EP1175581B1 - Appareil a combustion pour combustibles solides - Google Patents

Appareil a combustion pour combustibles solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1175581B1
EP1175581B1 EP99962621A EP99962621A EP1175581B1 EP 1175581 B1 EP1175581 B1 EP 1175581B1 EP 99962621 A EP99962621 A EP 99962621A EP 99962621 A EP99962621 A EP 99962621A EP 1175581 B1 EP1175581 B1 EP 1175581B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
solid fuel
combustion chamber
gas
fuel furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99962621A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1175581A1 (fr
Inventor
Lars Göran BERG
Pontus Gille
Lars Andersson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KMW Energi AB
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KMW Energi AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1175581A1 publication Critical patent/EP1175581A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1175581B1 publication Critical patent/EP1175581B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/20—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using step-type grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/04—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solid fuel furnace according to the preamble to claim 1.
  • a furnace is known from document SE-C-139 563.
  • Solid fuels such as shavings, chips, peat, bark and the like
  • the composition as well as the size of the material included may vary within wide limits between different deliveries but also in one and the same delivery.
  • the fuel contains a high and varying water content. For these reasons, among other things, it is therefore difficult to control the combustion of such fuels so as to obtain a complete combustion of the material and minimal emission of noxious substances, such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and dust, while obtaining a high degree of efficiency.
  • the combustion must be controllable as for temperature, speed of combustion, time of oxygen supply and the like, and the combustible gases which form must be thoroughly mixed with the supplied oxygen so that as low an amount as possible of incompletely burned gases are let out in the open.
  • the fuel is normally fed via a fuel feeder to a grate in the lower portion of the furnace. Air is then supplied through the grate for primary combustion of the fuel, while forming a bed of embers and releasing combustible gases.
  • an inert gas in practice usually recirculated flue gases, from the front of the furnace parallel with the grate and in a direction opposite to the fuel feeding direction.
  • a cooling effect is obtained, which is advantageous to avoid the forming of nitric oxides which form in large quantities at high temperatures by oxidation of the nitrogen in the air.
  • the hot gases are forced from the bed of embers towards the infeed end of the grate, which accelerates the vaporisation of the water content in the fuel.
  • combustion furnaces In order to prolong the residence time of the combustible gases in the furnace and thus allow a late oxygenation and an efficient mixing of oxygen and combustible gases, combustion furnaces are known which are designed to provide, if possible, a substantially horizontal vortex or circulation of the gases in the furnace as they ascend to a so-called gas duct which is placed high up and which leads the hot gases to a boiler, heater or the like to transfer the heat to a suitable heat-carrying medium. By this circulation of the gases substantially parallel with the grate, a prolonged residence time is obtained for the gases in the furnace.
  • the oxygenation of the combustible gases takes place successively during the displacement of the gases towards the gas duct, on the one hand through secondary air nozzles in the furnace walls and, on the other, through tertiary air nozzles in the gas duct. It has, however, been found difficult to obtain said horizontal circulation of the gases and as a rule they tend to ascend too quickly towards the gas duct, which results in an insufficient oxygenation and mixing. In addition, stationary pockets of gas tend to form in the furnace.
  • An object of the present invention is to obviate the problems and drawbacks of prior-art combustion furnaces for solid fuels. More specifically, the invention relates to a combustion furnace for combustion of solid fuels, in which the residence time of the combustible gases in the furnace is prolonged in relation to prior-art technique and in which a stable circulation of the gases is provided, while permitting a well-adjusted oxygenation and thorough mixing of the gases. This in turn serves the purpose of providing efficient combustion with minimal emission of noxious substances, such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and dust. At least these objects are achieved by means of a solid fuel furnace according to claim 1.
  • a vertical circulation of the gases is provided in the furnace about a substantially horizontal axis. This has been found to render a number of positive advantages, such as a stable and controllable movement of the gases as well as a long residence time with the possibility of a late oxygenation. This in turn allows an almost complete combustion of the combustible gases with no emission or very little emission of noxious substances, such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and dust.
