EP1167761A2 - Taumelscheibenverdichter - Google Patents

Taumelscheibenverdichter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1167761A2
EP1167761A2 EP01114766A EP01114766A EP1167761A2 EP 1167761 A2 EP1167761 A2 EP 1167761A2 EP 01114766 A EP01114766 A EP 01114766A EP 01114766 A EP01114766 A EP 01114766A EP 1167761 A2 EP1167761 A2 EP 1167761A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
swash plate
shoes
piston
sliding
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01114766A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1167761A3 (de
Inventor
Manabu Sugiura
Takayuki Kato
Takahiro Sugioka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Industries Corp
Original Assignee
Toyota Industries Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Industries Corp filed Critical Toyota Industries Corp
Publication of EP1167761A2 publication Critical patent/EP1167761A2/de
Publication of EP1167761A3 publication Critical patent/EP1167761A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0878—Pistons
    • F04B27/0886—Piston shoes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
    • F04B27/1054—Actuating elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a swash plate type compressor that sucks and discharges a refrigerant gas by converting the rotational motion of a swash plate into the reciprocating motion of a piston.
  • a compressor such as a swash plate type
  • lubrication of the sliding portions where components slide on each other, is ensured by a mist of lubricating oil being carried by the refrigerant gas and supplied to each sliding portion.
  • the lubricating oil adhered to the sliding portions is washed away by the refrigerant gas and in effect the sliding portions are prone to become dry. Therefore, a surface treatment is applied to the surface of each sliding portion so that each sliding portion member has excellent sliding characteristics, such as resistance to seizure and abrasion resistance.
  • a Cu-based or an Al-based material is flame-sprayed onto the surface of the base material of the swash plate to form a flame-sprayed layer and a plating layer, such as a Pb-based, a Sn-based or a Pb-Sn-based plating, or a coating layer made of MoS 2 , MoS 2 and graphite mixture, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or the like is formed on the surface of the flame-sprayed layer.
  • a plating layer such as a Pb-based, a Sn-based or a Pb-Sn-based plating, or a coating layer made of MoS 2 , MoS 2 and graphite mixture, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or the like is formed on the surface of the flame-sprayed layer.
  • an intermediate layer of which the main component is Al, Cu, Sn, a metal phosphate or the like is formed on the surface of the base material of the swash plate and a layer for sliding, which includes a thermosetting resin and a solid lubricant made of at least either one of MoS 2 or graphite, is formed on the surface of the intermediate layer.
  • the present invention has been developed taking the above problems into account and the objective is to provide a swash plate type compressor that is able to improve the sliding characteristics at the sliding portion where components slide on each other, and to facilitate the work during coating forming.
  • a swash plate type compressor comprises a swash plate assembled so that a rotational motion together with a drive shaft is enabled, at least a pair of shoes connected to the swash plate, and a piston connected to the swash plate via the shoes, wherein an amorphous hard carbon coating is formed on at least one of the sliding portions where components of the compressor slide on each other during the operation thereof.
  • the sliding characteristics, such as abrasion resistance, resistance to seizure, etc., of the components that are in sliding contact when the compressor is in operation are improved because of the amorphous hard carbon coating formed on at least one of the sliding portions, and the reliability of each component thereof, and the compressor itself as a result, is also improved.
  • a required coating thickness and a required surface roughness that need no working treatment such as grinding treatment, etc. can be obtained, and the work of coating forming is simplified because an amorphous hard carbon coating has excellent forming accuracy (working accuracy) in coating thickness, surface roughness, etc.
  • the amorphous hard carbon coating is formed on at least one of the sliding portions where the swash plate, the shoes, and the piston slide on each other, in addition to that in the first aspect.
  • abrasion and seizure occurs less frequently at the sliding portions of the swash plate, the shoes, and the piston, and the reliability of the swash plate, shoes, and piston is improved.
  • a swash plate type compressor 11 comprises a cylinder block 12, a front housing 13 coupled to the front end of the cylinder block 12, and a rear housing 15 coupled to the rear end of the cylinder block 12 via a valve forming body 14, and these members 11 through 15 are coupled and fixed to each other by plural through-bolts (not shown), constituting a housing assembly H of the compressor.
