EP1185506A1 - Dinitriles d'acide arylmalonique substitue comme intermediaires de preparation d'herbicides - Google Patents

Dinitriles d'acide arylmalonique substitue comme intermediaires de preparation d'herbicides

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Publication number
EP1185506A1
EP1185506A1 EP00942072A EP00942072A EP1185506A1 EP 1185506 A1 EP1185506 A1 EP 1185506A1 EP 00942072 A EP00942072 A EP 00942072A EP 00942072 A EP00942072 A EP 00942072A EP 1185506 A1 EP1185506 A1 EP 1185506A1
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Prior art keywords
alkyl
alkoxy
alkynyl
amino
formula
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German (de)
English (en)
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Anita Schnyder
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Syngenta Participations AG
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Syngenta Participations AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/34—Nitriles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/57—Nitriles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
    • C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C255/32—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C255/33—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring with cyano groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by saturated carbon chains
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/26—Radicals substituted by halogen atoms or nitro radicals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to new substituted arylmalonic acid dinitriles as intermediates for a surprisingly advantageous overall process for the preparation of known, herbicidally active 3-hydroxy-4-aryl-5-oxopyrazoline derivatives, to a process for the preparation of those intermediates and to their use in the preparation of 3-hydroxy-4-aryl-5-oxopyrazoline derivatives.
  • Arylmalonic acid dinitriles and their preparation by means of palladium complexes are described, for example, in Chem. Commun. 1984, 932 and JP-A-60 197 650. Furthermore, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 , 1473 (1999) describes the arylation of malonates by means of palladium catalysts.
  • New substituted arylmalonic acid dinitriles have now been found which are outstandingly suitable as intermediates for an advantageous process for the preparation of herbicidal 3-hydroxy-4-aryl-5-oxopyrazoline derivatives.
  • the present invention accordingly relates to compounds of formula I
  • Ro is, each independently of any other, halogen, C C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C ⁇ -C 6 haloalkyl, cyano-C C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyl, cyano-C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 haloalkynyl, cyano-C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, hydroxy, hydroxy-C C 6 alkyl, CrC-ealkoxy, nitro, amino, C ⁇ - C 6 alkylamino, di(C C6alkyl)amino, CrCealkylcarbonylamino, CrC 6 alkylsulfonylamino, C C 6 alkylaminosulfonyl, C C 6 alkylcarbonyl, C ⁇ -C 6 alkylcarbonyl-CrC 6 alkyl, C C 6 - alk
  • R 0 together with the adjacent substituents R 1 ( R 2 and R 3 , forms a saturated or unsaturated C 3 -C 6 hydrocarbon bridge that may be interrupted by 1 or 2 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur and/or substituted by d-C alkyl;
  • R L R 2 and R 3 are, each independently of the others, hydrogen, halogen, C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 - alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 haloaikyl, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyl, C ⁇ -C 6 aikoxy- carbonyl-C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, d-C6alkylcarbonyl-C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, cyano-C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, nitro-C 2 -C 6 - alkenyl, C 2
  • R 2 also may be phenyl, naphthyl or a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring that may contain 1 or 2 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the phenyl ring, the naphthyl ring system and the 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring may be substituted by halogen, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, hydroxy, mercapto, amino, cyano, nitro or by formyl; and/or the phenyl ring, the naphthyl ring system and the 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring may be substituted by d-C 6 alkyl, d-C 6 alkoxy, hydroxy-d-C 6 alkyl, d-Cealkoxy-d-Cealkyl, d-C 6 - alkoxy-d-C 6 alkoxy, C C 6 alkylcarbonyl, d-C 6 alkylthio, C C 6 alkylsul
  • halogen is to be understood as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine.
  • alkyl groups occurring in the substituent definitions are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl, and the pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl and dodecyl isomers.
  • Haloalkyl groups preferably have a chain length of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Haloalkyl is, for example, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, difluorochloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2- fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl or pentafluoroethyl, preferably trichloromethyl, difluorochloromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl or dichlorofluoromethyl.
  • Alkoxy groups preferably have a chain length of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Alkoxy is, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert- butoxy, or a pentyloxy or hexyloxy isomer, preferably methoxy, ethoxy or n-propoxy.
  • Haloalkoxy is, for example, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoro- ethoxy, 1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy or 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy.
