EP1163380B1 - Filiere - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1163380B1
EP1163380B1 EP00909357A EP00909357A EP1163380B1 EP 1163380 B1 EP1163380 B1 EP 1163380B1 EP 00909357 A EP00909357 A EP 00909357A EP 00909357 A EP00909357 A EP 00909357A EP 1163380 B1 EP1163380 B1 EP 1163380B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure tube
pressure
spinneret
nozzle
nozzle orifice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00909357A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1163380A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Rennebeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1999111231 external-priority patent/DE19911231A1/de
Priority claimed from DE1999124286 external-priority patent/DE19924286B4/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1163380A1 publication Critical patent/EP1163380A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1163380B1 publication Critical patent/EP1163380B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
    • D01D4/027—Spinnerettes containing inserts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spinneret for the production of fiber filaments.
  • Such spinnerets work like an expansion valve through which the Spinning mass emerges under pressure reduction. By the exit of the Spinning mass caused cooling of the same forms on the extruded spinning mass first a skin and finally the filament as such. This process can be accelerated by additional cooling, drying or UV exposure.
  • the prior art spinnerets are made of solid materials, e.g. from steel, Ceramic, precious metals or plastics manufactured.
  • Spinnerets made from deep-drawn, perforated stainless steel sheets are common. Serve the perforations as nozzle openings for the exit of the spinning mass.
  • Such spinnerets have the disadvantage that they easily clog and are difficult to clean are.
  • a small one is already damaged and impaired Part of the nozzle openings, for example due to corrosion, the entire spinneret unusable and must be replaced.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the pressure stability of such spinnerets.
  • the spinneret according to the invention for the production of fiber filaments has at least a nozzle opening for the exit of the spinning mass, the at least a nozzle opening has a finite length 1 and in each nozzle opening removably a tubular insert is inserted through which the spinning mass is led outside.
  • the tubular insert essentially has one circular cross-section and is preferably chronic to its front end rejuvenated.
  • the spinning mass When the fiber filaments are spun out, the spinning mass becomes tubular Use guided before it comes out under pressure relief. If the tubular insert essentially over the entire length S of the nozzle opening extends, the spinning mass does not come into contact with the nozzle openings themselves, but only with the tubular insert or inserts. Since these are removably inserted into the nozzle opening or the nozzle openings the spinneret can be cleaned simply by removing the respective one Operations and cleaning of the same take place. In the event of wear or cannot be removed Contamination of individual inserts only has to be replaced by the affected insert which increases the life of the spinneret as a whole.
  • the tubular inserts whose inner diameter for the outer diameter determining the fiber filaments produced are preferably made of sapphire, Tantalum, elements of the eighth subgroup, tungsten, ceramic, natural stone or Plastic trained.
  • the tubular insert of each nozzle opening is preferably a coronet tube educated.
  • Such "tubular inserts” are referred to as “wreath tubes” one end of which is provided with a protuberance or a collar.
  • This collar or collar keeps the insert inside the nozzle opening.
  • the collar or wreath is on the pressure side of the spinneret, i.e. on the side on which the spinning mass is in the tubular insert entry.
  • the wreath tube is designed so that the wreath when the tube is in the spinneret is inserted flush on the surface of the pressure side of the spinneret rests.
  • tubular inserts are not directly in the nozzle openings, but rather inserted into an outer tube or an outer sleeve are which sleeve in turn into the nozzle opening, preferably from the spinning mass exit side forth, is used.
  • These sleeves or outer tubes can also be designed as a wreath tube, at one end or at both End wreaths or protuberances.
  • the sleeves can for example firmly connected to the spinneret by expansion in the manner of a hollow rivet connection could be.
  • the spinneret is made up of several layers that are sandwich-like are placed one on top of the other, this fixed outer tube can be used at the same time Cohesion or the connection of the individual layers can be guaranteed. It However, it is also possible to insert the sleeve also removably into the nozzle opening.
  • both solid and hollow fiber filaments can as well as multi-component filaments, in particular bicomponent filaments, getting produced.
  • the so-called filament lumen generator for the manufacturing solution of hollow fibers is in the tubular Use a pen, the so-called filament lumen generator, and preferably fixed so that it can be removed and replaced if necessary.
  • a A possible embodiment of such a filament lumen generator is shown below indicated with reference to the drawings.
