EP1211706B1 - Hochspannungsschaltgerät mit Doppelbewegung - Google Patents

Hochspannungsschaltgerät mit Doppelbewegung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1211706B1
EP1211706B1 EP01410154A EP01410154A EP1211706B1 EP 1211706 B1 EP1211706 B1 EP 1211706B1 EP 01410154 A EP01410154 A EP 01410154A EP 01410154 A EP01410154 A EP 01410154A EP 1211706 B1 EP1211706 B1 EP 1211706B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
arcing
volume
permanent
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01410154A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1211706A1 (de
Inventor
Vincent Schneider Electric Ind. SA Chareyron
Pierre Schneider Electric Ind. SA Chevrier
Georges Schneider Electric Ind. SA Gaudart
Fabrice Schneider Electric Ind. SA Jaillet
Mitsuru Schneider Electric Ind. SA Toyoda
Michel Schneider Electric Ind. SA Vinatier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Transmission and Distribution SA
Original Assignee
VA Tech Transmission and Distribution SA
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Publication of EP1211706A1 publication Critical patent/EP1211706A1/de
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Publication of EP1211706B1 publication Critical patent/EP1211706B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/904—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism characterised by the transmission between operating mechanism and piston or movable contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/76—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor
    • H01H33/78—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor wherein the break is in gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H2033/028—Details the cooperating contacts being both actuated simultaneously in opposite directions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/42—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using cam or eccentric

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switchgear high voltage double movement of the contacts.
  • Load switching devices, switches, disconnectors or circuit breakers are known for high voltage and in particular for very high voltage, comprising two separable aligned contacts and a control mechanism causing the displacement in translation of one of the contacts with respect to the voltage. 'other.
  • the stroke of the second contact after separation is completely independent of that of the first contact, since there is no mechanical connection between the contacts beyond the separation position.
  • the mechanism of drive command indicates a sectioning position, when in fact the sectioning distance is not respected.
  • a switchgear apparatus comprising a sealed envelope filled with dielectric gas.
  • First and second movable contacts are positioned within the envelope and are normally engaged to each other to allow current flow.
  • a rod and crank mechanism allows both contacts to be driven simultaneously in opposite directions relative to the envelope, with equal speeds. The speed of separation is greater than in switchgear allowing only the movement of one of the two contacts.
  • the connecting rod and crank mechanism ensures at all times a mechanical connection between the first and the second contact so that the position of the second contact is always related to the position of the first contact and that of the drive mechanism.
  • the power required is important because it is necessary to drive at any time the two mobile masses formed by the two contacts.
  • this device does not have arc contacts, which makes it inapplicable to high performance devices.
  • the links of the return mechanism pose a congestion problem inside the sealed envelope.
  • EP 313 813 is described a high voltage electrical switch comprising a sealed envelope filled with a dielectric gas and containing a movable contact member and a fixed contact member.
  • the movable contact member comprises a permanent contact and an arc contact integral with each other, and a nozzle of insulating material fixed to the permanent contact.
  • the movable contact member is driven axially in translation in the envelope by a drive mechanism.
  • the fixed contact member comprises a permanent contact which is fixed relative to the casing, and an axially sliding arc contact in a sliding contact making the electrical connection with the fixed permanent contact.
  • a rack and pinion transmission mechanism transmits the translational movement of the movable contact member to the sliding arc contact of the stationary contact member.
  • the arcing contact of the contact member fixes to a tubular shape so that when the switch is closed, the contact arc of the movable contact member penetrates deeply into the arc contact of the fixed contact member.
  • the moving permanent contact separates from the fixed permanent contact before the arcing contacts separate.
  • the separation of the arcing contacts occurs, they are driven relative to each other with a speed which is twice the speed of the moving permanent contact with respect to the fixed permanent contact.
  • the switch comprises a first contact member and a second contact member.
  • the first contact member comprises a permanent contact, an arc contact and a nozzle of insulating material forming a monobloc assembly mu directly by a drive mechanism.
  • the second contact member comprises a permanent contact and an arc contact integral with each other.
  • the movement of the arc contact of the first contact member is transmitted to the second contact member via a transmission mechanism comprising a movement reversal lever, a first link articulated on the nozzle and on the lever, and a second link articulated to the second contact member and the lever.
  • Moving mass is important since it includes both arc contacts and the two permanent contacts.
  • the drive mechanism must be dimensioned accordingly.
  • One of the critical cut-off tests is a low-intensity capacitive current cut-off test. To cut such currents, the distance between the arcing contacts must grow very quickly from their separation, while to cut the short-circuit currents, it suffices to reach a contact distance in less than half a second. -period of the current, and wait for the passage of current by zero. The device does not allow an optimization of the kinetic energy in this case.
  • US 5,578,806 discloses a switch having a first contact member and a second contact member.