  • a crank chamber 16 In the housing assembly H, a crank chamber 16, a suction chamber 17, and a discharge chamber 18 are defined. Plural cylinder bores (only one is shown) 19 are formed in the cylinder block 12 and a single-headed piston 20 is housed in each cylinder bore 19 so that a reciprocating motion is enabled.
  • the suction chamber 17 and the discharge chamber 18 are selectively communicated with each cylinder bore 19 via various types of flapper valves in the valve forming body 14.
  • a drive shaft 21 is penetrated so that a rotational motion is enabled.
  • a swash plate 22 is supported by the drive shaft 21 while being housed in the crank chamber 16.
  • the swash plate 22 has a land portion 23 in the central part and an outer circumferential portion 24 formed with a thickness thinner than that of the land portion 23, which is surrounded by the outer circumferential portion 24.
  • This swash plate 22 is operatively connected to the drive shaft 21 via a hinge mechanism 25 and a lug plate 26 so that the swash plate 22 can synchronously rotate with the drive shaft 21 and tilt with respect to the drive shaft 21 accompanied by a sliding motion in the direction of the axis of the drive shaft 21.
  • every piston 20 is operatively connected to the swash plate.
  • the swash plate 22 tilting in a required inclination angle rotates together with the drive shaft 21, each piston 20 is forced to reciprocate with a stroke according to the inclination of the swash plate 22, and the cycle, in which refrigerant gas sucked from the suction chamber 17 is compressed and discharged to the discharge chamber 18, is repeated.
  • the inclination angle of the swash plate 22 is determined by the interactive balance among various moments such as the moment of the rotational motion based on the centrifugal force when the swash plate rotates, the moment of the spring force based on the biasing action of an inclination reducing spring 29, the moment of the inertia force of the reciprocating motion of the piston 20, the moment of the gas pressure, and so on.
  • the moment of the gas pressure is a moment determined based on the internal pressure of the cylinder bore 19 and the internal pressure of the crank chamber 16, which is the back pressure of the piston 20, and is applied to both directions in which the inclination of the swash plate 22 decreases and increases, according to the crank pressure.
  • the swash plate type compressor of variable displacement type 11 comprises a control valve 30 in the rear housing 15, and the control valve 30 is interposed on a pressure supply passage 31 that connects the crank chamber 16 with the discharge chamber 18 communicatively. Also, the crank chamber 16 and the suction chamber 17 are connected communicatively by a pressure releasing passage (a throttle passage) 32.
  • a pressure releasing passage a throttle passage
  • the moment of the gas pressure is changed adequately by adjusting the crank pressure by the opening adjustment of the control valve 30.
  • each shoe 27 and 28 has flat surfaces 35 and 36 and spherical surfaces 37 and 38, and the flat surfaces 35 and 36 come into contact with a front surface 39 and a rear surface 40 of the swash plate 22, respectively, and the spherical surfaces come into contact with shoe seats 41 of the piston 20.
  • An iron-based material, an aluminum-based material or the like is used for a substrate (base material) 42 of the swash plate 22.
  • a similar iron-based material (bearing steel, for example) is used for the shoes 27 and 28, of which the mechanical strength thereof, etc. is taken into account.
  • Amorphous hard carbon coatings 43 and 44 are formed on both the front surface 39 and the rear surface 40 of the outer circumferential portion 24 of the swash plate 22 ranging over the whole area in the circumferential direction. These amorphous hard carbon coatings 43 and 44 are formed on worked surfaces 45 and 46 of the outer circumferential portion 24 by a CVD method, a PVD method, or the like. Generally, the amorphous hard carbon coatings 43 and 44 are called a synthetic pseudo-diamond thin coating, a diamond-like carbon (DLC), i-carbon, or the like, and hereinafter are referred to as a DLC coating in this example. These DLC coatings 43 and 44 of the swash plate 22 come into contact with the flat surfaces 35 and 36, respectively, of the shoes 27 and 28 and serve as the sliding surfaces with the shoes 27 and 28 of the swash plate 22.