  • alkenyl radicals vinyl, allyl, methallyl, 1 - methylvinyl, but-2-en-1-yl, pentenyl and 2-hexenyl; preferably alkenyl radicals having a chain length of from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • alkynyl radicals ethynyl, propargyl, 1-methyl- propargyl, 3-butynyl, but-2-yn-1-yl, 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl, but-3-yn-2-yl, 1 -pentynyl, pent-4- yn-1 -yl and 2-hexynyl; preferably alkynyl radicals having a chain length of from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable haloalkenyl radicals include alkenyl groups substituted one or more times by halogen, halogen being in particular bromine or iodine and especially fluorine or chlorine, for example 2- and 3-fluoropropenyl, 2- and 3-chloropropenyl, 2- and 3-bromopropenyl, 2,2- difluoro-1 -methylvinyl, 2,3,3-trifluoropropenyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropenyl, 2,3,3- trichloropropenyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-en-1 -yl and 4,4,4-trichlorobut-2-en-1 -yl.
  • Preferred alkenyl radicals substituted once, twice or three times by halogen are those having a chain length of from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the alkenyl groups may be substituted by halogen at saturated or unsaturated carbon atoms.
  • Alkoxyalkyl groups have preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Alkoxyalkyl is, for example, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, n-propoxymethyl, n-propoxyethyl, isopropoxymethyl or isopropoxyethyl.
  • Haloalkoxy is, for example, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-tri- fluoroethoxy, 1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy or 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy.
  • Alkenyloxy is, for example, allyloxy, methallyloxy or but-2-en-1 -yloxy.
  • Suitable haloalkenyloxy groups include alkenyloxy groups substituted one or more times by halogen, halogen being in particular bromine or iodine and especially fluorine or chlorine, for example 2- and 3-fluoropropenyloxy, 2- and 3-chloropropenyloxy, 2- and 3- bromopropenyloxy, 2,3,3-trifluoropropenyloxy, 2,3,3-trichloropropenyloxy, 4,4,4-trifluorobut- 2-en-1 -yloxy and 4,4,4-trichlorobut-2-en-1-yloxy.
  • Alkynyloxy is, for example, propargyloxy or 1 -methylpropargyloxy.
  • Suitable cycloalkyl substituents contain from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and are, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl. They may be substituted one or more times by halogen, preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine.
  • Alkylcarbonyl is especially acetyl or propionyl.
  • Alkoxycarbonyl is, for example, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl or a butoxycarbonyl, pentyloxycarbonyl or hexyloxycarbonyl isomer, preferably methoxycarbonyl or ethoxycarbonyl.
  • Alkylthio groups preferably have a chain length of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Alkylthio is, for example, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio or hexylthio, or a branched isomer thereof, but is preferably methylthio or ethylthio.
  • Haloalkylthio is, for example, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio or 2,2,2-trichloroethylthio.
  • Alkylsulfinyl is, for example, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, n-propylsuifinyl, isopropylsulfinyl, n-butylsulfinyl, isobutylsulfinyl, sec-butylsulfinyl or tert-butylsulfinyl, preferably methylsulfinyl or ethylsulfinyl.
  • Alkylsulfonyl is, for example, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl, isobutylsulfonyl, sec-butylsulfonyl or tert-butylsulfonyl, preferably methylsulfonyl or ethylsulfonyl.
  • Alkylamino is, for example, methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino or a butyl-, pentyl- or hexyl-amine isomer.
  • Dialkylamino is, for example, dimethylamino, methylethylamino, diethylamino, n-propyl- methylamino, dibutylamino or diisopropylamino.
  • Alkylthioalkyl is, for example, methylthiomethyl, methylthioethyl, ethylthiomethyl, ethylthio- ethyl, n-propylthiomethyl, n-propylthioethyl, isopropylthiomethyl or isopropylthioethyl. .
  • Phenyl and naphthyl in the definition of R 2 and phenoxy in the definition of R 1f R and R 3 may be in substituted form, in which case the substituents may, as desired, be in the ortho-, meta- and/or para-position and, in the case of the naphthyl ring system, in addition in the 5-, 6-, 7- and/or 8-position.
  • Suitable 5- or 6-membered aromatic rings that contain 1 or 2 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur in the definition of R 0 and R 2 are pyrrolidyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, quinoxalyl, indolyl and quinolyl.
  • These heteroaromatic radicals may, in addition, be substituted.
  • the carbon atom of the carbonyl is not included in the upper and lower limits given for the number of carbons in each particular case.
  • R ⁇ R 2 and R 3 are, each independently of the others, hydrogen, halogen, d-C 4 alkyl, d-C 4 haloalkyl, C 2 -C alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 4 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, d-C 4 alkylcarbonyl, C C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, d-C 4 alkoxy, C 3 - or C 4 -alkenyloxy, C 3 - or C 4 -alkynyloxy, d-C 4 haloalkoxy, nitro or amino.