  • the first contact member comprises a permanent contact, an arc contact and a nozzle of insulating material forming a monobloc assembly directly driven by a drive mechanism.
  • the second contact member comprises a permanent contact and an arc contact integral with each other.
  • the movement of the arcing contact of the first contact member is transmitted to the second contact member via a transmission mechanism comprising a transmission gear wheel, a rack integral with the nozzle and meshing with the toothed wheel, and a rod articulated on the one hand at a point of the circumference of the wheel and secondly on the second contact member.
  • the transmission mechanism is non-linear, which makes it possible to impose on the second contact member a low speed at the beginning of movement, during the separation of the permanent contacts, to rapidly increase the speed when the arcing contacts separate, then slow down the speed at the end of the opening stroke. It thus becomes possible to cut the capacitive currents without spending too much motive power.
  • the device does not optimize the kinetic energy of the system.
  • an apparatus comprising a first contact member consisting of a permanent contact, an arcing contact and an insulating nozzle forming a single-piece assembly driven directly by a drive mechanism, and a second contact member having a fixed permanent contact, an arc contact and a dielectric screen.
  • a transmission mechanism connects the nozzle to the arc contact of the second contact member.
  • This transmission mechanism comprises a movement reversing lever, a connecting rod connecting the lever to the arc contact and a rod fixed to the nozzle and sliding in a rectilinear groove of the lever.
  • the transmission mechanism is nonlinear in the sense that the ratio between the speed of the nozzle and the speed of the arc contact of the second contact member is not constant.
  • the speed of the nozzle remains much greater than the speed of the arc contact of the second contact member, while the moving mass integral with the nozzle, which also comprises the first member of contact, is much greater than the moving mass integral with the arc contact of the second contact member.
  • the kinetic energy of the mechanism is not optimized during the opening.
  • a circuit breaker of the self-blow type and self-compression having a first contact member consisting of a permanent contact, an arc contact and an insulating nozzle forming a set monoblock driven directly by a drive mechanism, and a second contact member having a fixed permanent contact and an arc contact.
  • a transmission mechanism connects the nozzle to the arc contact of the second contact member.
  • the first contact member forms a cylinder opening towards the nozzle through small diameter conduits, and closed on the opposite side by a fixed piston, so as to constitute a variable volume blowing chamber. As the first contact member moves, the piston enters the blowing chamber and the volume of the chamber decreases.
  • the movement of the first contact member causes an increase in the pressure in the blowing chamber.
  • the second arcing contact releases the orifice from the nozzle.
  • the volume of the blow chamber continues to decrease and gases escape from the blow chamber through the orifice, helping to extinguish the incipient arc between the arc contacts.
  • the blow In the case of an opening on a strong current, the blow must be continued in order to bring the relatively fresh gases contained in the blowing chamber continuously to the arc, until the arc goes out. In other words, the action of the piston is necessary during the entire opening movement.
  • the speed of the first contact member relative to the piston must therefore be sufficient for the pressure in the blowing chamber remains greater than the pressure at the nozzle.
  • the ratio of speeds remains constant during the opening stroke, which is well suited to the need of this type of circuit breaker, and in particular the need to blow continuously by compressing the blowing chamber.
  • the teaching of this document is difficult to transpose to a circuit breaker comprising a compression piston.
  • the invention therefore aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art, so as to provide a compression high-voltage switchgear, which is efficient and which allows to obtain a fast and reliable opening, in a limited volume and with reduced maneuvering energy.
  • the reliability of the device is due to the fact that the kinematic connection provided by the transmission mechanism is permanent, so that the position of the first contact member and the position of the operating mechanism give a faithful picture of the position of the second arcing contact.
  • the imposed speed ratio between the closed position and the first indexed fugitive position makes it possible to rapidly accelerate the first contact member, which is the heaviest, at the very beginning of the opening, before the separation of the arcing contacts. It therefore makes it possible to devote all the energy available to the piston drive, which works to compress the gas contained in the compression volume.
  • the discharge valve opens, also allowing the increase in pressure of the arc expansion volume.
  • the pressure in the arc expansion volume is already high, which is favorable for the breaking of the capacitive currents.
  • the breakdown voltage between two electrodes carried at different potentials in a given gaseous medium that is to say the minimum voltage necessary for an electric arc appears between the electrodes in the gaseous medium considered
  • the minimum voltage necessary for an electric arc appears between the electrodes in the gaseous medium considered is a function of the product of the gas pressure by the distance separating the electrodes, given by the Paschen's law, and that beyond a minimum value, this function increases with the product of the pressure by the distance.
  • the gear ratio imposed during the passage of the first contact member by the second indexed fugitive position significantly reduces the energy of the moving assembly at a time when the speed acquired by the piston is sufficient and where it is useful to quickly increase the distance between the arcing contacts.
