  • the present invention will be described below in relationship with an inductive cold crucible, but note that it more generally applies to any other installation in which of the molten metal is in a magnetic field.
  • the use of a crucible cold is often preferred to a crucible made of refractory material when the metallic material to be produced requires a high degree of purity, insofar as a cold crucible minimizes pollution of the treated material.
  • Figure 1 shows, schematically, an installation classic of making a metallic material by induction from an inductive cold crucible.
  • Such an installation comprises a cooled crucible 1, for example, by circulation of water inside its wall, and intended to contain the material to be melted.
  • a cooled crucible for example, by circulation of water inside its wall, and intended to contain the material to be melted.
  • Figure 1 the constituent details of the crucible walls have not been shown for the sake of clarity.
  • the means of circulation coolant in the thickness of the walls have not been illustrated.
  • An inductor usually a coil 2 surrounds the crucible 1 and is connected, by its two ends, to the terminals of a single-phase alternating voltage generator 3.
  • a capacitor C is connected in parallel on generator 3, i.e. across coil 2.
  • the metallic material to be melted in the crucible is introduced therein, for example, in the form of chips m.
  • chips m are introduced continuously, usually through a weir 4.
  • the magnetic field caused by the inductor 2 heats the material contained in the crucible 1.
  • the frequency of the current alternator of excitation of inductor 2 depends, in particular, on diameter of crucible 1 and the electrical resistivity of material contained therein. How perfectly known, the electrical resistivity of the material and the frequency of excitation of the inductor 2 condition the skin thickness electromagnetic ( ⁇ ).
  • the desired skin thickness depends on the applications. For example, in the case of an ingot mold, the desired skin thickness is as small as possible while being sufficient not to harm the thermal efficiency in because of the cold walls of the crucible. For example particular, for a crucible with a diameter of around 10 centimeters, we generally want to have a thickness of electromagnetic skin on the order of 1 to 10 millimeters.
  • a cold crucible is a sectored crucible, that is to say provided with vertical sectors isolated from each other to avoid looping of induced currents around the perimeter of the crucible.
  • the free surface of the metal bath is present in the form of a liquid dome whose profile results the balance between hydrostatic pressure and pressure electromagnetic from the single-phase inductor 2.
  • an electromagnetic stirring force which is a force with a radial component always centrifugal on the surface of the cane bath illustrates the arrows in figure 1.
  • a first problem is related to the need to have a polyphase induction generator, therefore two generators voltage out of phase with each other.
  • induction generators medium frequency (around ten kilohertz) for which it is necessary to have an electronic circuit power to make the generator (3, figure 1) so to supply inductor 2 with a current of different frequency distribution frequency.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks conventional inductive crucible installations.
  • the invention aims, in particular, to propose a new installation allowing to organize the stirring of the molten metal bath, to will, in a centripetal or in a centrifugal sense.
  • the invention aims to propose a new solution to induction brewing problems in containers of molten metal.
  • the present invention also aims to provide a new solution for performing a multiphase generation which is economically viable.
  • the invention aims, in particular, to propose a solution that does not require multiplication power switches for applications requiring medium frequency induction.
  • the present invention also aims to provide a solution that can be fed from a source single phase electric.
  • the invention further aims to propose a solution which no problem of synchronization of the different phases between them.
  • the capacitor values are a function of the frequency of the generator and the desired skin thickness inside the container.
  • the combined inductors of the two windings are a function of the heating intensity inside the crucible.
  • the installation also comprises at least a third winding whose terminals are connected to a third capacitor, the third winding being formed of at least two windings associated in opposition series.
  • the same elements have been designated by the same references to the different figures. For reasons of clarity, only elements of an induction heating installation which are necessary for the understanding of the invention have been shown in the figures and will be described later.
  • the means for removing the liquid metal for example, the ingot drawing means
  • the invention applies equally well to a crucible (cold or refractory) of an ingot mold than a crucible intended to be emptied by overturning. More generally, it will be noted that the invention can be implemented in any installation using an inductive means around a metal container in fusion, for the purpose of organizing metal movements.