  • R is C 2 -C 4 alkyl, d-dalkoxy, C 2 -C 4 alkynyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and R 3 is d-C 4 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 4 alkoxy, C 2 -C 4 alkynyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
  • Ri and R 3 are, each independently of the other, C 2 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, d-C 10 alkoxy or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
  • R is C 2 -C 6 alkyl and R 3 is C 2 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl or C ⁇ -C ⁇ oalkoxy.
  • Chem. Commun. 1984, 932 and JP-A-60 197 650 describe a palladium-catalysed synthesis of arylmalonic dinitriles, in yields of from 56 to 95 %, by C-C linkage of aryl halides - unsubstituted or mono-substituted in the 2- or 4-position - with the malonic dinitrile anion.
  • the present process is distinguished by: a) wide variability of reaction media and reaction conditions, b) high volume concentrations of the reactants (up to 10%), c) a large number of suitable palladium catalysts, d) widely - especially in the 2- and 6-positions - substituted phenyl derivatives as starting compounds, having various leaving groups, including sterically hindered (low-reactivity) leaving groups, e) easy accessibility of the starting compounds, f) the use of catalysts that are either commercially available or easily prepared 'in situ' from commercially available palladium salts, such as, for example, palladium(ll) chloride solution (20 %) in concentrated hydrochloric acid with the addition of dimethyl acetamide (DMA) as solubility promoter, and corresponding ligands, g) a simple reaction procedure, such as, for example, reaction of the 'in situ'-generated malonic acid dinitrile anion and palladium catalyst with an aryl halide or arylsulfonate, h)
  • the present preparation process is therefore suitable especially for the large-scale preparation of arylmalonic acid dinitrile derivatives of formula I.
  • the process according to the invention for the preparation of compounds of formula I comprises reacting a compound of formula II
  • R 0 , R ⁇ , R 2) R 3 and n are as defined for formula I and X is a leaving group, with the malonic acid dinitrile anion in an inert solvent in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
  • the malonic acid dinitrile anion is preferably prepared 'in situ' from malonic acid dinitrile and a base.
  • the compounds of formula I are obtained from the compounds of formula II by adding the latter, in a first reaction step, at a temperature of from 0° to 100°C, to a prepared solution of malonic acid dinitrile in a suitable solvent, for example an aromatic hydrocarbon, an ether or dimethyl sulfoxide, e.g. xylene or tetrahydrofuran, and in the presence of a base, for example an alkali metal alcoholate, e.g.
  • a suitable solvent for example an aromatic hydrocarbon, an ether or dimethyl sulfoxide, e.g. xylene or tetrahydrofuran
  • a base for example an alkali metal alcoholate, e.g.
  • a palladium catalyst for example a separately prepared palladium catalyst, for example, bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)palladium(ll) dichloride (Pd(PCy 3 ) 2 CI ).
  • the coupling reaction is started by heating the resulting reaction solution to a temperature of from 30° to 250°C, depending on the solvent used.
  • Suitable leaving groups X for the C-C linkage reaction of the compound of formula II with the malonic acid dinitrile anion in the presence of palladium catalysts are halogen, R 10 S(O) 2 O- (wherein R 10 is d-C alkyl, preferably methyl, d-C 4 haloalkyl, preferably halomethyl or n-C 4 F 9 , aryl, preferably phenyl, or phenyl mono- to tri-substituted by halogen, methyl or by halomethyl) and mono-, di- or tri-arylmethoxy.
  • aryl radicals of the mono-, di- and tri-arylmethoxy groups are preferably phenyl radicals, which may be substituted for example by methyl from once to three times, the substituents preferably being in the 2-, 4- and/or 6-position of the phenyl ring.
  • Examples of such leaving groups are methylsulfonyloxy (mesylate), trifluoromethylsulfonyl- oxy (triflate), p-tolylsulfonyloxy (tosylate), CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 S(O) 2 O- (nonaflate), diphenylmethoxy, di(methylphenyl)methoxy, triphenylmethoxy (trityl) and tri(methylphenyl)methoxy.
  • the palladium catalysts suitable for the C-C linkage reaction of the compound of formula II with the malonic acid dinitrile anion are generally palladium(ll) or palladium(O) complexes, such as, for example, palladium(ll) dihalides, palladium(ll) acetate, palladium(ll) sulfate, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ll) dichloride, bis(tricyclopentylphosphine)palladium(ll) dichloride, bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)palladium(ll) dichloride, bis(dibenzylideneacetone)- palladium(O) or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).
  • palladium(ll) dihalides palladium(ll) acetate, palladium(ll) sulfate
  • bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ll) dichloride bis(tri
  • the palladium catalyst can also be prepared 'in situ' from palladium(ll) or palladium(O) compounds as a result of complexing with the desired ligands, for example by placing the palladium(ll) salt to be complexed, e.g. palladium(ll) dichloride (PdCI 2 ) or palladium(II) acetate (Pd(OAc) 2 ), together with the desired ligand e.g. triphenylphosphine (PPh 3 ) or tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy 3 ) together with the selected solvent, malonic acid dinitrile and base.