  • a first mobile unit constituted by the moving masses integral with the first contact and secondly a second mobile unit constituted by the moving masses integral with the second arcing contact, it is found that the first mobile unit has a mass M 1 higher than the mass M 2 of the second mobile unit. This is explained by the fact that the first contact is integral on the one hand with the nozzle and on the other hand with a part of the drive control mechanism.
  • the gear ratio imposed during the passage of the first contact member by the third indexed fugitive position allows to dedicate all the kinetic energy available at the end of the opening stroke to the first contact member connected to the piston, so as to favor the blowing of the arc at the nozzle, which is important for cutting off the overload currents, and also makes it possible to replace with fresh and clean gases hot gases and dirty during the cut.
  • the second indexed position P 5 is situated between the fugitive separation position of the first and second arcing contacts P 3 and the open position. This choice makes it possible to precisely optimize the kinetic energy of the device at the point of contact travel chosen for the extinction of the arcs connected to the capacitive currents.
  • the maximum value is greater than 1.5.
  • the increase in the relative speed of the arcing contacts is thus even more favored.
  • the second permanent contact member and the second arc contact member are integral with each other.
  • this solution has the effect of globally increasing the moving mass of the system, compared to a solution where only the second arc contact is movable.
  • this mobile mass supplement is not harmful in view of the desired effects. Indeed, the best performance of the mechanism is obtained for a ratio of velocities V 2 / V 1 equal to the ratio of the masses of the moving crews on either side of the transmission mechanism.
  • the ratio M 1 / M 2 will be very high, and it will become difficult in practice to produce a transmission mechanism whose structure is simple and which ensures such a maximum transmission ratio, while ensuring low values of the transmission ratio at the beginning and at the end of the race.
  • the first contact member and the nozzle together form a first movable mass element M 1
  • the second permanent contact member and the second arc contact member form a second mobile mass element M 2 and when the first member contact passes through the first indexed fugitive position, the gear ratio verifies the relation: 0 , 8 M 1 M two ⁇ V two V 1 ⁇ 1 , two M 1 M two .
  • This mechanism has the advantage of allowing, where appropriate, rectilinear guidance of the rod.
  • the nozzle comprises a neck forming a first gas flow path of the arc expansion volume to an expansion volume inside the enclosure, this first path being at least partially closed by the second contact arc as long as the first contact member is between the closed position and a fourth indexed fugitive position P 6 located between the fugitive position of separation of the first and second arcing contacts P 3 and the open position.
  • the apparatus comprises a second gas flow path between the expansion volume and the expansion volume of the chamber, provided with a delay valve which remains closed as long as the first contact member is between the closed position and a fifth indexed position P 4 , located between the fugitive separation position of the first and second arcing contacts P 3 and the open position.
  • the two gas circulation paths are in competition, which makes it possible to increase the flow rate of gas blowing.
  • the valve makes it possible to precisely determine the beginning of the opening of this gas flow path, after the separation of the arcing contacts. The time interval between the separation of the arcing contacts and the opening of the valve, is exploited to continue the increase in pressure in the expansion volume caused jointly by the piston and the arc pulled between the arc contacts at their separation.
  • the fourth indexed position P 6 is located between the fifth indexed position P 4 and the open position.
  • the opening of the second path precedes the opening of the first path during the opening sequence of the mechanism.
  • the second indexed position P 5 is located near the fourth indexed position P 6 and the fifth indexed position P 4 .
  • the first arc contact comprises a tube and the gas flow path passes through this tube.
  • a high-voltage circuit breaker in this case a circuit breaker for voltages exceeding 36kV, immersed in a chamber 10 filled with a high dielectric strength gas, for example sulfur hexafluoride SF 6 and comprising a first contact member 12 moved by an operating mechanism 14, a nozzle 16 integral with the first contact member 12 and a second contact member 18 kinematically connected to the nozzle 16 via a transmission mechanism movement 20.
  • the enclosure 10 allows to define a fixed reference geometric axis 22, which constitutes a translation axis for the moving parts.
  • the first contact member 12 is composed of a cylindrical tubular permanent contact 24 and an arc contact 26 arranged coaxially with the inside of the permanent contact 24.
  • the arc contact 26 is also tubular and is provided at its free end with a racking pin 28 composed of contact fingers arranged corolla.
  • the permanent contact 24 is provided with a cylindrical end plugging area 30 allowing its cooperation with the second contact member 18.
  • the arc contact 26 and the permanent contact 24 are integral with one another. other and jointly driven by the operating mechanism 14.
  • the nozzle 16 is constituted by a piece of insulating material for degassing in the presence of an electric arc, for example Teflon. It is fixed on an internal surface of the permanent contact 24 and is interposed between the cylindrical end plugging area 30 of the permanent contact and the clamp 28 of the arcing contact. The nozzle forms a neck 32 separating two chambers 34, 36.
