Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
  • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
  • E04F13/142—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of ceramics or clays
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
  • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
  • E04F13/15—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass characterised by the use of glass elements, i.e. wherein an outer layer is not of glass
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
  • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
  • B44C5/0438—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers containing stone elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
  • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
  • B44C5/0446—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers bearing graphical information
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
  • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
  • B44F1/02—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by reflected light, e.g. matt surfaces, lustrous surfaces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
  • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
  • B44F1/02—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by reflected light, e.g. matt surfaces, lustrous surfaces
  • B44F1/04—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by reflected light, e.g. matt surfaces, lustrous surfaces after passage through surface layers, e.g. pictures with mirrors on the back
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
  • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
  • B44F1/08—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects characterised by colour effects
  • B44F1/10—Changing, amusing, or secret pictures
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
  • B44F7/00—Designs imitating three-dimensional [3D] effects

Definitions

• the present invention relates to creating of various decors on at least transparent and hard materials so as on glazes of ceramic tiles which decors are based on optical phenomena.
• Ceramic tiles covered by a glaze are routinely provided with a decor.
• the decor is printed on said tile prior to providing this tile with a glaze.
• Another known method is to provide the glaze with a printing or to provide said printed glaze with another glaze layer. But all the mentioned methods can also be combined.
• plate-like facing materials so as ceiling or wall panels, tiles, advertisement boards and like elements, with decors using special or unusual light effects, light reflected back by matt or glossy surfaces, light reflected back after the light passage through the material surface layers by objects provided with reflective surfaces provided in the interior of said material or by light reflected after the light passage through the whole material by means of mirrors provided on the back side of said material .
• Patent CZ 274,488 discloses a decor in the form of a relief pattern on a sheet of organic or inorganic glass.
• said glass sheet is decorated by a raster, which raster is comprised of optional elements and the face surface of said glass is decorated either by a negative of said raster, which raster is enlarged or diminished within the range of 0 to 15 % or by another raster which raster is differing from said back surface raster by plus minus 15 %, whereby, by mutual optical overlaying of both rasters a three dimensional pattern is created which pattern forms a three dimensional glass decor.
• the elements can consist of lines or circles, etc.
• it is possible to provide the back surface of said glass e.g. with a paint layer or with a milky glass.
• the subject matter of the present invention is a ceramic tile provided with a decor.
• the decor is produced by means of light effects.
• the light effects are obtained by light passage through an at least partially transparent material which material is provided with a system of arranged formations, whereby, the formations consist in that they comprise a face printing on the face side of said at least partially transparent material which face side is formed by a tile glaze and further a back printing situated behind the back side of said partially transparent material, whereby, said printing is formed by a plane raster containing parallel lines and slits or characters grouped into formations having slits between them, whereby, the number of said formations of said back surface printing and of said slits of said face printing is different and the prevailing direction of said back printing formations is to more than 50 % identical with the direction of said slits of said face printing.
• the tile glaze thickness is at least 0,1 mm.
• said face printing is formed by a line raster which line raster comprises a system of parallel lines and slits and if said back printing is formed by a system of characters which characters are grouped into lines, whereby, said lines are separated by slits from each other.
• said face printing is also formed by a line raster which raster comprises a system of parallel lines and slits and said back printing comprises a system of characters which characters are grouped into formations which formations have the form of curves with slits between said curves.
• the direction of said back printing formations locally diverges by an angle up to 30 degrees away from the to more than 50 % identical prevailing direction of said formations .
• the tile glaze is provided by a face printing on the front face side of said glaze, whereby, said back printing, situated behind the back side of said tile glaze, is formed on the front face side of a bottom glaze which bottom glaze is provided between said tile glaze and a base ceramic body of said tile, whereby, the face side of said tile glaze is covered by a top glaze.
• Said top glaze can also be provided with a printing.