  • the palladium(ll) salt e.g. palladium(ll) dichloride (PdCI 2 ) or palladium(II) acetate (Pd(OAc) 2
  • the desired ligand e.g. triphenylphosphine (PPh 3 ) or tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy
  • Palladium(ll) dichloride as a reasonably priced palladium salt, can advantageously also be used in the form of a 20 % PdCI 2 -solution in concentrated hydrochloric acid and in the presence of dimethyl acetamide (DMA) as solubility promoter (Examples P4 and P17), whereas the more expensive palladium(ll) diacetate is substantially soluble, for example, in tetrahydrofuran.
  • the desired ligand is advantageously added to the reaction medium in a molar excess of up to 10, based on the palladium salt. Heating the reaction medium then causes the palladium(ll) or palladium(O) complex desired for the C-C coupling reaction to form 'in situ', which then starts the C-C coupling reaction.
  • Suitable ligands for palladium(ll) and palladium(O) complexes are trimethyl- phosphine, triethylphosphine, tris(tert-butyl)phosphine, tricyclopentylphosphine, tricyclo- hexylphosphine (PCy 3 ), tri(methylcyclohexyl)phosphine, methyl(tetramethylene)phosphine, tert-butyl(pentamethylene)phosphine, triphenylphosphine (PPh 3 ), tri(methylphenyl)- phosphine, 1 ,2-(diphenylphosphino)cyclohexane, 1 ,2-(diphenylphosphino)cyclopentane, 2,2'-(diphenylphosphino)biphenyl, 1 ,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1 ,3-bis(diphenyl
  • R 10 is hydrogen or dimethylamino
  • Rn is cyclohexyl or tert-butyl.
  • These latter electron- rich and sterically bulky diphenyl derivatives are especially suitable phosphine ligands for the preparation of the present specific palladium catalysts, the so-called Buchwald catalysts.
  • These, in turn, are especially suitable for the C-C linkage according to the invention of malonic acid dinitrile with polysubstituted aryl derivatives in combination with alkali metal hydrides or alkali metal phosphates as the base and toluene or xylenes as solvent.
  • N-, P- and/or As atoms of those ligands may be substituted by identical or different, straight-chain or branched aliphatic radicals containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and especially from 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • unsubstituted or d-C 4 alkyl-substituted C 5 -C 7 cycloalkyl unsubstituted or d-C alkyl-substituted C 6 -C ⁇ oaryl radicals, especially phenyl and alkylphenyl radicals, and the benzyl radical, which is unsubstituted or substituted by C C alkyl.
  • Two of the aliphatic radicals bound to the hetero atoms N, P and/or As may together form an unsubstituted or d-C 4 alkyl-substituted C 4 - or C 5 -hydrocarbon bridge, thereby forming, together with the hetero atom, a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring.
  • two of the N, P and/or As atoms are (bivalently) linked by way of an aliphatic, unsubstituted or C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl-substituted C 2 -C 5 hydrocarbon chain.
  • the aliphatic, bivalent hydrocarbon chain can optionally be interrupted by 1 or 2 hetero atoms, such as, for example O, N and/or S and/or may be part of a ring or ring system.
  • the palladium catalysts are used in an amount of from 0.001 to 50 mol %, preferably in an amount of from 0.01 to 10 mol % and especially in an amount of from 0.1 to 3 mol %, based on the compound of formula II.
  • Suitable solvents for the formation of the malonic acid dinitrile anion (Step 1 in Reaction Scheme 1 ) and for the palladium-catalysed C-C linkage reaction with the compound of formula II (Step 2 in Reaction Scheme 1 ) are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as, for example, pentane, hexane, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, methyl- cyclohexane, benzene, toluene and xylenes, aliphatic halohydrocarbons, such as, for example, methylene chloride, chloroform and di- or tetrachlorethane, nitriles, such as, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile and benzonitrile, ethers, such as, for example, diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether,
  • Suitable bases for the preparation of the malonic acid dinitrile anion are weakly nucleophilic bases, such as, for example, tri-alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydrides, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal amides and alkali metal alcoholates, for example tripotassium phosphate, potassium or sodium tert-butanolate, lithium diisopropyl- amide (LDA) and potassium or sodium hydride.
  • the said bases are preferably used in an excess of from 2 to 10 equivalents, based on malonic acid dinitrile.
  • Base/solvent combinations especially suitable for producing the malonic acid dinitrile anions are, for example, alkali metal alcoholates in aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, for example sodium tert-butanolate in xylene.