  • an electric arc for example Teflon
  • the end plugging range 30 of the permanent contact 24 is extended by a cylindrical outer peripheral surface of a sliding contact wall 38 which slides axially inside a cylindrical collector 40 fixed with respect to the enclosure 10 serving to support and guide the contact member 12, the collector 40 being provided with a sliding contact ring 41 ensuring the electrical contact between the permanent contact 24 and the collector 40 during the translation of the permanent contact 24.
  • the cylindrical collector 40 delimits an internal compression volume 42 hermetically closed by a cylinder head 44.
  • the permanent contact 24 is provided, at its axial end penetrating into the manifold 40, with a piston 46 which separates the compression volume 42 from a volume arc expansion 48 delimited radially by the cylindrical wall 38 of the permanent contact 24 and, at its axial end opposite the piston 46, by the nozzle 16.
  • the piston 46 is provided with a discharge valve 50 opening as soon as the compression volume 42 is overpressurized with respect to the arc expansion volume 48.
  • the piston 46 is integral with the permanent contact 24 and the arc contact 26 and provides a current path between the permanent contact 24 and the arc contact 26.
  • the arc contact 26 forms a tube 52 which passes through the piston 46 and the cylinder head 44 and projects inside a volume 54 of expansion delimited by the sealed enclosure 10.
  • the expansion volume 54 occupies all the space available in the chamber, until the recess 36.
  • the end of the tube 52 is fixed to a rod 56 constituting the output member of the mechanism 14.
  • Lateral openings 58 are formed at the end of the tube 52, so that a gas flow path 60 is made between the arc expansion volume 48 and the expansion volume 54, passing through the inside of the tube 52.
  • a closure sleeve 61 secured to the cylinder head 44 acting as a delay valve hermetically covers the openings 58 in the closed position shown in FIG. 4.
  • the yoke 44 is provided with a filling valve 62 and a drain valve 64.
  • the filling valve 62 provides the communication of the expansion volume 54 to the compression volume 42, when the compression volume 42 is in position. depression relative to the expansion volume 54.
  • the drain valve 64 provides the communication of the compression volume 42 to the expansion volume 54, when the pressure difference between the compression volume 42 and the expansion volume 54 is greater than one. discharge threshold determined by a return spring 66 of the valve 64.
  • the second contact member 18, visible in detail in Figures 3 and 5, consists of a second permanent contact 70 and a second arc contact 72 integral with one another.
  • the permanent contact 70 is formed by a perforated tubular metal part, a free end of which is provided with a contact pincer 74 in the shape of a corolla.
  • the permanent contact 70 slides axially in a fixed collector 74 provided with a sliding contact 76 ensuring the electrical contact between the permanent contact 70 and the collector 74 during the translation of the permanent contact 74.
  • the second arcing contact 72 forms a finger metal 78.
  • the arc contact 72 and the permanent contact 70 are fixed to each other by means of a diametrical bar 82 also ensuring the flow of current between the two contacts 70, 72.
  • the motion transmission mechanism 20 is composed of a pivoting cam 84 cooperating with an axial end of the rod 80 of the arc contact 72 and with a transmission rod 86.
  • the cam 84 pivots about a geometric axis fixed pivot 89, perpendicular to the reference axis 22.
  • the rod 86 is articulated on the cam 84 and on a ring 88 fitted at an axial end of the nozzle 16.
  • the axial end of the arc contact 72 is provided a roller 90 having a slide function and cooperating with a track constituted by a curvilinear groove 92 in the shape of a serp, made in the cam 84.
  • a return spring end 94 recalls the bar 82 and the second contact member 18 to the closed position.
  • the apparatus operates in the following manner.
  • the clamp 74 of the second permanent contact 70 encloses the outer periphery 30 of the first permanent contact 24 and provides a current path passing through the first collector 40, the sliding contact 41, the first contact 24, the clamp 74, the second permanent contact 70, the sliding contact 76 and the second collector 76.
  • the finger 78 forming the end of the second arcing contact 72 penetrates deeply into the first arcing contact 26 and closes the tube 52.
  • the clamp 28 of the first arcing contact 26 encloses the finger 78 and forms a second current path between the first and second collectors.
  • the finger 78 closes the end of the tube 52 constituted by the arc contact 26, so that the gas column contained in the tube 52 is closed.
  • the finger 78 also occupies all the interior space of the neck 32, so that it also closes at least partially the arc expansion volume 48.
  • the operating mechanism 14 drives the first contact member 12 continuously and without stopping the closed position shown in Figures 4 and 5 to the open position shown in Figures 1 to 3.
  • the movement of the first contact member 12 is transmitted to the second contact member 18 via the nozzle 16 and the transmission mechanism 20.
  • FIG. 6 shows the curves representative of the speed of the first contact member 12 (curve A), the speed of the second contact member 18 (curve B), the ratio between the speed of the second contact member 12 and the speed of the first contact member 18 (curve C), as a function of the displacement of the first contact member 12 relative to the collector 40, carried on the abscissa.