  • electromagnetic brewers in which the metal is heated by induction, by arc, at using a plasma torch, or others
  • pumps electromagnetic and more generally of any installation in which there are problems related to the diameters of the container (crucible, pipe, etc.)
  • a feature of the present invention is provide, around a container of molten metal, at least two windings each consisting of two windings in series opposite, only one of the windings being connected to the terminals of a single-phase generator.
  • the other winding (s) constitute induced or secondary windings by being closed by means of a capacitor.
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents a mode production of an induction heating installation, for example continuous casting, according to the present invention.
  • the container is a crucible cold.
  • the installation is based on the use of a cold crucible 1 sectorized, that is to say comprising several cooled vertical sectors, for example, by circulation of water and which are assembled to each other to form a tubular structure.
  • a cold crucible 1 sectorized that is to say comprising several cooled vertical sectors, for example, by circulation of water and which are assembled to each other to form a tubular structure.
  • the crucible has been shown in section and without showing the means conventional cooling for clarity.
  • a first winding 5 is surrounded around the crucible 1 and is connected by its two ends to the terminals of a single-phase alternating generator 3 in parallel with a capacitor C.
  • the winding 5 is consisting of at least two coils 51 and 52 associated in series-opposition, i.e. wrapped in opposite directions around crucible 1.
  • at least a second winding 6 is also wound around crucible 1 and is connected at both ends to the terminals of a capacitor VS'.
  • This second winding 6 comprises, like the first winding 5, at least two coils 61, 63 associated in series opposition.
  • windings 5 and 6 are nested one in the other, that is to say that the coils are arranged successively in the height of the crucible so as to alternate a coil from the first winding with a coil from the second winding.
  • the second winding 6 plays the role of an induced circuit whose energy comes from the first winding 5.
  • Figure 3 shows the electrical circuit of the installation of figure 2. This figure shows the elements described in connection with FIG. 2 and illustrated by a view in perspective, the direction of the coils of windings 5 and 6 in opposition series. Note that, in Figure 2, the direction of traffic current in the respective coils has been indicated by the usual notations (x,.) in electromagnetism.
  • Winding 5 forms, with capacitor C, a first oscillating circuit connected to generator 3 and constituting a first phase of excitation of the polyphase system.
  • the second winding 6, spatially offset from the first winding 5 forms, with the capacitor C ', a second oscillating circuit.
  • This second oscillating circuit is finds in magnetic interaction through its mutual inductance with the first oscillating circuit. We can then, by dimensioning, ensuring that the magnetic field resulting from the superposition of the two phases in the presence of a sliding field likely to generate an electromagnetic driving force of pumping on the induced metal contained in crucible 1.
  • the respective dimensions of the windings and capacitors depend on the application and, in particular, the frequency of the generator 3, the diameter of the crucible 1, and the desired skin thickness in the metal.
  • the number of turns of the coils of the same winding is identical.
  • the products LC ⁇ 2 and L'C' ⁇ 2 where L and L 'represent the respective inductances of the windings 5 and 6 and where ⁇ represents the pulsation of the single-phase generator 3, are as close as possible to the unit in order to optimize the operation of the oscillating circuits.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that it allows to reverse the direction of mixing of the bath as illustrated by the arrows of Figure 2, by means of a single-phase generator. So, in the case of a low frequency corresponding to the frequency of the alternative power network (50 or 60 hertz), it is not now no longer necessary to have a polyphase power supply and an installation according to the invention can be connected directly on a single-phase connection to the distribution network. In the case of an installation that requires generation medium frequency, the present invention has the advantage of require only one single-phase generator, which reduces considerably the cost of installation by reducing the number of power switches required.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that the synchronization of the induced phase (phase obtained by the winding secondary), or induced phases in the case where several secondary windings are used, no problem particular.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that the system is particularly stable once adapted to the application.
  • the elements (inductors and capacitors) used by the present invention to generate the additional phase or phases are not likely to go out of whack as it could be the case of active elements (high power switches).