  • the stable, vertical circulation of the combustible gases is made possible by the gas duct extending substantially horizontally forward away from the combustion chamber and by the combustion chamber having an elevated portion which is located above an imaginary extension of an upper boundary wall of the gas duct. Furthermore, some kind of means are arranged to make the combustible gases circulate in such manner that the gases ascend in the rear portion of the combustion chamber whereas they descend in the front portion and sweep past the orifice of the gas duct, and a certain portion of the gas volume is then expelled out through the gas duct whereas the rest is circulated at least one more time. As a result, a stable, vertical circulation is provided in one single circuit or loop, which makes the combustion easy to control.
  • the means which make the combustible gases circulate can be arranged in many different ways.
  • recirculated flue gases are injected into the lower/front portion of the combustion chamber in the rearward direction and at a comparatively low speed, preferably lower than 50 m/s.
  • flue gases are also injected in a direction obliquely upward/forward from the region just above the rear portion of the grate.
  • gas duct is directed forward does not have to imply that it should be strictly horizontal. In practice, this is preferred but certain deviations may occur without impairing the function of the furnace.
  • the gas duct should, however, extend to a certain extent in the horizontal direction and have an inclination of less than 50°, preferably less than 30° and most preferably less than 10° in relation to a horizontal plane.
  • the longitudinal axis of the gas duct should extend substantially in a vertical plane in which the circulation takes place, and in practice it is preferred that the extension of the longitudinal axis of the gas duct should be part of this plane. Certain deviations from this may, however, occur but the angle of the longitudinal axis of the gas duct in relation to said vertical plane should be less than 30°, preferably less than 20°, and most preferably less than 10°.
  • the long residence time of the combustible gases allows the air supply through mainly the secondary air nozzles to take place at a comparatively low speed from a relatively small number of air nozzles with relatively large cross-sectional dimensions. Consequently, there will be a minimal interference with the circulation in the furnace and the oxygen will be homogeneously distributed in the gas volume.
  • the air supply has been provided at substantially higher speeds through air nozzles having smaller cross-sectional dimensions.
  • Such air jets function almost as "pin-pricks" into the gas volume and have a clear tendency to form layers between combustible gases and air.
  • the air speed in the secondary air nozzles is lower than 15 m/s and preferably lower than 10 m/s.
  • the secondary air nozzles are suitably placed close to the centre of the formed vortex or circulation and air is injected transversely of the direction of motion of the gas volume.
  • a combustion furnace for solid fuel has, as a rule, a rectangular or square section in a horizontal plane.
  • the circulation of the gases is such that the lower portion of the circulation takes place in a direction opposite to the feeding direction of the fuel.
  • the grate is stepped with movable grate elements and inclines somewhat downward from the infeed end. It should, however, be understood that the invention is also applicable to combustion furnaces with other types of grates, e.g. plane grates, fixed grates and also grates in which the fuel is fed from the underside through a hole in the centre of the grate.
  • grates e.g. plane grates, fixed grates and also grates in which the fuel is fed from the underside through a hole in the centre of the grate.
  • the combustion furnace according to the invention is provided with a suitably dome-shaped elevation of the ceiling, the elevation being located above an imaginary extension of an upper boundary wall of the gas duct.
  • the gas volume then has a vertical kinetic component as it passes, during the circulation, the inlet of the gas duct and this facilitates the recirculation of a great amount of gas down towards the grate and the bed of embers.
  • a substantially inert gas is injected from the rear of the furnace obliquely upward/forward from the region just above the infeed end of the grate.
  • the function of this so-called rear-edge jet is to facilitate the circulation of the gas volume in the furnace and counteract any tendency to back-flow and stationary pockets of gas gathering at the rear wall of the furnace.
  • the inert gas in the front-edge jet as well as the rear-edge jet can, under certain operational conditions, contain a certain amount of oxygen and thus contribute to the combustion.
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-section in the longitudinal direction of a combustion furnace according to the invention.
  • a grate generally designated 1 is positioned with an inclination forward/downward towards the front of the furnace.
  • the grate is of prior-art kind and has individually movable, stepped grate elements for feeding the fuel from an infeed end 2 with a feeding device towards an outlet end 3 with a device for discharging the ashes.
  • a gas duct 4 extends through the front wall of the furnace.
  • the gas duct has a gas passage which communicates with the inner combustion chamber of the furnace and which is intended to be connected to a boiler (not shown in Fig. 1).