  • the shape of the cam 84 is such that in a first step, the second contact member 18 remains substantially immobile, so that all the energy of the drive mechanism 14 serves to accelerate the first contact member 12.
  • the ratio V 2 / V 1 is close to zero, and in any case less than 0.5, as long as the first contact member is between the closed position and a first indexed transient position designated P 1 in the diagram.
  • P 1 the first contact member 12 reaches a position P 2 for separating the permanent contacts 24, 70, located at approximately 10% of its total travel.
  • the cam 84 has rotated a few degrees, so that the gear ratio V 2 / V 1 increases very rapidly to exceed 1.
  • the transmission cam 84 is shaped such that when the first contact member has passed about 50% of its opening stroke, the gear ratio V 2 / V 1 becomes less than 1 and decreases rapidly. When the first contact member passes through a fugitive position P 7 , the gear ratio becomes less than 0.5, to cancel at about 90% of the opening stroke.
  • the initial movement makes it possible to affect all the energy delivered by the drive mechanism 14 to the first contact member 12 and thus to initiate quickly a pumping effect. Indeed, as soon as the movement of the piston causes an overpressure of the compression volume 42 with respect to the arc expansion volume 48, the discharge valve 50 opens and the gas located in the compression volume 42 begins to penetrate in the arc expansion volume 48. The pressure in the arc expansion volume 48 then begins to increase since the contact finger 78 closes both the flow path 60 through the inside of the tube 52 arc contact and the flow path passing through the neck 32.
  • the current path passing through the permanent contacts 24, 70 is cut off.
  • the secondary current path passing through the arcing contacts 26, 72 remains because the finger 78 is still partially seated in the clamp 28, so that no electric arc is pulled between the permanent contacts 24, 70 before that the position P 3 of separation of the arcing contacts is reached.
  • the pressure in the arc expansion volume 48 continues to increase. From the position P 3 , the continuation of the opening depends essentially on the type of current flowing through the circuit breaker at the time of opening. Successively, the opening on a short-circuit current, the opening on an overload current and the opening on a capacitive current will be distinguished.
  • the piston 46 compresses the gas located in the compression volume 42 until it reaches the emptying threshold, beyond which the drain valve 64 opens, allowing the evacuation towards the the expansion volume 54 of the gas retained in the compression volume 42, so that the continuation of the opening movement is not impeded.
  • the arc goes out when the current passes through zero.
  • the pressure in the arc expansion volume 48 does not decrease fast enough to allow opening of the discharge valve 50 again.
  • the arc expansion volume 48 and the compression volume 42 remain separated until the end of the opening.
  • the gear ratio V 2 / V 1 becomes less than 1 and decreases rapidly.
  • the exhaust gas is deferred until the opening of the orifices 58 at the point P 4 .
  • the gas contained in the expansion volume escapes from the inside of the arc contact tube to the expansion volume.
  • the gas also escapes downwards from the nozzle 16.
  • the arc goes out when the current passes through zero. If the energy released by the arc has not been very large, the pressure in the arc expansion volume 48 decreases rapidly, allowing the discharge valve 50 to reopen.
  • the speed ratio V 2 / V 1 becomes less than 1 and decreases rapidly.
  • the available energy of the drive mechanism 14 thus serves to accelerate again in a privileged manner the first contact member 12 and thus the movement of the piston 46 in the compression volume 42.
  • Fresh and clean gases are therefore again directed from the compression volume 42 to the arc expansion volume 48 and to the arc contacts 26, 72, until the end of the opening, to prevent a reboot of the arc between Arc contacts.
  • the point P 5 corresponding to the maximum speed ratio V 2 / V 1 is located between the point P 3 of separation of the arcing contacts and the open position.
  • this point corresponds to a gear ratio greater than 1, which makes it possible to favor the speed increase of the lightest contact member, namely the second contact member 18, which does not support the nozzle 16 , relative to the displacement of the heavier contact member, namely the first contact member 12.
  • This bias allows, as has been shown previously, to maximize the relative speed V 1 + V 2 of the moving assembly for a given overall mechanical work provided by the mechanism 14.
  • the distance between the contacts is sufficient to avoid any reclasking of an arc under the conditions of the capacitive test.
  • the exhaust of the gases from the compression volume 42 to the arc expansion volume 48 continues until the end of the opening.
  • the closure proceeds in a reverse manner, noting that the filling valve 62 then becomes active to allow the filling of the compression volume 42. After the first 10% of the closing stroke, the second contact member 18 begins to close. move. The spring 94 then makes it possible to prevent any blockage of the transmission mechanism 20.
  • Opening of the orifices 58 by the delay valve 61 takes place after the separation of the contacts (at the point P 3 of the curve), and preferably before the opening of the neck of the nozzle (at the point P 6 ) because it is preferred to open first the gas flow path which has a smaller passage section, in this case the path 60.