  • another tubular insert in the first used to form two parallel fiber layers As materials the above in connection with the first tube-shaped insert specified materials.
  • the spinneret according to the invention has a pressure tube which has an inlet E for the spinning mass as well as one nozzle opening or several nozzle openings which in the essentially all are located on the same pressure pipe side.
  • This pressure pipe completely replaces the usual spinning heads.
  • the dope is made from the Spinning mass conveyor directly introduced into the inlet E, which is preferably a radial or inlet opening axially introduced into a pipe end.
  • the pipe axis shows in horizontal direction. The spinning mass is thus guided horizontally along the tube, optionally also an outlet A at the pipe end opposite the inlet E.
  • the pressure pipe is characterized by the property a higher spinning mass pressure with the same wall thickness and the same material endure as a comparable horizontal nozzle plate.
  • the pressure pipe is in the form of an Archimedean spiral formed, the inlet E at either the inner or the outer end of the pressure pipe and the nozzle openings on the underside of the Pressure pipe spiral are arranged. In this way, a particularly space-saving Realize spinneret design.
  • the spinneret comprises a plurality of pressure tubes which are stacked in the radial direction, each pressure tube, which is adjacent to a pressure tube above, has at least one upper connection opening, the number and the axial arrangement of the connection openings in the pressure tube corresponds to the number and arrangements of the nozzle openings of the pressure tube above and the outer diameter d a of each nozzle opening of the pressure tube above corresponds approximately to the inner diameter d i of the corresponding connection opening of the lower pressure tube.
  • the various pressure pipes can be placed on top of one another via the upper connection openings of the lower pipes and the nozzle openings of the pipes above each other and can thus be detachably connected to one another.
  • the pressure tube spinning nozzles can be cast after being placed on top of one another and, if appropriate, subsequently to be sintered or shrunk onto one another.
  • the spinning mass volume can be regulated in a simple manner.
  • the spinneret can have a pressure plate, wherein the at least one nozzle opening completely through the thickness d of Pressure plate extends through.
  • the pressure plate like the pressure tube of the first embodiment of the invention, made of sapphire, tantalum, materials of the eighth Sub-group, tungsten, ceramic, natural stone, in particular granite, or plastic, in particular PEEK or Victrex polymer.
  • the material is in essentially depending on the materials to be spun out. This is how tantalum or. Is used for spinning ceramic and metal melts Sapphire is preferred as the spinneret material, whereas for spinning solgel or polymers, preferably natural stone is used. Show tantalum spinnerets also has the advantage that the nozzle is connected to a voltage source for heating can be, of course, to put an ohmic load between is.
  • the pressure tube or the pressure plate has a stabilizing layer provided which made of a honeycomb or corrugated shaped material is produced, the at least one nozzle opening and the associated one tubular use of the pressure plate or the lowest pressure tube through the Extend thickness d of the stabilizing layer.
  • the stabilization layer extends horizontally below the pressure plate or the lowest pressure pipe.
  • the stabilizing layer is preferably made of thin sheet metal strips made of metal, tantalum, Steel or strips of ceramic foils or paper foils manufactured. With a suitable choice of material for the stabilizing layer the heat exchange with the nozzle pressure plate is improved, which, if necessary overheating of the spinning mass, as is often the case especially with heated spinning heads occurs, protected.
  • honeycomb or corrugated sheets are arranged so that the axes of the honeycombs extend substantially in the vertical direction or the Sinus structure can be seen in plan view.
  • These structures are fixed to the pressure plate or connected to the pressure pipe, optionally on one or both sides on the stabilizing layer a layer of ceramic foil or natural stone, a metal sheet or a prepreg layer is applied.
  • the coatings of the stabilization layer facilitates the handling of this layer, in particular prepreg material as a coating in connection with the spinning of solgel is preferred because Solgel is spun at room temperature and thus the Use of heat-resistant materials is unnecessary.
  • the nozzle openings extend of course through all layers of the composite formed in this way.
  • This stabilizing layer gives the nozzle a high bending stiffness as well as high compressive strength, while at the same time allowing the pressure plate to execute itself relatively thin. This has the advantage that despite the high Compressive strength the spinneret can be carried out in super lightweight construction.
  • the individual layers can be connected to one another, for example, by conventional means Gluing done.
  • the at least one nozzle opening preferably has a diameter of approximately 2 to 200 microns, and especially from about 2 to 10 microns. These little ones Nozzle openings can be created precisely using micro-perforations with lasers.