  • DLC diamond-like carbon
  • the DLC coatings 43 and 44 have characteristics similar to diamond in physical properties such as hardness, etc. and also have a specific quality characterized in that the hardness is high and the friction coefficient is low. Since the surface of the swash plate 22 has the DLC coatings 43 and 44, that is, has high sliding characteristics excellent in such as abrasion resistance and resistance to seizure, abrasion and seizure occurs less frequently at the sliding portions 47 between the swash plate 22 and the shoes 27 and 28, and the reliability of the swash plate 22 and the shoes 27 and 28, and the compressor 11 itself as a result, is improved. In addition, since the DLC coatings 43 and 44 have good forming accuracy (working accuracy) in coating thickness, surface roughness, etc., such finishing processes as grinding, etc. to ensure the required coating thickness and surface roughness, are not necessary, resulting in a simplified coating forming work and a lower cost.
  • FIG.3 is an example in which a coating is formed only onto the rear surface of the swash plate.
  • the reaction force which is produced when the piston 20 is retracted forcedly to suck the refrigerant gas, is applied mainly to the front surface 39 of the swash plate 22 via the shoe 27 on the front side.
  • the reaction force of the compression which is produced when the piston 20 compresses the refrigerant gas to discharge it, is applied mainly to the rear surface 40 of the swash plate 22 via the shoe 28 on the rear side.
  • the swash plate 22 and the shoes 27 and 28, respectively are made of different materials
  • the swash plate 22 is made of aluminum-based material and the shoes 27 and 28 are made of iron-based material, seizure caused by the so-called "friction phenomenon between the same metal" is unlikely to occur. Therefore, if the fact that the swash plate 22 and the shoes 27 and 28 are made of different materials and the reaction force caused by forced retraction is relatively small is taken into account, there may be the case where the sliding characteristics of the front side of the swash plate 22 need not be improved in particular.
  • the DLC coating 44 is formed only on the rear surface 40 of the swash plate 22. Saving the coating forming process on the front side, this structure can reduce the excessive processes for coating forming and the manufacturing cost. In addition, since the DLC coating 44 is formed on the rear surface 40 that needs to have the sliding characteristics of high quality, the probability of occurrence of abrasion and seizure does not increase rapidly and the high reliability of the swash plate 22 and the shoes 27 and 28, and the compressor 11 as a result can be ensured.
  • FIG.4 shows an example where coatings are formed on both the flat surfaces of a pair of shoes.
  • the DLC coatings 48 and 49 are formed on the entire area of the flat surfaces 35 and 36 of the shoes 27 and 28. Therefore, the flat surfaces 35 and 36 of the shoes 27 and 28 come into contact with the swash plate 22 on the surfaces of the DLC coatings 48 and 49, respectively, and these DLC coatings 48 and 49 serve as the sliding surfaces between the shoes 27 and 28 and the swash plate 22.
  • the work of coating forming is simplified and the sliding characteristics of the sliding portion 47 between the swash plate 22 and the shoes 27 and 28 is improved, the reliability of the swash plate 22 and the shoes 27 and 28, and even the compressor 11 as a result, is improved.
  • the required area for coating is smaller, resulting in further reduction in cost of materials.
  • the DLC coating 49 is formed only on the flat surface 36 of the shoe 28 on the rear side to which the reaction force of compression is applied, and no DLC coating 48 is applied on the front side.
  • FIG.5 shows an example in which a coating is formed on the entire surface of the shoes.
  • the DLC coatings 50 and 51 are formed on the entire surface of the shoes 27 and 28. Therefore, on the entire surface of the shoe 27 and 28, the surfaces of the DLC coatings 50 and 51 formed on the spherical surfaces 37 and 38 that slide on the shoe seats 41 serve as the sliding surface between the shoes 27 and 28 and the piston 20, and the surfaces of the DLC coatings 50 and 51 formed on the flat surfaces 35 and 36 that slide with respect to the swash plate 22 serve as the sliding surface between the shoes 27 and 28 and swash plate 22.
  • a surface treatment (Sn-plate treatment, for example) of the shoe seats 41 of the piston 20 can be avoided, and abrasion or seizure occurs less frequently on not only the sliding portion 47 between the swash plate 22 and the shoes 27 and 28, but also the sliding portion 52 between the shoes 27 and 28 and the pistons 20, therefore, the reliability of not only the swash plate 22 and the shoes 27 and 28 but also the pistons 20 is improved.