• said tile glaze is provided by a face printing on said front face side, whereby, said back printing situated behind the back side of said tile glaze is provided on said front face side of said bottom glaze which bottom glaze is situated between said tile glaze and said basic ceramic body of said tile, whereby, said printing is made by an abrasion resistant ink.
• the subject matter of this invention makes possible to create decors on hard materials, e.g. on ceramic tiles or glazes of ceramic tiles which decors are of such a quality that could not be reached by the usual decorative techniques.
• the invention is relatively simple to practice and the products are of moderate costs and, therefore, suitable for a broad use.
• the printed materials are very abrasion resistant. Therefore, such materials provide a possibility to use the resulting product e.g. as facing tiles.
• This technical solution makes also possible to imitate easily also the so called metallic pigments having the colours of copper, silver or gold, etc. The desired colour depends only on choosing the appropriate combination of optical methods used in the decor production.
• the direction of the printing formations on the rear back side of said tile declines locally by up to 30 degrees away of the for more then 50 % identical prevailing direction of formations.
• a special pattern and a colour effect of a ceramic tile according to this invention are obtained on the basis of such optical phenomena as are the diffraction of a light ray, interference, dispersion, reflection and by mutual exposing or covering of the corresponding points of a face and a back printings on an at least partially transparent and hard material of said ceramic tile glaze in relation to the angle of view.
• the material that is to be used to obtain the effect according to the present invention is an at least partially transparent and hard material, a tile glaze 3, a plate material of certain thickness.
• the tile glaze 3 is provided with printed patterns both at its face side and behind its back side, the pattern having the form of a plane line raster or a raster with characters grouped into formations, the formations being in the form of lines and slits, whereby, the prevailing direction of said slits of said printing of said back printing 6 is, in an extent being more than 50 %, identical with the direction of slits of said face printing 5.
• the face side of said material is understood to be the front face side facing away of said ceramic basic body 1_ of said tile and the back side is understood to be the back inner side of said material which is turned to said ceramic base body 1 of said tile.
• optical phenomena can be used, individually or mutually combined, to provide a desired decor exhibiting various patterns and colour effects
• diffraction, dispersion and interference m such a way that m said printing 5 of said face side 3 of said at least partially transparent material, tile glaze 3_, diffraction openings or gaps are formed, what produces interfaces between different optical environments, whereby, the passing light rays bend at interfaces of different optical densities and partially decompose to individual spectral colours and along their further optical path they then interfere depending on their mutual vicinity.
• the bright or the dark interference points on said back printing 6 influence the resulting brightness of said decor.
• the diffraction openings can be made e.g.
• a laser gun which gun removes some parts of the previously printed surface or by a special printing procedure or m the most easy way by admixing transparent grains of a size corresponding to the thickness of the printings 5, 6, e.g. of grains of crushed glass or of Iceland spar, into the printing inks m accordance with a graphic design.
• the method of making diffraction openings can exhibit an influence on break-up of light spectrum to some extent. The strongest effect is obtained by using crushed glass as it brings about multiple refraction and thereby contributes to a higher spectral break-up.
• light ray reflection can be accomplished e.g. by a printing applied to the back printing 6 using inks of various ability to reflect light, whereby, small mirror areas are formed.
• a composition of inks and crushed transparent material e.g. of crushed glass.
• Such a composition forms both mirror surfaces and refractory interfaces m its crystal system.
• Such refractory interfaces can both break up and partially interfere the incoming light rays.
• the above mentioned reflexive or combined reflexive effect then varies both with the angle of view and with the transparency of individual points of said face printing 5.
