EP1180778A1 - Relais tristable - Google Patents

Relais tristable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1180778A1
EP1180778A1 EP00117309A EP00117309A EP1180778A1 EP 1180778 A1 EP1180778 A1 EP 1180778A1 EP 00117309 A EP00117309 A EP 00117309A EP 00117309 A EP00117309 A EP 00117309A EP 1180778 A1 EP1180778 A1 EP 1180778A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core element
permanent magnet
relay according
tristable
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00117309A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1180778B1 (fr
Inventor
Graham Bailey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ranco Inc of Delaware
Robertshaw US Holding Corp
Original Assignee
Ranco Inc of Delaware
Ranco Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ranco Inc of Delaware, Ranco Inc filed Critical Ranco Inc of Delaware
Priority to DK00117309T priority Critical patent/DK1180778T3/da
Priority to DE2000637017 priority patent/DE60037017T2/de
Priority to EP20000117309 priority patent/EP1180778B1/fr
Publication of EP1180778A1 publication Critical patent/EP1180778A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1180778B1 publication Critical patent/EP1180778B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tristable relay for the control, e.g., of applications having two loads which are switched in a mutually exclusive manner.
  • One example for an application having two loads being switched in a mutually exclusive manner is a no-frost refrigerator or freezer where the compressor thereof is switched on and off to maintain a pre-defined temperature during normal operation.
  • a defrost operation is carried out whereby the compressor is de-energized and the evaporator heater is energized so as to raise the temperature of the evaporator heater above 0°C hence removing accumulated ice.
  • it is not intended to energize both the compressor and the evaporator heater at the same time.
  • the mutually exclusive switching of the evaporator heater and the compressor may be achieved by use of two independently operator switch arrangements 100, 102, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the switch arrangement 100 switches the compressor on and off while the switch arrangement 102 switches the heater evaporator on and off.
  • the compressor is switched on and off in a cyclic fashion through the switch arrangement 100 until at a specific time t d it is necessary to remove accumulated ice in the evaporator.
  • the heater evaporator is switched on through the switch arrangement 102 to achieve a defrost operation.
  • a drip time period follows in an optional way for further removal of accumulated ice and melt water. Then, the switch arrangement 100 activating and deactivating the compressor is again operated for further freezing operation.
  • bistable relay that does not draw current except during the short transition stage to change the state of the switch arrangements 100, 102.
  • a bistable relay is normally more expensive than a monostable relay so that this saving of energy is achieved only at the expense of higher system costs.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the use of multi-position relay for the switching arrangements operating, e.g., on the basis of the ratchet mechanism.
  • These multi-position relay are known and may be configured with any number of stable positions and contact arrangements. To achieve the next stable position, an energization pulse is applied to a single relay coil of the multi-position relay thus turning the ratchet mechanism always along the same direction.
  • multi-position relays are inherently noisy when moving from one position to another via transient states which is a disadvantage in domestic appliances where audible noise is considered a disturbance.
  • the object of the invention is to achieve an energy-effective switching between different applications/loads at low cost and low noise.
  • this object is achieved through a tristable relay having the features of claim 1.
  • a tristable relay is implemented using a core element having a coil for magnetisation of the core element. Further, a member with at least one permanent magnet defining a first and second magnetic pole region is arranged with respect to the core element such that a relative movement between a member with the permanent magnet and the core element is possible.
  • the tristable relay comprises stopper means for limiting the relative movement of the core element and the member with the at least one permanent magnet between a first and a second limit stop position. According to the present invention different working positions in the tristable relay are maintained stable without further supply of energy to the coil in the core element which - in other words - is only energized to move the element with the at one least permanent magnet.
  • the stopper means limits the relative movement of the core element and the member between a first and second limit stop position.
  • the member having at least one permanent magnet In each stop position the member having at least one permanent magnet is moved slightly out of the related equilibrium position where its magnetic field flux fully closes over the core element. Therefore, there is the tendency of the member having the at least one permanent magnet to move into this equilibrium position. However, as the member with the at least one permanent magnet abuts to the stopper means there is generated a force or torque at either of the first and second limit stop position.
  • the member with the permanent magnet is moved relative to the core element into the first limit stop position through supply of current pulse with a first appropriate polarity to the coil of the core element. Further, the member with the permanent magnet is moved operatively into the second limit stop position through supply of a current impulse with a polarity opposite to the polarity assigned for the first limit stop position. In case the member with the permanent magnet is to be moved into a third position lying between the first and the second limit stop position, this is achieved through supply of a sequence of impulses with alternating polarities to the coil.
  • the various working positions generally are selected by energizing the coil with short positive or negative pulses generated in a control unit to bring the tristable relay into the first to third working position.
  • the third working position is obtained through supply of a short sequence of alternating pulses of calibrated energy to the coil.