  • the DLC coatings 50 and 51 can be formed only on the spherical surfaces 37 and 38 of the shoes 27 and 28.
  • FIG.6 shows an example in which a coating is formed on the piston.
  • the DLC coating 54 is formed on the entire outer surface of the piston 20. Therefore, on the entire outer surface of the piston 20, the surface of the DLC coating 54 formed on the shoe seats 41 on which the shoes 27 and 28 slide serves as the sliding surface between the piston 20 and the shoes 27 and 28, and the surface of the DLC coating 54 formed on the outer circumferential surface 56 of a piston main body 55, that slides on the cylinder block 12, serves as the sliding surface between the piston 20 and the cylinder block 12.
  • the sliding characteristics of not only the sliding portion 52 between the shoes 27 and 28 and the piston 20 but also the sliding portion 57 between the piston 20 and the cylinder block 12 are improved and the reliability of the shoes 27 and 28, the piston 20, and the cylinder block 12 is improved. It can also be the case where the DLC coating 54 is formed only on the shoe seats 41 of the piston 20 or only on the outer circumferential surface 56.
  • a swash plate type compressor is not restricted to the variable displacement type comprising the piston 20 of single-headed type.
  • the DCL coatings 43 and 44 can be formed on both surfaces of a swash plate 62 thereof.
  • the sliding characteristics of the swash plate 62 and a shoe 63 are improved and the reliability of components is also improved.
  • the location for forming DLC coating can be selected by combining the examples described in the above embodiments adequately and flexibly according to requirement. Examples are shown below.
  • Forming of the DLC coating is not restricted to the case where the DLC coatings are formed on the sliding portions 47, 52, and 57 between each component, that is to say, the swash plate 22, shoes 27 and 28, and the piston 20.
  • the DLC coating may be formed, for example, on the inner circumferential surface of the hole of the swash plate 22 through which the drive shaft 21 penetrates, the sliding surface between the drive shaft 21 and the swash plate 22, the bearing that supports the drive shaft 21 rotatably, the lip seal that isolates the crank chamber from outside, the hinge mechanism 25, and so on. That is to say, the DLC coating can be formed on any sliding portions that slide on, among comopnents constiting the compressor, while the compressor is in operation.
  • the DLC coating is formed on only one side of the sliding surface of each sliding portion 47, 52, and 57, the DLC coating may be formed on the both sides of the sliding portions so that the DLC coatings 43, 44, 48, and 49 are formed, for example, on the both surfaces of the swash plate 22 and the flat surfaces 35 and 36 of the shoes. In this case abrasion or seizure of the parts is made to occur even less frequently.
  • the DLC coatings 43, 44, 48 through 51, and 54 are formed on the entire area of the sliding surface, the DLC coating may be formed only on a part of the sliding surface. That is to say, the DLC coating is not required to be formed on the entire area of the sliding surface if high sliding characteristics are ensured.
  • the DLC coatings are formed directly on the surface of the substrate (base material) of each component 20, 22, 27, and 28, intermediate layers consisting of a flame-sprayed layer, a plating layer, or the like, may be formed between, for example, the substrate or the DLC coating.
  • intermediate layers consisting of a flame-sprayed layer, a plating layer, or the like, may be formed between, for example, the substrate or the DLC coating.
  • the coating forming work requires excessive processes compared to the case where only the DLC coating is formed, but the sliding characteristics are maintained by the intermediate layer even if the DLC coatings are worn out by abrasion or seizure. Therefore, if the double-structure comprising a DLC coating and an intermediate layer is adopted, sliding characteristics of a higher quality can be ensured.
  • the DLC coating is formed on the entire surface of the front surface 39 and the rear surface 40 of the outer circumferential portion 24 when the DLC coatings 43 and 44 are formed on the swash plate 22, the DLC coating can be formed only on the portion which slides against the shoes 27 and 28.
  • the DLC coating is formed on the entire outer surface of the piston 20, the coating can be partially formed on the piston 20 so that the DLC coating is formed only on the outer circumferential surface 56 and the shoe seats 41 of the piston 20.