• the mutual exposing or hiding of points can be reached e.g. as follows. If the plate is provided with a printing 5 on its face side and a printing 6 on its back side and the front face side of said material is transparent at least partially at various places according to the intended graphic design, its colour always depends on light conditions of individual points of the back printing 6, i.e. the effects of individual colour points of both printings 5, 6 interact at the same time. At places where there are different light conditions m the back printing 6, e.g. with regard to colour or brightness, etc., for individual points situated next to each other, the colour interactions of the colours of the front and the rear printings 5, 6 change simultaneously with the change of the angle of view. This can be used e.g. in such a way that a certain configuration of points, e.g. a pattern, is visible only if viewed from a specific angle and in a pre-defined colour. If the viewing angle is changed, the pattern disappears or changes its colour.
• a certain configuration of points e.g. a pattern
• a specific application product of this invention is represented by a ceramic tile provided with a glaze.
• Such ceramic tile can have shape of a rectangular, square, polygon or other. A cross-section of such ceramic tile is shown in the attached drawing.
• the tile consists of a basic ceramic body 1 .
• the tile glaze 3 is provided with a face printing 5 on its front face side. Behind the rear back side of said tile glaze 3 a back printing 6 is provided on a bottom glaze 2, which bottom glaze 2 is situated between the tile glaze 3 and the base ceramic body 1 of said tile. The face side of said tile glaze 3 is protected by a top glaze 4.
• the face printing 5 consists of a system of narrow slits, in the simplest case formed by substantially parallel lines printed by an abrasion resistant ink. Thickness of such lines is e.g. 0.1 to 2 mm, their pitch is 0.1 to 1.5 mm. There is a general rule that the smaller dimensions provide results of a better quality. But the dimensions specified are sufficient to evoke the desired effect.
• the back printing 6 is formed by a chaotic formation of characters, whereby the formation is made so that more than 50 % of said formations has the same direction (forms lines) so as the formation of slits of the face printing 5. That means that the prevailing direction of the back printing 6 is substantially parallel to the direction of slits of the face printing 5.
• the back printing 6 consists of a system of characters in the form of a certain number of curves, whereby, their form nears to the form of a line in the third of the quadrant which is next to the centre of said circle.
• the face printing 5 is formed by a system of line-like slits of a smaller number then as is the number of characters m the back printing 6.
• the printings 5 and 6 When the printings 5 and 6 are put together, they create a mutually shifted interference network having its maxima at intersections of said characters and slits, whereby said maxima are less dense m the third of said quadrant which is adjacent to the centre of said basic circle and their connecting lines are nea ⁇ ng to the form of a line deflected by several degrees away from the axis of said basic circle.
• m the third which is adjacent to the circumference of said basic circle the interference maxima are dense and their connecting lines form a circle of a radius greater than the radius of said basic circle.
• interference phenomenon is produced resulting from the difference m the number of characters and slits and m the effect of a narrow slit used for light ray interference.
• the result of such an effect is a colour effect of a pattern, especially if the remaining quadrants of the basic circle are also arranged m this way.
• the top glaze 4 can also be provided with a printing. If abrasion resistant inks are used a top glaze is not necessary at all.
• the present invention will find broad use in producing printed decors on hard, at least partially transparent materials, so as on glazes of ceramic tiles in a wide variety of patterns and colour in a simple way and at acceptable costs.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)
• Floor Finish (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=32831772

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (7)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1999
  • 1999-03-24 CZ CZ19999169U patent/CZ8610U1/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2000
  • 2000-03-24 CA CA002367840A patent/CA2367840A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-03-24 JP JP2000600096U patent/JP3087525U/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-03-24 EP EP00910494A patent/EP1171318A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-03-24 SK SK293-2001U patent/SK3210U/sk unknown
  • 2000-03-24 KR KR2020017000006U patent/KR200281235Y1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-03-24 WO PCT/CZ2000/000021 patent/WO2000056558A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2000-03-24 AU AU32707/00A patent/AU3270700A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-03-24 RU RU2001128396/20U patent/RU24816U1/ru active
  • 2000-03-24 PL PL00114683U patent/PL114683U1/xx unknown
  • 2000-03-24 BR BR8003157-9U patent/BR8003157U/pt not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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