  • the energy amount to achieve the third working position is determined as a function of the inertia and self-resonance characteristics of the tristable relay.
  • the tristable relay may be, e.g., ideally suited to the requirements of a relay for the no-frost refrigerator/ freezer application described above.
  • any application requiring a switching between different load situations without continuous energy supply may be easily covered by the tristable relay according to the present invention.
  • the member with the permanent magnet is provided with pole extensions in contact to the poles of the permanent magnet to achieve optimized interaction between the permanent magnet and the core element.
  • the tristable relay uses a rotor as member with a permanent magnet and core elements with two separate pole pieces face each other to form a rotor space for accommodation of the rotor.
  • the pole extensions in contact with the poles of the permanent magnet extend beyond the permanent magnet in a radial direction of the rotor.
  • This preferred embodiment of the invention allows to apply the basic principle outlined above to a rotary arrangement of a tristable relay.
  • the geometry of the pole pieces and the pole extensions is important to determine the direction and the amount of torque generated on the rotor by the pole pieces under stationary conditions and in case the coil is energized.
  • the switch elements are formed by a first fixed contact, a second fixed contact and a lever carrying a third contact.
  • the lever may be moved between the first fixed contact and the second fixed contact.
  • the lever may be positioned between the first fixed contact and the second fixed contact or in abutment to each fixed contact in compliance with the relative movement of the core element and the member.
  • the member is implemented as sliding element adapted to carry out a reciprocal linear movement relative to the core element.
  • pole extensions of the sliding element comprise, e.g., a first U-shaped part and a second U-shaped part contained in the first U-shaped part and the U-shaped parts being arranged in contact with related pole faces of the permanent magnet.
  • this further preferred embodiment of the present invention allows for a linear instead of a rotating movement within the tristable relay.
  • this permanent magnet element is a sintered part made from Ne-Fe-B (Neodimium-Ferrous-Boron).
  • Ne-Fe-B Neodimium-Ferrous-Boron
  • suitable materials for the single part having a plurality of functions are, e.g., plastics of poly-oxy-methylene (POM) or poly-aryl-etherketone material families.
  • POM poly-oxy-methylene
  • POM poly-aryl-etherketone
  • the tristable relay mounts the different parts of the tristable relay to a printed circuit board which may, e.g., be integrated into a moulded plastic housing. Therefore, according to the present invention it is possible to achieve a very compact realization of the tristable relay.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of an ideal relay having two change-over contacts. As shown in Fig. 3, this relay has a left working position, a centre working position, and a right working position. In the left working position a first contact for supply of, e.g., energy to a load is achieved. To the contrary, in the right working position a second contact for supply of, e.g., energy to a further load is achieved. In the middle centre position no contact is established between an energy source and either load.
  • An advantage of the relay illustrated with respect to Fig. 3 over previously discussed relay is that no intermediate states are necessary when switching to desired working positions.
  • the compressor may be cycled between the left working position and the centre working position, left working position, centre working position, ... to achieve the desired cooling performance.
  • the relay moves to the right working position to energize the heater evaporator and perform the defrost operation. In this working position the compressor contact pair remains open so that no cooling takes place.
  • Fig. 5 shows the basic principle underlying the tristable relay according to the different embodiments of the present invention; it should be noted that while Fig. 5 relates to a tristable relay of a rotary type the basic principle described with respect thereto may also be adapted to a tristable relay of the linear movement type, as will be outlined herein further below.
  • the approach underlying the present invention relies on three stable positions or equilibrium states of an arrangement comprising at least a core element 10 having a coil 12 and a member 14 having a permanent magnet 16.
  • the permanent magnet defines a first and second magnetic pole region N and S, respectively, of the member 14.
  • the member 14 and the core element 10 are arranged such that a relative movement between the member 14 and the core element 10 is possible.
  • this arrangement allows for three stable working positions.
  • the magnetic field flux of the permanent magnet 16 is closed over the lower part of the core element 10 while the pole regions N and S of the permanent magnet are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center axis of the core element.
  • the magnetic field flux of the permanent magnet 16 is closed such that it is again closed over the core element, however, with a first pole region, e.g., the N pole tending to align with the center axis of the core element 10.
  • the magnetic field flux is also closed over the core element 10, however, this time with the other magnetic pole piece, e.g., the S pole tending to align with the center axis of the core element.
  • One option would be, e.g., for a transition from the left working position to the middle working position that the pole piece of the core element 10 is temporarily changed to the S pole so that the N magnetic pole region of the permanent magnet 16 is attracted.
  • the member with the permanent magnet is not only maintained in a stable state but also exerts a certain force or torque onto other construction elements of the tristable relay.
  • a left or first stopper 18 and a right or second stopper 20 allow to restrict the movement of the member 14 with the permanent magnet such that in the left and right working position the member 14 is not moved into the actual equilibrium state but is stopped shortly before reaching this state.