  • the sliding characteristics of the sliding portion can be improved and the work of coating forming can be simplified by forming an amorphous hard carbon coating on the sliding portion where the components of the compressor slide on each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
EP01114766A 2000-06-27 2001-06-25 Taumelscheibenverdichter Withdrawn EP1167761A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000193456 2000-06-27
JP2000193456A JP2002005013A (ja) 2000-06-27 2000-06-27 斜板式圧縮機

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EP1167761A2 true EP1167761A2 (de) 2002-01-02
EP1167761A3 EP1167761A3 (de) 2003-07-16

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EP01114766A Withdrawn EP1167761A3 (de) 2000-06-27 2001-06-25 Taumelscheibenverdichter

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EP (1) EP1167761A3 (de)
JP (1) JP2002005013A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2838789A1 (fr) * 2002-02-25 2003-10-24 Luk Fahrzeug Hydraulik Machine a piston alterne
EP1712790A1 (de) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Taumelscheibenverdichter
WO2008014737A1 (de) * 2006-07-29 2008-02-07 Ixetic Mac Gmbh Vorrichtung zum ankoppeln eines kolbens an eine ringscheibe
WO2015176988A1 (de) * 2014-05-23 2015-11-26 Mahle International Gmbh Axialkolbenmaschine

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005023554B4 (de) 2005-05-21 2018-04-05 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Taumelscheibengetriebe, insbesondere für einen Axialkolbenkompressor
JP2007056720A (ja) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-08 Sanden Corp 斜板式圧縮機
JP2007056721A (ja) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-08 Sanden Corp 斜板式圧縮機
JP5033432B2 (ja) 2007-01-30 2012-09-26 株式会社豊田自動織機 摺動部品
DE102007047629A1 (de) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 Stein, Ralf Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer hochfesten Beschichtung auf Werkstücke und/oder Werkstoffe
JP2008267251A (ja) * 2007-04-19 2008-11-06 Sanden Corp 圧縮機
JP4831428B2 (ja) * 2007-05-25 2011-12-07 株式会社豊田自動織機 圧縮機摺動部材の非晶質硬質炭素皮膜の成膜方法とその方法で成膜された圧縮機摺動部材及びその製造装置
US8962143B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2015-02-24 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. PTFE-based sliding material, bearing, and method for producing PTFE-based sliding material
JP6133014B2 (ja) * 2012-02-28 2017-05-24 ナブテスコ株式会社 油圧ポンプ
US10273990B2 (en) * 2015-01-14 2019-04-30 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Fixed wobbler for hydraulic unit
CA3030899A1 (en) * 2019-01-22 2020-07-22 Matthew Hwong Actuator for a needle

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08199327A (ja) 1995-01-27 1996-08-06 Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd 斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板
JPH11193780A (ja) 1997-12-26 1999-07-21 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd 片頭ピストン型斜板式圧縮機および斜板の製造方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3039762B2 (ja) * 1995-03-07 2000-05-08 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 往復動型圧縮機
JP3568061B2 (ja) * 1995-05-17 2004-09-22 大豊工業株式会社 斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板及び斜板とシューとの組合わせ
JP4023872B2 (ja) * 1997-06-26 2007-12-19 大豊工業株式会社 斜板式コンプレッサー用斜板
JP2000179453A (ja) * 1998-12-17 2000-06-27 Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd 斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08199327A (ja) 1995-01-27 1996-08-06 Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd 斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板
JPH11193780A (ja) 1997-12-26 1999-07-21 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd 片頭ピストン型斜板式圧縮機および斜板の製造方法

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2838789A1 (fr) * 2002-02-25 2003-10-24 Luk Fahrzeug Hydraulik Machine a piston alterne
EP1712790A1 (de) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Taumelscheibenverdichter
US7406912B2 (en) 2005-04-13 2008-08-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Swash plate compressor
WO2008014737A1 (de) * 2006-07-29 2008-02-07 Ixetic Mac Gmbh Vorrichtung zum ankoppeln eines kolbens an eine ringscheibe
US8430018B2 (en) 2006-07-29 2013-04-30 ixeric MAC GmbH Device for coupling a piston to an annular disk
WO2015176988A1 (de) * 2014-05-23 2015-11-26 Mahle International Gmbh Axialkolbenmaschine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20010054352A1 (en) 2001-12-27
EP1167761A3 (de) 2003-07-16
JP2002005013A (ja) 2002-01-09

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