  • FIG 1 the basic arrangement of a tubular insert I according to an embodiment of the invention shown in longitudinal section.
  • the spinneret points here on the pressure side a pressure plate 2, an underlying stabilization layer 3 and an additional coating 4 on the low pressure side.
  • the Coating 4 can be, for example, a prepreg layer.
  • the shown ratio of the thicknesses d of the pressure plate 2 and the additional layer 4 not to be considered restrictive.
  • the print layer 2 becomes thicker be designed as the additional layer 4, which is essentially the conclusion and serves the easier handling of the entire sandwich construction.
  • the stabilization layer can, as already described, from honeycomb or corrugated cardboard formed material can be formed, wherein in Figure 1, the sinus structure of the Corrugated cardboard layer is for illustration only: In fact, the corrugated cardboard structure arranged in such a way that in plan view, and not in longitudinal section like here, would result in a sine structure.
  • the pressure side of the pressure plate can be used for stiffening and improved guidance of the spinning mass flow structured, preferably corrugated or pleated, (not shown in the figure), the structures by in Cross beads offset at an angle of about 90 ° to them in connection stand.
  • the tubular insert 1 extends essentially over the entire length S the nozzle. It has a wreath-shaped protuberance on the pressure side which it is held in the nozzle opening.
  • the tubular insert can be used in Cross-section be circular or polygonal. In the present example it is tubular Insert 1 used in a second insert or a sleeve 5.
  • Form the inner surface of the sleeve 5 preferably corresponds to that of the outer surface of the tubular insert 1, so that both lie flush against each other.
  • the sleeve 5 has a lower ring collar, so that it enters the nozzle opening from below of the layer composite can be inserted.
  • the sleeve 5 can by Hollow rivet connection to be attached to the composite layer, which at the same time ensures cohesion the association is guaranteed.
  • the reference number J marks the height of the spinning mass filling space in the nozzle.
  • the lumen generator consists of a pin, which in its central part 6a Polygonal pin, in the present case as a triangular pin, is formed, whereas the upper part 6b is optional and can be cylindrical, for example.
  • the polygonal shape of the middle part 6a of the filament lumen former serves for fixation of the pin in the tubular insert 1.
  • the filament lumen generator occurs 6 thus, when it is introduced in insert 1, at three points in contact with insert 1.
  • the filament lumen generator 6 is at its lower End 6c tapers conically, the lower end 6c being cylindrical is.
  • the tubular insert 1 (FIG. 1) has a taper at its lower end of the associated lumen-forming pen 6 corresponding final narrowing. This final restriction is similar to the design of the tip of twist drills, which are used for blind holes. If the filament lumen generator 6 is inserted into the tubular insert 1, the lower end 6c the pin 6 beyond the final constriction of the tubular insert by one Height x in front, which can be seen in Figure 1.
  • the middle part 6a and the lower part 6c extend together up to and including the total height H of the two stakes Wreath or protuberance and the height J of the spinning mass filling space. The spinning mass thus emerges from the filling space into the circular sections (in the present case Case three circular sections) between the insert 1 and the inserted lumen-forming pen 6 through to the outside.
  • the lumen generator 6 can have an axial one Lumen 7 may be provided, the diameter of which is preferably about 3 micrometers to is about 100 microns. In this axial lumen the spinning mass for the second component of a bicomponent fiber. The two components flow together after the tapering space x.
  • the filament lumen generator 6 can be equipped with a cover 8 which is detachably placed on it.
  • the cover cap 8 serves to reduce the so-called dead volume in the spinning head.
  • the cover cap 8 preferably has a hexagonal base in cross section, the inner recess being circular in cross section, so that it fits on the cylindrical part 6b of the filament lumen former.
  • the cover cap has the height Z shown in the figure. If the filament lumen former is provided with a lumen 7 for carrying out spinning mass, the associated cover cap 8 also has a lumen which is concentric with the lumen 7.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a filament lumen generator 6 with an attached cover cap 8 shown.
  • the size G of the cover caps and the distance between the nozzle openings from each other are chosen so that all cover caps when they are on the filament lumens are plugged in, each adjoin the adjacent cover cap, so that the uppermost sides of the cover caps form a closed surface.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section through the reinforcement layer 3 shown in FIG. 1 represents, the reinforcing layer here formed in cross section honeycomb-shaped is.