  • the positioning of the points P 4 and P 6 relative to the point P 5 determining the maximum speed ratio is not critical, as long as these three points remain close to each other. According to a first alternative to the diagram of FIG. 6, the point P 6 can be between P 4 and P 5 . According to another alternative, the point P 4 can be between P 5 and P 6 . In some applications, it is possible to completely avoid the delay valve 61, so that the gas flow path 60 opens as soon as the finger 78 leaves the tube 58 at the point P3, knowing that the finger 78 mouth tube 52 in the closed position.
  • FIG. 7 represents a second embodiment detail, in which the transmission mechanism 120 comprises a cam 184 cooperating on the one hand with one end of the arc contact 80 and on the other hand with a rod 186.
  • the end Arc contact 80 is provided as in the first embodiment of a roller 190a having a sliding function and cooperating with a track 192a constituted by a curvilinear groove formed in the cam 184.
  • the rod 184 is provided with its end of a roller 190b having a sliding function and cooperating with track 192b constituted by a second curvilinear groove in the form of butt in the cam 184.
  • the shape of the two tracks 192a and 192b is chosen so as to obtain speed ratios of the same type as those described for the first embodiment.
  • the other elements of the circuit breaker according to the second embodiment are identical to those of the first mode.
  • valve closing the tube near the contact finger in place of the sleeve 61, so as to further promote the increase in pressure in the expansion volume at the beginning of the opening, especially in the conditions of the capacitive test.
  • the permanent contact 70 is movable and integral with the arcing contact 72. It is also conceivable to provide a fixed permanent contact 70 and a single arcing contact 72 driven by the transmission mechanism 20.

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Claims (15)

  1. Hochspannungs-Lasttrennschalter, der im Inneren einer dichten Kammer (10), die mit einem Gas von hoher Durchschlagsfestigkeit gefüllt ist und eine geometrische Bezugsachse (22) definiert, umfasst:
    - einen ortsfesten Sockel (40), der ein Kompressionsvolumen (42) begrenzt,
    - ein erstes Kontaktelement (12), das bezüglich des Sockels (40) beweglich ist und umfasst:
    - einen ersten permanenten Kontakt (24),
    - eine fest mit dem ersten permanenten Kontakt (24) verbundene Düse (16) aus elektrisch isolierendem Material,
    - einen Kolben (46), der fest mit dem ersten permanenten Kontakt (24) verbunden ist und so im Sockel (40) läuft, dass zusammen mit der Düse (16) ein Lichtbogen-Ausdehnungsvolumen (48) begrenzt und das Lichtbogen-Ausdehnungsvolumen (48) vom Kompressionsvolumen (42) getrennt wird, wobei der Kolben (46) mit einem Druckventil (50) versehen ist, das vom Kompressionsvolumen (42) zum Lichtbogen-Ausdehnungsvolumen (48) führt und sich öffnet, wenn das Kompressionsvolumen (42) einen Überdruck gegenüber dem Lichtbogen-Ausdehnungsvolumen (48) hat,
    - einen ersten Lichtbogenkontakt (26), der fest mit dem ersten permanenten Kontakt (24) verbunden ist und ins Innere des Lichtbogen-Ausdehnungsvolumens (48) vorspringt;
    - ein zweites Kontaktelement (18), das einen zweiten permanenten Kontakt (70) und einen zweiten, bezüglich der Kammer beweglichen Lichtbogenkontakt (72) aufweist;
    - einen Antriebsmechanismus (14), um das erste Kontaktelement (12) durch eine axiale Translationsbewegung entlang der Bezugsachse (22) von einer geschlossenen Stellung zu einer offenen Stellung zu bewegen, und zwar über eine vorübergehende Position (P2) der Trennung des ersten und zweiten permanenten Kontakts, in der der erste und zweite permanente Kontakt ihren gegenseitigen Kontakt verlieren, und über eine vorübergehende Position (P3) der Trennung des ersten und zweiten Lichtbogenkontakts, in der der erste und zweite Lichtbogenkontakt ihren gegenseitigen Kontakt verlieren und die zwischen der vorübergehenden Position (P2) der Trennung des ersten und zweiten permanenten Kontakts und der offenen Stellung liegt;
    - einen Übertragungsmechanismus (20), der eine permanente kinematische Verbindung zwischen der Düse (16) und dem zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (72) darstellt, um eine Bewegung der Düse (16) an den zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (72) zu übertragen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Übertragungsmechanismus (20) dergestalt ist, dass, während sich das erste Kontaktelement (12) axial in der einen Richtung mit einer Geschwindigkeit des Absolutwertes V 1 bewegt, der zweite Lichtbogenkontakt sich in Translation der Bezugsachse (22) folgend in der entgegengesetzten Richtung mit einer Geschwindigkeit des Absolutwertes V2 bewegt, die sich zum Absolutwert V 1 in einem Verhältnis V 2/V 1 befindet, wobei das Verhältnis V 2/V 1 in Abhängigkeit von der Position des ersten Kontaktelements (12) bezüglich der Kammer (10) in der Weise variabel ist, dass
    - das Verhältnis V 2/V 1 unterhalb eines Wertes von 0,5 bleibt, solange sich das erste Kontaktelement (12) zwischen der geschlossenen Stellung und einer ersten, indexierten Position (P1) befindet, die zwischen der geschlossenen Stellung und der vorübergehenden Position (P3) der Trennung des ersten und zweiten Lichtbogenkontakts liegt,
    - das Verhältnis V 2/ V 1 einen Maximalwert von mehr als 1 durchläuft, wenn das erste Kontaktelement (12) durch eine zweite vorübergehende, indexierte Position (P5) läuft, die zwischen der vorübergehenden Position (P2) der Trennung des ersten und zweiten permanenten Kontakts und der offenen Stellung liegt,
    - das Verhältnis V 2 /V 1 , unterhalb eines Wertes von 0,5 bleibt, solange sich das erste Kontaktelement zwischen einer dritten, indexierten Position (P7) einerseits, die zwischen der zweiten indexierten Position (P5) und der offenen Stellung liegt, und der offenen Stellung andererseits befindet.