  • Combinations of palladium catalysts and leaving groups X in compounds of formula II that are especially suitable for the C-C linkage reaction are palladium(ll)-bis(tricycloalkylphosphine) dihalides and halogens, for example palladium(ll)- bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) dichloride and bromide.
  • the formation of the malonic acid dinitrile anion is carried out at reaction temperatures of from 0° to 100°C, preferably at temperatures of from 20° to 80°C, and the reaction thereof with the compound of formula II in the presence of the palladium catalyst is carried out at reaction temperatures of from 30° to 250°C, preferably from 50° to 200°C and especially from 80° to 160°C, depending on the reaction medium and reaction pressure used.
  • the C-C coupling reaction of the malonic acid dinitrile anion with a compound of formula II may optionally be carried out at an elevated pressure of from 1.1 to 10 bar. That process in a closed system at an elevated pressure is suitable especially for reactions at temperatures above the boiling point of the solvent used, for example at temperatures of 140°C in the case of toluene.
  • R 0 , Ri, R 2 , R3 and n are as defined for formula I, via the corresponding diazonium salts.
  • R 0 , Ri, R 2 , R 3 and n are as defined hereinbefore.
  • substituted anilines of formula VIII either are known or can be prepared by known methods, for example as described in EP-A-0 362 667 via alkylation of anilines using olefins.
  • substituted phenols of formula IX either are known or can be prepared, for example, from the corresponding anilines of formula VIII or diazonium salts thereof by so- called Phenolic Boiling. Th e following Reaction Scheme 2 illustrates the possible methods of preparing the compounds of formula II.
  • R 0 , Ri, R 2 , R3 and n are as defined for formula I, and R 4 and R 5 are, each independently of the other, hydrogen, C C 12 alkyl, d-C 12 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 - alkynyl, C ⁇ -C 10 alkoxy-CrC 8 alkyl, poly-C ⁇ -C ⁇ 0 alkoxy-C ⁇ -C 8 alkyl, CrCioalkylthio-CrC ⁇ alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 halocycloalkyl, 4- to 8-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, ⁇ - or ⁇ -naphthyl, phenyl-d-Cealkyl, ⁇ - or ⁇ -naphthyl-C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl or 5- or 6-membered hetero
  • R 4 and R 5 together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are bonded, form a saturated or unsaturated, 5- to 8-membered heterocyclic ring that 1 ) may be interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or by -NR 7 - and/or substituted by halogen, d-C 10 alkyl, C C 10 haloalkyl, hydroxy, d- C 6 alkoxy, d-Cealkoxy-d-Cealkoxy, C ⁇ -C 6 haloalkoxy, mercapto, C ⁇ -C 6 alkylthio, C 3 -C 7 cyclo- alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C C 6 alkyl, phenyl, phenyl-C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl or by benzyloxy, wherein the phenyl rings of the last 3 substituents may in turn be substituted by halogen, d-C 6 alkyl, d-Cehaloalkyi, d-C 6 alk
  • Polyalkoxy-alkyl is, for example, methoxymethoxy-methyl, ethoxymethoxy-methyl, ethoxy- ethoxy-methyl, n-propoxyethoxy-methyl, isopropoxyethoxy-methyl, methoxymethoxy-ethyl, ethoxymethoxy-ethyl, ethoxyethoxy-ethyl, n-propoxyethoxy-methyl, n-propoxyethoxy-ethyl, isopropoxyethoxy-methyl, isopropoxyethoxy-ethyl or (ethoxy) 3 -ethyl.
  • Phenyl and naphthyl may be in substituted form, in which case the substituents may, as desired, be in the ortho-, meta- and/or para-position and, in the case of the naphthyl ring system, in addition in the 5-, 6-, 7- and/or 8-position. Preferred positions for the substituents are the ortho- and para-position to the ring attachment point.
  • Phenyl and naphthyl substituents are, for example, C C alkyl, halogen, d-C 6 haloalkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy, d-C 6 halo- alkoxy, nitro, cyano, amino, C ⁇ -C 4 alkylamino and di(d-C alkyl)amino.
  • Heterocyclyl radicals in the definition of R and R 5 are preferably 4- to 8-membered rings that contain 1 or 2 hetero atoms, such as, for example, N, S and/or O. They are usually saturated.
  • Heteroaryl radicals in the definition of R and R 5 are usually 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycles that preferably contain from 1 to 3 hetero atoms, such as N, S and/or O.
  • suitable heterocyclyl and heteroaryl radicals are pyrrolidyl, piperidyl, pyranyl, dioxanyl, azetidyl, oxetanyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, furyl, thienyl, morpholyl, piperazinyl, pyrazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, quinoxalyl, indolyl and quinolyl.