  • Figures 5 to 8 show a cross section through the reinforcing layer, similar as in FIG. 4, but the cross section extends over the entire spinneret.
  • the cross section of the spinneret is essentially here circular and is of a frame 9, which is designed as an angular frame, limited.
  • the frame 9 is preferably made of the same material as the printing plate 1 of the spinneret made.
  • the angular frame can be Z-shaped in longitudinal section be formed and have a round or polygonal cross section.
  • the inner one Edge can form an edge support on the layer structure.
  • the reinforcement plate 3 or the entire layer structure shown in FIG. 1 can be in the angular frame 9 fitted and connected to it, for example potted, welded, glued or be expanded into it.
  • the angle frame is preferably on both sides above the Height H of Figure 1 before. It is particularly preferred that the angular frame beyond the sum of Figures J and H and, if the nozzle with a cap 8 is provided for a fiber lumen generator 6, also over the height Z of the cap 6 protrudes.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of the stabilization layer 3 in cross section shown.
  • a corrugated cardboard Structure which in the present case is wrapped in an Archimedean spiral is what gives the stabilizing layer special bending stiffness and compressive strength gives.
  • This type of stabilization layer 3 can be used as above described can be inserted into an angular frame 9.
  • the fineness of the sine waves or honeycombs can be selected as required be, the stabilizing layer is more rigid and pressure resistant, depending finer the honeycomb or sinus structure is formed.
  • Inside the honeycomb or Corrugated cardboard structures can be measuring points, for example for temperature, pressure or flow measurements for the spinning mass can be integrated. That way it is possible to control the conditions at each individual nozzle opening separately.
  • the pressure plate 1 located above the stabilization layer 3 (and, if appropriate, the additional layers 4) are perforated so that the inserts 1, 5 in the case of honeycomb-shaped Stabilization layer run centrally through the honeycomb, whereby each honeycomb, as can be seen in FIGS. 4 to 8, contains only one insert 1.
  • An approximately central arrangement of the inserts 1 is also in the corrugated cardboard structure provided by Figure 9.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of the spinneret according to the invention in Top view shown.
  • the spinneret consists of a pressure tube that is in Figure 10 is wound into an Archimedean spiral. That way it becomes possible to accommodate a large length of pipe in a small space.
  • All nozzle openings are on the underside of the pressure pipe arranged.
  • FIG. 11a A cross section through such a pressure tube 10 is shown in FIG. 11a.
  • This Pressure tube is suitable for spinning full fiber filaments.
  • the tube has a hole neck with the height t, so that the total length S the nozzle opening from the height t plus the pipe thickness.
  • the tubular insert which the outer diameter of the limited to spinning full fiber, used.
  • a stabilizing layer 3 which is associated with Figure 1 has been described in detail, then, if necessary, with additional Coatings 4.
  • the nozzle opening extends as well as in the case of FIG. 1, also through these layers.
  • the pressure tube 10 shown in FIG. 11a can furthermore form the uppermost layer or final layer in a stack of two or more pressure tubes layered one on top of the other.
  • the upper tube 10 is then attached to one of the pressure tubes shown in FIGS. 11a and 11c.
  • the pressure pipes shown in FIGS. 11b and 11c differ only in that their upper connecting opening is turned down once, as in the case of FIG. 11b, and once upward, as in the case of FIG. 11c.
  • the outer diameter d a of the upper tube 10 is matched to the inner diameter d i of the tube below it so that the hole neckings can be inserted one into the other. This means that d a of the nozzle opening of the upper tube is approximately equal to d i of the connecting opening of the tube below.
  • Inserts 1 and 2 can be used for the nozzle openings Filament lumens pins 6 that are analogous to those associated with 1 and 2 are used.
  • FIG. 11c The height z shown in FIG. 11c represents the height of the cylindrical part of a filament lumen generator to be used, as is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 11c shows the pressure pipe placed on a layer composite, as has already been described in connection with FIG. 1. In practice, the pressure pipe is filled over its entire inner height J.