  • FIG 4 illustrates, in a perspective view in section, the schematic structure of a cold inductive crucible according to the present invention. This figure shows the sectors s of the crucible 1 which are electrically isolated from each other. In the example of Figure 4, each coil 61, 51, 62, 52 has four turns.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates that the number number of molten metal stirring wheels depends on the number of sectors from the crucible. So, not only the reversal of the sense of stirring by means of a polyphase system according to the present invention promotes the inclusion of particles in the center of the bath, but, in this application, mixing is also favored by the sectorized structure of the crucible which improves mixing.
  • Brewing speeds depend on the intensity of the currents i1 and i2, therefore of the intensity of the current delivered by the generator 3.
  • phase shift of the order of 20 to 40 ° is sufficient in terms of efficiency for the brewing operated by the system of the invention.
  • phase angle between the two oscillating circuits is adjustable by the respective values of capacitors and inductors used. However, like this has been indicated previously, this phase angle is stable a times fixed by the dimensions of these elements.
  • capacitors with values on the order of 20 ⁇ F with windings whose respective own inductances are around 2 ⁇ H and whose resistances are around one thirty m ⁇ .
  • the present invention is capable of various variants and modifications which will appear to the man of art.
  • the invention has been described above in connection with a two-phase system, it can also be implemented with more than two phases.
  • the greater the number of phases the more the system is controllable, for example, to stir the metal in fusion on a higher height.
  • Adaptation of the system described above at a larger number of phases is at the reach of the skilled person. We will however take care to respect the interweaving of the different windings in the height of the crucible as well as the associations in series opposition of the windings constituting the various windings.
  • the choice of the number of turns per coil, the number of coils per winding and arrangement of turns is within the reach of the skilled person from the indications data above.
  • the section of the turns will depend of course the intensity of the currents, and the arrangement in the height of the crucible will depend on the height of the crucible and the number of coils.
  • the level liquid metal medium will be chosen to correspond approximately in the middle of the height of the first winding 51 of the first winding 5. The increase in the number of coils of the same winding increases (by cumulative effect due to the increase interaction height) the pumping force, so brewing efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Distillation Of Fermentation Liquor, Processing Of Alcohols, Vinegar And Beer (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Ein Aufbau zum Verarbeiten eines metallischen Materials in einem Behälter durch Induktion, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er folgendes aufweist:
    eine erste Wicklung (5) die in Serie zumindest eine erste Spule (51) mit zumindest einer Windung und zumindest eine zweite Spule (52) mit zumindest einer Windung aufweist, und zwar gewickelt in entgegengesetzte Richtungen um den Behälter (1), wobei die erste Wicklung zwei Endanschlüsse hat, die für ein Verbinden mit einer Wechselstromversorgungsquelle (3) und über einen ersten Kondensator (C) vorgesehen sind; und
    zumindest eine zweite Wicklung (6), die in Serie zumindest eine erste Spule (61) mit zumindest einer Windung und zumindest eine zweite Spule (62) mit zumindest einer Windung aufweist, und zwar gewickelt in entgegensetzten Richtungen um den Behälter durch überlappendes oder dachziegelartiges Anordnen in der ersten Wicklung (5), wobei die Enden der zweiten Wicklung (6) vorgesehen sind für ein Verbinden über einen zweiten Kondensator (C').
  2. Aufbau nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kondensatoren (C, C') von der Frequenz der Wechselstromversorgungsquelle (3) abhängen und von der erwünschten Eindringtiefe innerhalb des Behälters (1).
  3. Aufbau nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, und zwar zum Erwärmen durch Induktion in einem induktiven Tiegel, der den Behälter bildet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die kombinierten Induktivitäten der zwei Wicklungen (5, 6) eine Funktion der Erwärmungsintensität sind, die innerhalb des Tiegels (1) gewünscht ist.
  4. Aufbau nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ferner zumindest eine dritte Wicklung aufweist, deren Anschlüsse mit einem dritten Kondensator verbunden sind, wobei die dritte Wicklung aus zumindest zwei Spulen, die einander serieller entgegengesetzt zugeordnet sind.