  • heterocycles and heteroaromatic radicals may, in addition, be substituted, for example by halogen, d-C 6 alkyl, d-C 6 alkoxy, d-C 6 haloalkyl, d-C 6 halogenalkoxy, nitro or by cyano.
  • Metal ion equivalents such as, for example, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ions, and ammonium ions, for the substituent G in the compound of formula III are, for example, the cations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and ammonium, such as, for example, triethylammonium and methylammonium.
  • Sulfonium cations include, for example, tri(d-C 4 - alkyl)sulfonium cations and can be obtained, for example, by converting the corresponding alkali metal salts, e.g. with the aid of a cation exchanger.
  • R 4 and R 5 together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are bonded, form a saturated or unsaturated, 5- to 8-membered heterocyclic ring that 1) may be interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or by -NR 7 - and/or substituted by halogen, d-C ⁇ 0 alkyl, d-C ⁇ 0 haloalkyl, hydroxy, C C 6 alkoxy, d-C-ealkoxy-d-Csalkoxy, d-C 6 halo- alkoxy, mercapto, C C 6 alkylthio, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, phenyl, phenyl-d-C 6 alkyl or by benzyloxy, wherein the phenyl rings of the last 3 substituents may in turn be substituted by halogen, d-C 6 alkyl, d-C ⁇ haloal
  • the 5- to 8-membered heterocyclic rings that the substituents R 4 and R 5 together may form and the fused or spiro-bound alkylene or alkenylene chains having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms may, accordingly, be interrupted once or twice by hetero atoms.
  • the arylmalonic acids of formula IV can also be converted into the corresponding halocarbonylketenes of formula X, wherein R 0 , R ⁇ R 2 , R 3 and n are as defined hereinbefore and Hal is halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, analogously to WO 97/02243 , using an acid halide, such as, for example, oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride, thionyl bromide, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride or phosgene, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, such as, for example, diethylformamide or triphenylphosphine and optionally in the presence of a base, such as, for example, pyridine or triethylamine, at temperatures of from -20°C to 200°C (Reaction Scheme 3, Route a 2 ).
  • an acid halide such as, for example, oxalyl chloride, thiony
  • the arylmalonic dinitriles of formula I can also be converted directly into the arylmalonic acid esters of formula V via alcoholysis (Pinner reaction) with an alcohol of formula VII in the presence of catalytic amounts of acid, optionally at an elevated temperature, and subsequent working-up in an aqueous medium (Reaction Scheme 3, Route b).
  • alcoholysis reactions are described, for example, in Chem. Rev. 61 , 179 (1961 ).
  • the corresponding sulfonium and phosphonium salts can be produced by means of salt conversion, for example using a cation exchanger.
  • condensation reaction of the compounds of formula V with compounds of formula VI can also be carried out in the absence of a base, whereas the same condensation reaction with compounds of formula Via or Vlb (instead of a compound of formula VI) is advantageously carried out in the presence of a base (in an equimolar amount).
  • the compounds of formula III obtained in the above-described process are generally in the form of racemates or diastereoisomeric mixtures which, if desired, can be separated on the basis of their physicochemical properties according to known methods, such as, for example, fractional crystallisation following salt formation with optically pure bases, acids or metal complexes, or by chromatographic procedures, such as, for example, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) on acetyl cellulose.
  • HPLC high-pressure liquid chromatography
  • the compounds of formula III may be in the form of geometric and/or optical isomers and isomeric mixtures (atropisomers) or as tautomers and tautomeric mixtures.
  • a solution of 8.83 g (0.128 mol) of sodium nitrite in 200 ml of water is added dropwise, at 4°C, within a period of 4 hours, to a suspension of 20 g (0.1225 mol) of 2,6-diethyl-4- methylaniline in 500 ml of 48 % hydrobromic acid and the brown solution is then heated to 80°C. After stirring for one hour at that temperature, the reaction mixture is cooled to 20°C, diluted with 1 litre of water and extracted 3 times with hexane. The combined organic phases are washed twice with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo at 60°C.
  • Example P3 Preparation of 4-methylphenylmalonic acid dinitrile 0.18 g of malonic acid dinitrile is dissolved in 15 ml of xylene and 0.72 g of sodium tert- butanolate is slowly added dropwise to the resulting solution. The yellow suspension formed is stirred at 20°C for 1 hour. 0.43 g of 4-bromotoluene and 0.035 g of bis(triphenyl- phosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 CI 2 ) are then added and further stirring is carried out overnight at an external temperature of 150°C.