  2. Lasttrennschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite indexierte Position (P5) zwischen der vorübergehenden Position (P3) der Trennung des ersten und zweiten Lichtbogenkontakts und der offenen Stellung liegt.
  3. Lasttrennschalter nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der maximale Wert des Verhältnisses V 2 lV 1 mehr als 1,5 beträgt.
  4. Lasttrennschalter nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite permanente Kontaktelement (70) und das zweite Lichtbogenkontaktelement (72) fest miteinander verbunden sind.
  5. Lasttrennschalter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - das erste Kontaktelement (12) und die Düse (16) zusammen erste bewegliche Massen der Masse M 1 bilden,
    - das zweite permanente Kontaktelement (70) und das zweite Lichtbogenkontaktelement (72) zweite bewegliche Massen der Masse M 2 bilden;
    - das Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis der Beziehung 0 , 8 M 1 M 2 ≤ V 2 V 1 ≤ 1 , 2 M 1 M 2
    Figure imgb0009
    genügt, wenn das erste Kontaktelement (12) durch die erste indexierte, vorübergehende Position läuft.
  6. Lasttrennschalter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis der Beziehung V 2 V 1 = M 1 M 2
    Figure imgb0010
    genügt, wenn das erste Kontaktelement durch die erste indexierte, vorübergehende Position läuft.
  7. Lasttrennschalter nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Übertragungsmechanismus (20) umfasst:
    - eine Nockenscheibe (84), die sich um eine bezüglich der Kammer (10) ortsfeste geometrische Achse (88) dreht und eine gekrümmte Balm (92) aufweist,
    - einen mit dem zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (72) fest verbundenen Gleitschuh (90), der mit der Bahn (92) zusammenwirkt, und
    - einen beweglich an der Nockenscheibe (84) und an einem fest mit der Düse (16) verbundenen Teil (88) angebrachten Pleuel (86).
  8. Lasttrennschalter nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Übertragungsmechanismus umfasst:
    - eine Nockenscheibe (184), die sich um eine bezüglich der Kammer ortsfeste geometrische Achse dreht und eine erste gekrümmte Bahn (192a) sowie eine zweite gekrümmte Bahn (192b) aufweist,
    - einen mit dem zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (72) fest verbundenen ersten Gleitschuh (190a), der mit der ersten Bahn (192a) zusammenwirkt, und
    - eine Stange, die fest mit der Düse (16) verbunden ist und einen zweiten Gleitschuh (190b) aufweist, der mit der zweiten Bahn (192b) zusammenwirkt.
  9. Lasttrennschalter nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düse einen Hals aufweist, der einen ersten Gasrückführungspfad vom Lichtbogen-Ausdehnungsvolumen (48) zu einem Entspannungsvolumen (54) im Inneren der Kammer bildet, wobei dieser erste Pfad zumindest teilweise durch den zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (72) versperrt ist, solange das erste Kontaktelement (12) sich zwischen der geschlossenen Stellung und einer vierten indexierten, vorübergehenden Position (P4) befindet, die zwischen der vorübergehenden Position (P3) der Trennung des ersten und zweiten Lichtbogenkontakts und der offenen Stellung liegt.
  10. Lasttrennschalter nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen zweiten Gasrückführungspfad (60) zwischen dem Ausdehnungsvolumen (48) und dem Entspannungsvolumen (54) der Kammer (10) umfasst.
  11. Lasttrennschalter nach Anspmch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Gasrückführungspfad (60) mit einem Verzögerungsventil (61) ausgestattet ist, das geschlossen bleibt, solange sich das erste Kontaktelement (12) zwischen der geschlossenen Stellung und einer fünften indexierten Position (P4) befindet, die zwischen der vorübergehenden Position (P3) der Trennung des ersten und zweiten Lichtbogenkontakts und der offenen Stellung liegt.