  • stoppers 18, 20 allow to restrict the movement of the member 14 with the permanent magnet such that in the left and right working position the member 14 is not moved into the actual equilibrium state but is stopped shortly before reaching this state.
  • Fig. 5 shows in the left part schematically contact elements 22, 24 provided at the left and right side, respectively, of the permanent magnet 16.
  • the left stopper 18 is used as a first left contact area according to the left working position and the right stopper is used as a second right contact area 28 according to the right working position.
  • the related stopper and contact area may be provided separately.
  • the member 14 with the permanent magnet 16 in dependence of the working position either has no contact to the contact elements 22, 24 in the middle position or it achieves a contact between the first contact element 22 and the first contact area 18 in the left working position or a contact between the second contact element 24 and the second contact area 20 in the right working position.
  • contact elements 22, 24 and the contact areas shown in Fig. 5 are only illustrative and that clearly the positioning thereof as well as the specific realization may be achieved in many different ways according to the requirements of the specific application. It is the relative movement between the member 14 and the core element 10 that allows to achieve the advantages according to the present invention.
  • the tristable relay of the rotor type comprises a core element 10 and the coil 12 for excitation of the core element 10. Further, there is provided the member 14 with the permanent magnet 16. To change the different working positions the core element is excited through the coil 12 through supply of current thereto via terminals 26, 28, respectively.
  • the core element 10 has a specific structure with two separate pole pieces 10-1, 10-2 facing each other to form a rotor space therebetween to accommodate the member 14 with the permanent magnet 16.
  • the member 14 is a rotor comprising the permanent magnet 16.
  • the rotor 14 comprises pole extensions 30, 32 in contact with the poles of the permanent magnet 16 to achieve optimized interaction between the permanent magnet 16 and the core element 10.
  • the pole extensions 30, 32 extend beyond the permanent magnet and have two concave recesses that are diametrically opposed.
  • the form of the recesses and the pole extensions is chosen such that the tristable relay is optimized with respect to certain operation conditions, e.g., the torque that should be exerted on the contact elements to close either of the relay contacts.
  • the tristable relay of the rotor type having the structure shown in Fig. 6 has three stable working positions shown in the Figs. 6 to 8.
  • each of the working positions shown in Figs. 6 to 8 corresponds to the left, middle, and right working position shown in Fig. 5.
  • the first working position shown in Fig. 6 is related to the middle working position shown in Fig. 5 where the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 16 concatenates over the single poles of the core element, i.e. via 10-1 and 10-2.
  • the member 14 has its clockwise rotation limited, e.g., through the left stopper or through contact areas abutting against each other.
  • the flux of the permanent magnet 16 flows from the lower to the upper side as shown by the arrows in Fig. 7, i.e. in the direction south/north.
  • the magnetic flux is somewhat distorted from the equilibrium point which will correspond to magnetic flux lines running along a straight line from the north to south.
  • Fig. 8 shows the left working position shown in Fig. 5.
  • the only difference is that the torque is generated in a counter-clockwise direction to close the other two contacts.
  • the upper and lower pole pieces of the core element 10 will also invert their magnetic polarity subjecting the element with the permanent magnet to a clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation due to the attractive/repulsive effect that the pole pieces 10-1, 10-2 exert on the contact pairs.
  • the rotor 14 assumes the position illustrated either in Figs. 7 and 8 at which point the coil energization may be terminated.
  • the contact elements and related contact areas rest against each other to stop the permanent magnet at an angle of either ⁇ 1 or ⁇ 2 relative to the vertical axis.
  • an abutment force of the contact elements is achieved by deliberately keeping the flow of the magnetic flux lines distorted to generate a clockwise or counter-clockwise torque onto the contact elements.
  • Fig. 9 shows the use of the tristable relay of the rotary type being used together with external switching arrangements.
  • Fig. 9 again shows the core element 10 and the coil 12 and also the movable member 14 with the permanent magnet, this time in a schematic way.
  • the movable element 14 may be provided with actuator pins 34, 36 adapted to guide a lever 38 rotably supported by, e.g., a revolution joint.
  • the lever carries a contact element 40.
  • a sliding element 14 is adapted to carry out the reciprocal linear movement relative to the core element 10.
  • the pole extension of the sliding element 14 comprises a first U-shaped part 46 and a second U-shaped part 48 protruding outside the first U-shaped part 46.
  • the U-shaped parts 46, 48 are in contact with the pole faces of the permanent magnet 16.
  • the core element 10 comprises a U-shaped yoke 10 carrying the coil 12.
  • the yoke As shown in Fig. 11, to bring the tristable relay into the position with a closed left contact part, the yoke is magnetized such that the pole piece 10-1 has, e.g., S-polarity and the pole piece 10-2 has N-polarity. Therefore, at the left side there is exerted an attraction force onto the upper U-shaped part 46 and a repulsion force onto the lower U-shaped part 48. Accordingly, at the right side there is exerted a repulsion force between the pole piece 10-1 of the yoke 10 and the related upper U-shaped part 46 and further an attraction force to the lower U-shaped part 48.
  • the left contact part Once the left contact part is closed, no further energy will be supplied to the coil 12 and the magnetic flux will close along the dashed line shown in Fig. 11 so as to maintain this position as stable working position.
  • Fig. 13 shows an embodiment of the present invention where the tristable relay of the rotary type is provided with a printed circuit board and therefore may easily be inserted into a, e.g., plastic moulded housing.
  • the tristable relay of the rotary type is assembled in a suitably designed moulded plastic box 58.