  • the height J 0 denotes the filling space height minus the protuberance of the upper connection opening.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Filière pour la fabrication de fibres de filament, ayant au moins un orifice de buse pour la sortie de la masse à filer, ledit au moins un orifice de buse ayant une longue finie S et une pièce tubulaire amovible (1) étant insérée dans chaque orifice de buse, par lequel la masse à filer est conduite vers l'extérieur, la filière
    ayant soit un tube de pression avec une entrée E pour la masse à filer et un ou plusieurs orifice(s) de buse se trouvant tous essentiellement du même côté du tube de pression;
    ou ayant un plaque de pression (2), ledit au moins un orifice traversant complètement l'épaisseur (d) de la plaque de pression,
    le tube de pression et/ou la plaque de pression étant couvert d'une couche stabilisatrice (3) en un matériau en forme de nid d'abeilles ou de carton ondulé, ledit au moins un orifice de buse et la pièce tubulaire associée de la plaque de pression et/ou du tube de pression le plus inférieur traversant l'épaisseur (w) de la couche stabilisatrice.
  2. Filière selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ladite pièce tubulaire amovible dans chaque orifice de buse possède la forme d'un tube à couronne.
  3. Filière selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que ledit tube de pression (10) a la forme d'une spirale d'Archimède, l'entrée E se trouvant soit à l'extrémité intérieure ou extérieure du tube de pression et les orifices de buse étant disposés sur la face inférieure de la spirale du tube de pression.
  4. Filière selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que ledit tube de pression possède, en plus, un sortie A à l'une des deux extrémités du tube de pression.
  5. Filière selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que ladite filière comprend plusieurs tubes de pression superposés en sens radial, chaque tube de pression ayant comme voisin un tube de pression superposé possède au moins un orifice de connexion supérieur, le nombre et la disposition axiale des orifices de connexion dans le tube de pression correspondant au nombre et à la disposition des orifices de buse dans le tube de pression superposé et le diamètre extérieur da de chaque orifice de buse du tube de pression superposé correspond approximativement au diamètre intérieur di de l'orifice de connexion associé du tube de pression inférieur.
  6. Filière selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'on applique sur un côté ou sur les deux côtés de la couche stabilisatrice une couche de prépreg, ledit au moins un orifice de buse et la pièce tubulaire associée traversant également les couches de prépreg.
  7. Filière selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit au moins un orifice de buse a un diamètre d'environ 2 à 200 µm.
  8. Filière selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que ledit au moins un orifice de buse a un diamètre d'environ 2 à 10 µm.
EP00909357A 1999-03-14 2000-03-13 Filiere Expired - Lifetime EP1163380B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19911231 1999-03-14
DE1999111231 DE19911231A1 (de) 1999-03-14 1999-03-14 Schicht-Lagen-Druck-Spinndüse für Mikro-, Voll- und Hohlfaser-Filamente, für Biko-Filamente mit austauschbaren Düsenlumen und austauschbaren Faser-Filamentlumenbildnern
DE1999124286 DE19924286B4 (de) 1999-05-27 1999-05-27 Spinndüse
DE19924286 1999-05-27
PCT/EP2000/002208 WO2000055400A1 (fr) 1999-03-14 2000-03-13 Filiere

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1163380A1 EP1163380A1 (fr) 2001-12-19
EP1163380B1 true EP1163380B1 (fr) 2004-08-18

Family

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EP00909357A Expired - Lifetime EP1163380B1 (fr) 1999-03-14 2000-03-13 Filiere

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Country Link
EP (1) EP1163380B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002539339A (fr)
KR (1) KR20010108354A (fr)
AT (1) ATE274076T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3166400A (fr)
DE (1) DE50007485D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000055400A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107053080B (zh) * 2017-06-19 2019-03-29 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 一种蜂窝夹层板镶嵌件安装工艺

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1033627A (en) * 1963-09-18 1966-06-22 Fiberfil Inc Filament die
DE2324599A1 (de) * 1973-05-16 1974-12-05 Zimmer Ag Spinnduesenplatte fuer duesenpakete von schmelzspinnanlagen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US4140507A (en) * 1977-03-11 1979-02-20 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Bushing and method for forming glass fibers
JPS602704A (ja) * 1983-06-16 1985-01-09 Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kk 溶融紡糸用紡糸口金及びその製造法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1163380A1 (fr) 2001-12-19
AU3166400A (en) 2000-10-04
JP2002539339A (ja) 2002-11-19
DE50007485D1 (de) 2004-09-23
KR20010108354A (ko) 2001-12-07
ATE274076T1 (de) 2004-09-15
WO2000055400A1 (fr) 2000-09-21

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