  • Reference numerals 5 and 6 relate to a front-edge nozzle and a rear-edge nozzle, respectively. Through these nozzles, recirculated flue gases are injected.
  • the front-edge nozzle extends through the front wall of the furnace and is directed so that the flue gases are injected substantially parallel with the upper surface of the grate in the direction opposite to the feeding direction of the supplied fuel.
  • the rear-edge nozzle 6 extends through the rear wall of the furnace in the region above the infeed end of the grate and is directed obliquely upward/forward.
  • Secondary air nozzles 7 are arranged in a line in the respective side walls of the combustion furnace.
  • tertiary air nozzles 8 are arranged in the boundary walls of the gas duct.
  • the combustion chamber of the furnace is formed with an elevated portion 9 which is located above an imaginary extension of the upper boundary wall of the gas duct. Furthermore, a constricted portion 10 is arranged in the inlet of the gas duct.
  • Fig. 2 which is a horizontal cross-section of the combustion furnace, the combustion chamber has a substantially rectangular design in the plane of the sheet of paper.
  • Fig. 2 also indicates a portion of a boiler designated 11 communicating via the gas duct 4 with the combustion chamber of the furnace.
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section of the front wall of the furnace seen from the inside of the combustion chamber.
  • the furnace is provided with three front-edge nozzles 5 but this number may vary depending on the width of the furnace.
  • the gas duct 4 further is circular in cross-section.
  • Fig. 1 describe the inventive combustion.
  • solid fuel in the form of e.g. chips, shavings, rests of trees or the like is fed to the grate 1 via an opening at the infeed end 2 at the rear wall of the furnace.
  • the fuel is fed downward towards the discharge end 3 so that a continuous fuel bed forms over the entire grate.
  • Primary air is injected via holes (not shown) in the grate. This primary air provides a primary combustion of the fuel and a continuous bed of embers forms over the entire grate from which combustible gases are released which ascend in the combustion chamber.
  • the flue gases which are injected through the front-edge nozzles 5 entrain the combustible gases from the bed of embers rearward towards the rear wall of the furnace, as suggested by the flow lines in the Figure.
  • the gases deflect upward and ascend, among other things, by means of the flue gas jets from the rear-edge nozzles 6 which are directed forward/upward and which, just as the front-edge nozzles, may vary in number depending on the width of the furnace.
  • the gases deflect forward and follow the inside of the elevated portion 9.
  • the constricted portion 10 at the orifice of the gas duct also contributes to a certain extent to the circulation, but its primary function is to increase the speed of the gas volume and provide a turbulent flow in the gas duct for efficient admixture of the tertiary air from the tertiary air nozzles 8.
  • the gas will have a long residence time in the combustion chamber, which is advantageous and allows a well-adjusted oxygenation of the combustible gases via the secondary air nozzles 7 in the combustion chamber.
  • the invention makes it possible to design the secondary air nozzles with greater cross-sectional dimensions than before and air may be supplied at an advantageously lower speed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Manufacturing And Processing Devices For Dough (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Fourneau pour combustibles solides comprenant une chambre de combustion, une grille (1) qui est agencée dans une partie inférieure de la chambre de combustion et grâce à laquelle un combustible peut être alimenté en succession à travers la chambre de combustion de l'arrière vers l'avant de celle-ci, des orifices d'admission d'air (7, 8) à travers lesquels l'air nécessaire à la combustion peut être injecté et un conduit de gaz (4) qui s'étend depuis une partie supérieure de la chambre de combustion, moyennant quoi le conduit de gaz (4) est dirigé vers l'avant à distance du fourneau, et des moyens (5, 6) sont agencés pour faire circuler les gaz combustibles sensiblement dans ou parallèlement à un plan vertical à travers l'orifice du conduit de gaz, caractérisé en ce qu'un plafond de la chambre de combustion a une partie élevée (9) qui est située au-dessus d'une extension imaginaire d'une paroi de clôture supérieure du conduit de gaz (4) et en ce que les gaz combustibles circulent d'une manière telle qu'ils montent dans la partie arrière de la chambre de combustion et descendent dans sa partie avant.