EP00907728A 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Elektromagnetische rühreinrichtung einer metallschmelze Expired - Lifetime EP1155596B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9902655A FR2790354B1 (fr) 1999-02-26 1999-02-26 Brassage electromagnetique d'un metal en fusion
FR9902655 1999-02-26
PCT/FR2000/000476 WO2000051400A1 (fr) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Brassage electromagnetique d'un metal en fusion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1155596A1 EP1155596A1 (de) 2001-11-21
EP1155596B1 true EP1155596B1 (de) 2003-08-13

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00907728A Expired - Lifetime EP1155596B1 (de) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Elektromagnetische rühreinrichtung einer metallschmelze

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6618426B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1155596B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002538586A (de)
AT (1) ATE247371T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2921700A (de)
DE (1) DE60004488T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2204522T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2790354B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2000051400A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BRPI0203467B1 (pt) * 2001-01-08 2020-11-10 Inductotherm Corp. sistema de forno de indução e método de fundir e aquecer indutivamente um material eletricamente condutor em um cadinho
US7350559B2 (en) * 2002-12-16 2008-04-01 Energetics Technologies, Llc Systems and methods of electromagnetic influence on electroconducting continuum
FR2857522A1 (fr) * 2003-07-10 2005-01-14 Centre Nat Rech Scient Installation de traitement par induction d'un fluide faiblement conducteur
US6993061B2 (en) * 2003-11-07 2006-01-31 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Operating an induction melter apparatus
US7072378B2 (en) * 2004-08-25 2006-07-04 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Induction heating apparatus and methods for selectively energizing an inductor in response to a measured electrical characteristic that is at least partially a function of a temperature of a material being heated
US7085305B2 (en) * 2004-08-25 2006-08-01 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Induction heating apparatus and methods of operation thereof
GB201015498D0 (en) 2010-09-16 2010-10-27 Univ Brunel Apparatus and method for liquid metal treatment
GB2529449B (en) 2014-08-20 2016-08-03 Cassinath Zen A device and method for high shear liquid metal treatment
US11877375B2 (en) 2016-07-06 2024-01-16 AMF Lifesystems, LLC Generating strong magnetic fields at low radio frequencies in larger volumes

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1330133A (en) * 1917-06-18 1920-02-10 Ajax Metal Company Oscillation spiral coil and connection
US1378187A (en) * 1918-10-09 1921-05-17 Ajax Electrothermic Corp Focus inductor-furnace
US1822539A (en) * 1929-03-09 1931-09-08 Ajax Electrothermic Corp Induction electric furnace
FR713498A (fr) * 1930-03-18 1931-10-28 Perfectionnements aux fours électriques à induction
US1986353A (en) * 1931-09-21 1935-01-01 Ajax Electrothermic Corp Induction furnace method and apparatus
FR1270387A (fr) * 1960-10-15 1961-08-25 Four de fusion à induction du type comportant un enroulement primaire extérieur au creuset
US3314670A (en) * 1963-11-15 1967-04-18 Inductotherm Corp Molten metal stirring apparatus
DE1549673A1 (de) * 1966-12-21 1971-04-08 Almex Ab Zeichenlese- und -uebertragungsvorrichtung
BE857189A (fr) * 1977-07-27 1978-01-27 Elphiac Sa Four a induction a creuset
WO1995022238A1 (de) * 1994-02-11 1995-08-17 Otto Junker Gmbh Verfahren zum betrieb von kernlosen induktionsschmelz- and/oder -warmhalteöfen sowie dafür geeignete elektrische schalteinheit
BRPI0203467B1 (pt) * 2001-01-08 2020-11-10 Inductotherm Corp. sistema de forno de indução e método de fundir e aquecer indutivamente um material eletricamente condutor em um cadinho

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2921700A (en) 2000-09-14
FR2790354A1 (fr) 2000-09-01
DE60004488T2 (de) 2004-06-17
WO2000051400A1 (fr) 2000-08-31
EP1155596A1 (de) 2001-11-21
ATE247371T1 (de) 2003-08-15
ES2204522T3 (es) 2004-05-01
FR2790354B1 (fr) 2001-06-15
DE60004488D1 (de) 2003-09-18
JP2002538586A (ja) 2002-11-12
US6618426B1 (en) 2003-09-09

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