  • Example P4 Preparation of 4-methylphenylmalonic acid dinitrile 0.18 g of malonic acid dinitrile is dissolved in 13 ml of xylene, and 0.72 g of sodium tert- butanolate is slowly added dropwise to the resulting solution. The yellow suspension formed is stirred at 20°C for 1 hour. 0.43 g of 4-bromotoluene and 0.2 ml of a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution of 20 % palladium(ll) dichloride (PdCI 2 ) in DMA (about 0.01 mol), and 65 g of triphenylphosphine (PPh 3 ) in 2 ml of xylene are then added. The yellow suspension is stirred overnight at an external temperature of 150°C.
  • PdCI 2 palladium(ll) dichloride
  • PPh 3 triphenylphosphine
  • Example P5 Preparation of 2.4.6-trimethylphenylmalonic acid dinitrile 13.2 g of malonic acid dinitrile are dissolved in 500 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and 12 g of sodium hydride (NaH, 60 %) are slowly added to the resulting solution. The yellow suspension formed is stirred at 20°C for 1 hour. 25 g of 2,4,6-mesityl iodide and 0.738 g of palladium(ll)-bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) dichloride (Pd(PCy 3 ) 2 CI 2 ) are then added and the yellow suspension is further stirred overnight at an external temperature of 80°C.
  • Pd(PCy 3 ) 2 CI 2 palladium(ll)-bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) dichloride
  • Example P6 Preparation of 2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenylmalonic acid dinitrile 0.66 g of malonic acid dinitrile is dissolved in 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and 0.6 g of sodium hydride (60 %) is slowly added to the resulting solution. The yellow suspension formed is stirred at 20°C for 1 hour. 1.46 g of 2,6-diethyl-4-methyliodobenzene and 0.1 1 g of palladium(II)-bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) dichloride (Pd(PCy 3 ) 2 CI 2 ) ) are then added and the yellow suspension is further stirred overnight at an external temperature of 80°C.
  • Pd(PCy 3 ) 2 CI 2 ) palladium(II)-bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) dichloride
  • Example P7 Preparation of 2.6-diethyl-4-methylphenylmalonic acid dinitrile 0.66 g of malonic acid dinitrile is dissolved in 30 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 0.6 g of sodium hydride (60 %) is slowly added to the resulting solution. The yellow suspension formed is stirred at 20°C for 1 hour. 1.18 g of 2,6-diethyl-4-methylbromobenzene and 0.07 g of palladium(ll)-bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) dichloride (Pd(PCy 3 ) 2 CI 2 ) are then added and the yellow suspension is further stirred overnight at an external temperature of 150°C.
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • Pd(PCy 3 ) 2 CI 2 palladium(ll)-bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) dichloride
  • Example P8 Preparation of 2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenylmalonic acid dinitrile 0.18 g of malonic acid dinitrile is dissolved in 15 ml of xylene, and 0.72 g of sodium tert- butanolate is added to the resulting solution. The yellow suspension formed is stirred at 20°C for 1 hour. 0.59 g of 2,6-diethyl-4-methylbromobenzene and 0.035 g of bis(triphenyl- phosphine)palladium(ll) dichloride (Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 CI 2 ) are then added and the yellow suspension is further stirred overnight at an external temperature of 150°C.
  • Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 CI 2 bis(triphenyl- phosphine)palladium(ll) dichloride
  • Example P12 Preparation of 4-(2-pyridv0-1 -bromo-2.6-diethylbenzene 790 mg (0.005 mol) of 2-bromopyridine are placed in 7 ml of tetrahydrofuran at -70°C, and 6.7 ml (0.010 mol) of a 1.5 molar solution of tert-butyllithium in pentane are added dropwise. Stirring is carried out in a CO 2 bath for 15 minutes; a solution of 1.12 g (0.005 mol) of zinc bromide in 8 ml of tetrahydrofuran is then added dropwise and the batch is stirred without further cooling.
  • Example P14 Preparation of 2,6-diethyl-4-phenylphenylmalonic acid dinitrile 84 mg (0.00128 mol) of malonic acid dinitrile are dissolved in 7 ml of degassed xylene, 84 mg (0.00349 mol) of sodium tert-butanolate are added and stirring is carried out at 20°C for 30 minutes. 336 mg (0.00116 mol) of 4-phenyl-1-bromo-2,6-diethylbenzene and 16.3 mg (0.0000232 mol) of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ll) dichloride are then added and stirring is carried out at 150°C for 17 hours.
  • Example P17 Preparation of 2,6-diethyl-4-methyl-phenyl-malonic acid dinitrile 198.8 g (2.06 mol) of sodium tert-butanolate and 600 ml of xylene are placed in a 2.5 litre sulfonation flask having an internal thermometer, argon gas connection and reflux condenser or distillation head and then, at 60°C, a melt of 50.4 g (0.76 mol) of malonic acid dinitrile is added to the resulting solution, the reaction temperature increasing to 103°C.