  2. Fourneau pour combustibles solides selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens comprennent un gicleur avant (5) qui est agencé dans une partie avant/inférieure du fourneau et injecte du gaz dans la direction arrière.
  3. Fourneau pour combustibles solides selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens comprennent un gicleur arrière (6) qui est dirigé à l'oblique vers le haut/vers l'avant à partir de la région au-dessus de la grille dans la partie arrière du fourneau.
  4. Fourneau pour combustibles solides selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le gaz est injecté à une vitesse qui est inférieure à 50 m/s.
  5. Fourneau pour combustibles solides selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le gaz qui est injecté via les gicleurs avant (5) et arrière (6) est sensiblement inerte.
  6. Fourneau pour combustibles solides selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le gaz comprend des gaz de combustion recyclés.
  7. Fourneau pour combustibles solides selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la circulation a lieu dans un seul circuit ou boucle.
  8. Fourneau pour combustibles solides selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des gicleurs d'air secondaires (7) se terminent dans la chambre de combustion à travers ses parois latérales pour une oxygénation secondaire des gaz combustibles transversalement à leur direction de déplacement, et en ce que les gicleurs d'air secondaires sont agencés en une ligne qui s'étend sensiblement à travers l'axe de rotation horizontal autour duquel tournent les gaz combustibles.
  9. Fourneau pour combustibles solides selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse de l'air qui est appliqué via les gicleurs d'air secondaires (7) est inférieure à 15 m/s, de préférence inférieure à 10 m/s.
  10. Fourneau pour combustibles solides selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le conduit de gaz (4) est étendu dans une direction sensiblement horizontale.
EP99962621A 1998-11-17 1999-11-17 Appareil a combustion pour combustibles solides Expired - Lifetime EP1175581B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9803913 1998-11-17
SE9803913A SE513726C2 (sv) 1998-11-17 1998-11-17 Fastbränsleugn
PCT/SE1999/002113 WO2000029788A1 (fr) 1998-11-17 1999-11-17 Appareil a combustion pour combustibles solides

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1175581A1 EP1175581A1 (fr) 2002-01-30
EP1175581B1 true EP1175581B1 (fr) 2004-04-14

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99962621A Expired - Lifetime EP1175581B1 (fr) 1998-11-17 1999-11-17 Appareil a combustion pour combustibles solides

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1175581B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE264480T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1902700A (fr)
DE (1) DE69916502D1 (fr)
NO (1) NO319075B1 (fr)
SE (1) SE513726C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000029788A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101413658B (zh) * 2008-11-21 2013-04-03 河北华林机械设备有限公司 一种制气复合燃烧链条炉
CN102818027B (zh) * 2012-08-05 2015-01-14 许静 密封托轮组
CN108361691B (zh) * 2015-12-14 2019-06-14 福建省南安市海特机械有限公司 一种生物质能粉末燃烧设备
CN105674304A (zh) * 2016-03-22 2016-06-15 浙江伟明环保股份有限公司 园林垃圾焚烧锅炉

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE139563C1 (fr) * 1943-10-09 1953-03-17
DK72236C (da) * 1948-12-04 1951-03-05 Moering & Steenaart N V Kedel til frembringelse af varmt vand eller lavtryksdamp til centralvarmeinstallationer.
FR980136A (fr) * 1948-12-11 1951-05-08 Fama Dispositif améliorant la combustion des foyers à grilles mécaniques
DE4236073A1 (de) * 1992-10-26 1994-04-28 Waermetechnik Dr Pauli Gmbh Ausbrenneinrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Ausbrennen von Brennstoffen
ES2161798T3 (es) * 1995-05-05 2001-12-16 Bbp Environment Gmbh Procedimiento e instalacion de combustion para quemar basuras.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9803913D0 (sv) 1998-11-17
WO2000029788A1 (fr) 2000-05-25
NO319075B1 (no) 2005-06-13
SE513726C2 (sv) 2000-10-30
AU1902700A (en) 2000-06-05
DE69916502D1 (de) 2004-05-19
NO20012435D0 (no) 2001-05-16
NO20012435L (no) 2001-07-13
SE9803913L (sv) 2000-05-18
EP1175581A1 (fr) 2002-01-30
ATE264480T1 (de) 2004-04-15

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