  • the moulded plastic box 58 and the components of the tristable relay of the rotary type are designed such that the components are located and held after assembly without requiring any further fixing mechanism.
  • the coil 12 may be inserted into a coil holder 60.
  • the member 14 with the permanent magnet and optional pole extensions in contact with the poles of the permanent magnet is supported by a cup type bearing 62.
  • the design of the cup type bearing 62 is such that it allows free rotation of the member 14 but simultaneously prevents the member 14 from tilting under the magnetic attraction of the pole pieces 10-1, 10-2.
  • the two pole pieces 10-1, 10-2 are positioned using related pole piece locators of which only one 64 is shown.
  • the curved ends of the pole pieces 10-1, 10-2 are brought into contact with the coil 12 through appropriate design of the coil holder 60 such that the pole pieces 10-1, 10-2 touch the pole piece locators 64 with slight pressure keeping them away from the member 14.
  • a first fixed contact 66 carrying the previously described left contact face 42, 54 and a second fixed contact 68 carrying the previously described right contact face 44, 56.
  • a moving contact 70 corresponding to the previously described lever 38, 50 and carrying the previously described contact element 40, 52.
  • a fixed contact 66, 68 and the movable contact 70 are made from stamped material and double folded at the terminal end to form a flexible blade having a stiff contact element and contact face, respectively.
  • the fixed contact 66, 68 and the movable contact 70 are located in the box through a labyrinth type of arrangement to secure the fixed and movable contacts.
  • terminal access holes 74 for external access to the fixed and movable contacts, respectively.
  • a printed circuit board PCB 76 is mounted as a cover or lid on the moulded plastic housing.
  • the coil pins 78 and the terminal pins 80 protrude through the printed circuit board 76 so that they can be soldered to the printed circuit board 76.
  • the necessary electrical contact for the supply of the current to the coil 12 and to achieve the switching functionality described with respect to Fig. 4 may be achieved.
  • An alternate current pulse is sent to the coil 12 to bring the member 14 with the permanent magnet 16 into the middle working position according to the lefthand side of Fig. 5 starting at one of these stable positions shown in the middle part and the right part of Fig. 5.
  • the energy of the alternate pulse is calibrated such that it is strong enough to move the member 14 away from one of its stable positions shown in the middle and right side of Fig. 5 (or equivalently, in Fig. 7, 8 and Fig. 11, 12, respectively) but weak enough to exclude a full travel from the left to the right working position or vice versa. That means, the energy will be weak enough to allow an osciallation around the middle position at which point the supply of alternating pulses is terminated with the member 14 stabilizing in the middle position shown in Figs. 6 and 10.
  • a duration of the power and energy of the alternating pulses is a function of the inertia of the member 14, i.e. the rotor or the sliding element and also of the self-resonance of the tristable relay. Because the rotor and the sliding element have the tendency to stabilize at the middle working position the parameters of the alternate pulses allow for fairly large tolerances.
  • Fig. 14 shows a control circuit adapted to the provision of a conventional selector that allows to achieve progressively decreasing voltage or current pulses in full wave.
  • a single positive pulse is guided over the diode D1 and goes through the capacitor C1 and further current pulses are precluded as the capacitor C1 is loaded.
  • a single negative pulse may go over diode D2 and then through the capacitor C2. Again, further current pulses are precluded as the capacitor C2 is loaded.
  • position C alternate current pulses are sent to energize the coil.
  • the damping of the amplitudes of the alternate current pulses is achieved through a PCT thermistor heating up and reducing the current to a negligible value after a short time. This results in a progressively reduced tendency to oscillate around the middle position.
  • FIG. 15 Another option shown in Fig. 15 relates to an electronic controller wherein a coil L is driven with alternate current via thyristors T1 and T2.
  • a coil L is driven with alternate current via thyristors T1 and T2.
  • a single positive semi-wave is triggered by the control unit.
  • a single negative semi-wave is triggered by a control unit.
  • alternate split semi-waves are sent by triggering the thyristors T1, T2 in sequence such that the energy is calibrated through selection of the timing at which the thyristors T1, T2 are triggered.
  • FIG. 16 Another option for the electronic control is shown in Fig. 16 and relates to a coil L driven with direct current via a field effect transistor FET bridge.
  • a positive pulse is generated by triggering the field effect transistors A and D.
  • the pulse length is selectively determined through the logic.
  • a negative pulse is generated by triggering the field effect transistors B and C.
  • the pulse length is selectively determined through the logic.
  • alternative positive/negative pulses are triggered in sequence. Again, the pulse length, frequency and duration is determined by the logic so as to send a calibrated amount of energy.
  • the permanent magnet may be a sintered part made, e.g, from Ne-Fe-B (Neodimium-Ferrous-Boron) or a single plastic part charged with ferrite combining the functions of the permanent magnet and associate magnetic pole extensions.
  • Ferrite-charged materials known for their chemical stability are, e.g., plastics of the poly-oxy-methylene (POM) or poly-aryl-etherketone families.
  • the operation of the tristable relay is effected by energizing the coil with short pulses of current whose positive, negative, alternative nature defines the position of the tristable relay once the coil is de-energized.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
EP20000117309 2000-08-18 2000-08-18 Relais tristable Expired - Lifetime EP1180778B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK00117309T DK1180778T3 (da) 2000-08-18 2000-08-18 Tristabilt relæ
DE2000637017 DE60037017T2 (de) 2000-08-18 2000-08-18 Tristabiles Relais
EP20000117309 EP1180778B1 (fr) 2000-08-18 2000-08-18 Relais tristable