  12. Lasttrennschalter nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die vierte indexierte Position (P6) zwischen der fünften indexierten Position (P4) und der offenen Stellung befindet.
  13. Lasttrennschalter nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die zweite indexierte Position (P5) in der Nähe der vierten indexierten Position (P6) und der fünften indexierten Position (P4) befindet.
  14. Lasttrennschalter nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Lichtbogenkontakt ein kleines Rohr umfasst und dass der Gasrückführungspfad durch dieses Rohr führt.
  15. Lasttrennschalter nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Lichtbogenkontakt das Rohr verschliesst, solange sich das erste Kontaktelement zwischen der geschlossenen Stellung und der Position der Trennung des ersten und zweiten Lichtbogenkontakts befindet.
EP01410154A 2000-11-30 2001-11-27 Hochspannungsschaltgerät mit Doppelbewegung Expired - Lifetime EP1211706B1 (de)

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FR0015525A FR2817389B1 (fr) 2000-11-30 2000-11-30 Appareillage de coupure electrique haute tension a double mouvement
FR0015525 2000-11-30

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US7932476B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2011-04-26 Abb Technology Ag Transmission for an electrical circuit breaker
DE102012205224A1 (de) 2012-03-30 2013-10-02 Alstom Technology Ltd. Druckgasschalter

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ATE484067T1 (de) 2004-08-23 2010-10-15 Abb Technology Ag Schaltkammer und hochleistungsschalter
ATE463039T1 (de) 2005-07-13 2010-04-15 Siemens Ag Antriebsmechanismus und schaltverfahren für ein schaltgerät
FR2906642B1 (fr) * 2006-09-29 2008-12-19 Areva T & D Sa Actionnement par came cylindrique des contacts d'une chambre de coupure a double mouvement.
ATE475193T1 (de) * 2006-12-11 2010-08-15 Abb Technology Ag Leistungsschalter mit getriebe mit totlage
DE102007031948A1 (de) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-08 Siemens Ag Schaltgeräteanordnung mit einem Abströmkanal
JP5178644B2 (ja) * 2009-06-29 2013-04-10 株式会社東芝 投入抵抗接点付きガス遮断器及びその投入、遮断方法
JP5865670B2 (ja) * 2011-10-24 2016-02-17 株式会社東芝 ガス遮断器
DE102013200913A1 (de) 2013-01-22 2014-07-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltanordnung
DE102013200914A1 (de) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltverfahren und Schalteinrichtung
DE102013200918A1 (de) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgeräteanordnung
CN104704592B (zh) * 2013-02-07 2017-01-18 厦门华电开关有限公司 开关传动机构和功率开关
WO2015029516A1 (ja) * 2013-08-29 2015-03-05 株式会社日立製作所 ガス遮断器
JP6289856B2 (ja) 2013-10-16 2018-03-07 株式会社東芝 ガス遮断器
JP6364358B2 (ja) * 2015-02-03 2018-07-25 株式会社日立製作所 ガス遮断器
EP3082144B1 (de) * 2015-04-15 2017-10-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische schaltvorrichtung mit zweispurigem klemmstück
DE102016214750A1 (de) * 2016-05-19 2017-11-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines keramischen Isolators
CN109192597B (zh) * 2018-10-11 2020-02-04 西安西电开关电气有限公司 断路器及其双动传动装置
DE102020104258B4 (de) * 2020-02-18 2022-09-29 Schaltbau Gmbh Schaltgerät mit zumindest zwei miteinander kommunizierenden Löschbereichen
WO2022178963A1 (en) * 2021-02-25 2022-09-01 Jst Power Equipment, Inc. Switchgear system having chain driven circuit breaker and associated methods
CN118782417B (zh) * 2024-06-26 2025-03-21 浙江金莱勒电气股份有限公司 一种模块化隔离开关的控制模块及其生产工艺

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CH675175A5 (de) * 1987-10-27 1990-08-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
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FR2762925B1 (fr) * 1997-05-02 1999-07-09 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Disjoncteur a haute tension a double mouvement des contacts d'arc

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7932476B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2011-04-26 Abb Technology Ag Transmission for an electrical circuit breaker
DE102012205224A1 (de) 2012-03-30 2013-10-02 Alstom Technology Ltd. Druckgasschalter
EP2645396A1 (de) 2012-03-30 2013-10-02 Alstom Technology Ltd Druckgasschalter

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FR2817389A1 (fr) 2002-05-31
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JP4084035B2 (ja) 2008-04-30
DE60120885D1 (de) 2006-08-03
CN1186793C (zh) 2005-01-26
CN1357901A (zh) 2002-07-10
FR2817389B1 (fr) 2003-01-03
JP2002208336A (ja) 2002-07-26

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