  • the catalyst solution prepared in that manner is introduced into the above reaction solution at 105°C by syringe and the suspension formed is then stirred at from 120 to 130°C for 2 hours.
  • a sample analysed by gas chromatography shows 100 % reaction without by-products or starting materials.
  • the reaction mixture is cooled to 40°C and 800 ml of ice/water mixture are added.
  • the aqueous phase (about 1.4 litres) is separated off and 365 ml of water/xylene mixture are distilled off using a rotary evaporator.
  • the aqueous phase is then cooled further to 15°C and subsequently 142 g of 32 % hydrochloric acid solution are added so that the pH-value is from 5 to 5.5.
  • the crystalline crude product precipitates out and can readily be filtered off and then washed with 250 ml of water.
  • the resulting 163 g (1 12 % of theory) of crude product are dried overnight in a vacuum drying cabinet at 60°C, yielding 143.8 g (99 % of theory) of the desired title compound having a purity of 98.8 %.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des composés représentés par la formule (I), comme intermédiaires dans la préparation de dérivés connus 3-hydroxy-4-aryl-5-oxopyrazoline, à activité herbicide. Elle concerne aussi un procédé de préparation de ces composés ainsi que leur utilisation dans la préparation d'herbicides.
EP00942072A 1999-06-16 2000-06-14 Dinitriles d'acide arylmalonique substitue comme intermediaires de preparation d'herbicides Withdrawn EP1185506A1 (fr)

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ATE241272T1 (de) 1999-09-07 2003-06-15 Syngenta Participations Ag Herbizide zusammensetzung
PL356456A1 (en) * 1999-09-07 2004-06-28 Syngenta Participations Ag Novel herbicides
HU229958B1 (hu) 1999-09-07 2015-03-30 Syngenta Participations Ag Herbicid vegyületek, ezeket tartalmazó készítmények, eljárás a vegyületek előállítására, valamint eljárás gyomnövények irtására
AR042282A1 (es) * 2002-12-05 2005-06-15 Syngenta Participations Ag Proceso para la preparacion de dinitrilos de acido fenilmalonico
DE102004053191A1 (de) 2004-11-04 2006-05-11 Bayer Cropscience Ag 2,6-Diethyl-4-methyl-phenyl substituierte Tetramsäure-Derivate
WO2006084663A1 (fr) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-17 Syngenta Participations Ag Procede pour la fabrication d’intermediaires
DK2406205T3 (en) * 2009-03-12 2017-02-27 Bayer Ip Gmbh PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING CHLOR AND BROMAROMATS
CN102964268A (zh) * 2012-10-27 2013-03-13 安徽丰乐香料有限责任公司 薄荷酰胺类凉味剂的合成方法
CN105061209B (zh) * 2015-07-17 2017-03-22 河北诚信九天医药化工有限公司 2‑甲基丙二酸二酯类化合物的合成方法
MX2019000753A (es) 2016-07-22 2019-06-03 Syngenta Participations Ag Proceso para preparacion de dinitrilos del acido fenilmalonico.
EP3608324B1 (fr) * 2017-04-07 2021-08-11 Oriental (Luzhou) Agrochemicals. Co., Ltd. Procédé de préparation de 2-arylmalonamide et applications de celui-ci
WO2018210616A1 (fr) 2017-05-15 2018-11-22 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour la préparation de (4-halogéno-2,6-dialkylphényl)malononitriles
MX2020013827A (es) * 2018-06-22 2021-03-25 Bayer Ag Proceso de preparacion de compuestos triciclicos.
CN109320435B (zh) * 2018-11-30 2021-11-23 江苏富鼎化学有限公司 2-(2,6-二乙基-4-甲基苯)丙二腈的合成方法
EP3886854A4 (fr) 2018-11-30 2022-07-06 Nuvation Bio Inc. Composés pyrrole et pyrazole et leurs procédés d'utilisation
CN109627184A (zh) * 2019-01-04 2019-04-16 浙江中山化工集团股份有限公司 一种2,6-二乙基-4-甲基苯基丙二腈的制备方法
AU2019439692B2 (en) 2019-04-01 2023-01-12 Oriental (Luzhou) Agrochemicals Co., Ltd. Method for preparing 2-arylmalonic acid derivative, intermediate, and application thereof
CN110218153A (zh) * 2019-07-10 2019-09-10 江苏丰山集团股份有限公司 一种中间体化合物2,6-二乙基-4-甲基苯丙二酸酯的制备方法
CN110950778A (zh) * 2019-12-24 2020-04-03 安徽省化工研究院 制备芳族丙二腈的方法和催化剂体系

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