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20000117309 EP1180778B1 (fr) 2000-08-18 2000-08-18 Relais tristable

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1180778A1 true EP1180778A1 (fr) 2002-02-20
EP1180778B1 EP1180778B1 (fr) 2007-11-07

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EP20000117309 Expired - Lifetime EP1180778B1 (fr) 2000-08-18 2000-08-18 Relais tristable

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EP (1) EP1180778B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60037017T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK1180778T3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006059822A1 (de) * 2006-12-11 2008-06-12 Integrated Electronic Systems !Sys Consulting Gmbh Elektrische Steuereinrichtung
CN115565826A (zh) * 2022-09-21 2023-01-03 重庆大学 一种基于双稳态逻辑单元的机械式逻辑门

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB683431A (en) * 1950-06-22 1952-11-26 Telephone Mfg Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electromagnetic devices
FR1599391A (fr) * 1968-12-11 1970-07-15
GB2128407A (en) * 1982-08-17 1984-04-26 Sds Elektro Gmbh Electromagnetic switch
EP0172080A1 (fr) * 1984-07-20 1986-02-19 Telemecanique Electro-aimant polarisé à trois états et circuit pour sa commande
US6046660A (en) * 1999-04-07 2000-04-04 Gruner; Klaus A. Latching magnetic relay assembly with a linear motor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB683431A (en) * 1950-06-22 1952-11-26 Telephone Mfg Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electromagnetic devices
FR1599391A (fr) * 1968-12-11 1970-07-15
GB2128407A (en) * 1982-08-17 1984-04-26 Sds Elektro Gmbh Electromagnetic switch
EP0172080A1 (fr) * 1984-07-20 1986-02-19 Telemecanique Electro-aimant polarisé à trois états et circuit pour sa commande
US6046660A (en) * 1999-04-07 2000-04-04 Gruner; Klaus A. Latching magnetic relay assembly with a linear motor

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006059822A1 (de) * 2006-12-11 2008-06-12 Integrated Electronic Systems !Sys Consulting Gmbh Elektrische Steuereinrichtung
CN115565826A (zh) * 2022-09-21 2023-01-03 重庆大学 一种基于双稳态逻辑单元的机械式逻辑门

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK1180778T3 (da) 2008-02-18
EP1180778B1 (fr) 2007-11-07
DE60037017D1 (de) 2007-12-20
DE60037017T2 (de) 2008-08-21

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