EP1214551B2 - Keramische glühstiftkerze - Google Patents

Keramische glühstiftkerze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1214551B2
EP1214551B2 EP00960314A EP00960314A EP1214551B2 EP 1214551 B2 EP1214551 B2 EP 1214551B2 EP 00960314 A EP00960314 A EP 00960314A EP 00960314 A EP00960314 A EP 00960314A EP 1214551 B2 EP1214551 B2 EP 1214551B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glow plug
sheathed
temperature
element glow
heating layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00960314A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1214551A1 (de
EP1214551B1 (de
Inventor
Albrecht Geissinger
Gert Lindemann
Christoph Haluschka
Andreas Reissner
Wolfgang Dressler
Friederike Lindner
Wolfgang Otterbach
Christoph Kern
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=26005465&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1214551(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE10020329A external-priority patent/DE10020329A1/de
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to SI200030550T priority Critical patent/SI1214551T1/xx
Publication of EP1214551A1 publication Critical patent/EP1214551A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1214551B1 publication Critical patent/EP1214551B1/de
Publication of EP1214551B2 publication Critical patent/EP1214551B2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ceramic glow plug for diesel engines according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a ceramic glow plug for diesel engines according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a glow plug with a ceramic heater which has a ceramic, electrically conductive, U-shaped heating layer of low electrical conductivity and ceramic lead layers of higher electrical conductivity.
  • the ceramic glow plug according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that the temperature of the glow plug is measurable. It is possible in a ceramic glow plug for the first time to measure the temperature of the glow plug directly in a selected area on the outside of the glow plug without additional equipment expense. The measurement of the temperature takes place in a small, compared to the volume of the entire glow pencil selected range, whereby the error that occurs by a temperature distribution over a large volume, can be reduced in the temperature determination. It is also advantageous that in the glow plug according to the invention, a concentration of the heating power in a selected region of the glow plug can be realized without changing the cross section of the conductive layer, so that the surface in the region in which the concentration of the heating power is to take place, constant remains and thus the interaction surface is kept constant. Another advantage is that the production of such a ceramic temperature measuring glow plug can be designed inexpensively.
  • a processing of the measured temperature values by a control unit allows regulation of the temperature in the selected area of the glow plug.
  • the glow plug according to the invention in passive operation, after it has fulfilled the heating function, as a temperature sensor. It can thus be determined whether the combustion takes place correctly in the respective cylinder. It is advantageous that, on the basis of this information, an influencing of parameters relevant for the combustion can take place.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section through a ceramic glow plug according to the invention 1.
  • the cylindrical feed line 5 is connected via a contact pin 10, wherein the cylindrical feed line 5 can also be combined with the contact pin 10 in one component, and a suitable contacting element 12, which is preferably formed as a contact spring or as an electrically conductive powder pack or as an electrically conductive tablet with an elastic spring component, preferably made of graphite, connected to the ceramic glow plug 14.
  • the interior of the glow plug is sealed by means of a sealing packing 15 with respect to the combustion chamber.
  • the sealing packing 15 consists of an electrically conductive carbon compound.
  • the glow plug 14 consists of a ceramic heating layer 18 and ceramic lead layers 20 and 21, wherein the two lead layers 20, 21 are connected by the heating layer 18 and together with the heating layer 18 form the conductive layer.
  • the lead layers 20, 21 have an arbitrary shape; the heating layer 18 can also have any desired shape.
  • the conductive layer is U-shaped.
  • the lead layers 20 and 21 are separated by an insulating layer 22, which is also made of ceramic material.
  • the glow plug 14 is designed such that the lead layers 20 and 21 and the heating layer 18 are arranged outside of the glow plug 14.
  • the lead layers 20 and 21 are located within the glow plug and are still covered by an external, ceramic, insulating layer.
  • a glass layer not shown, of the other components of the glow plug 4, 8, 12, 15.
  • the glass layer is interrupted at the point 24.
  • the glass layer is also interrupted for electrical contact between lead layer 21 and plug housing 4 via the packing 15 at location 26.
  • the heating layer 18 was placed at the tip of the glow plug. However, it is also conceivable to place this heating layer at another location of the conductive layer. The heating layer 18 should be at the point where the greatest heating effect is to be achieved.
  • the ceramic heating element is shown in a view from the side.
  • the embodiment in which the heating layer 18 is at the tip of the glow plug is shown.
  • the lead layers 20, 21 and the insulating layer 22 can be seen.
  • the operating condition in which the glow plug is heated to assist combustion in the combustion chamber which heating occurs at engine startup, during an afterglow phase, preferably over 3 minutes, and during an intermediate annealing phase when the temperature of the combustion chamber during operation the internal combustion engine drops too much, is called active operation.
  • the material of the heating layer 18 is selected so that the absolute electrical resistance of the heating layer 18 is greater than the absolute electrical resistance of the feed layers 20, 21.
  • the term resistance without addition understood the absolute electrical resistance In order to avoid cross-currents between the conductive layer, the resistance of the insulating layer is chosen so that it is significantly greater than the resistance of the heating layer 18 and the lead layers 20, 21.
  • FIG. 3 is shown schematically, which devices communicate with the glow plug 1.
  • the engine control unit 30, which includes a computer and a memory unit.
  • the motor-dependent parameters of the glow plug are stored. This can be, for example, the resistance-temperature characteristics as a function of load and speed of the motor.
  • the engine controller memory also includes one or more temperature reference values for proper combustion.
  • the engine controller may control parameters that affect combustion, such as the duration of injection, the beginning of injection, and the end of injection of the fuel.
  • the control unit 32 regulates a voltage which was predetermined by the engine control unit. This voltage represents the total voltage used for the glow plug.
  • the controller 32 also houses a current meter that measures the amount of current flowing through the glow plug.
  • the controller 32 includes a memory and a computing unit.
  • the engine control unit 30 and the control unit 32 can also be combined in one device.
  • the FIG. 4 illustrates the occurring via the glow plug resistors.
  • the resistor 41 having a value R20 is the resistance of the ceramic lead layer 20.
  • the resistor 43 having a value R1 includes the resistance of the heating layer.
  • the resistor 45 with a value R21 includes the resistance of the ceramic lead layer 21.
  • the resistors 41, 43 and 45 are connected in series. For the basis of FIG. 4 Considerations that may be taken should neglect any crossflows that may occur. Thus, the total resistance R results from the sum of the resistances R20, R1 and R21.
  • the resistor R1 forms the largest summands.
  • From the engine control unit 30 is determined based on the maps contained therein and the desired temperature of the glow plug an effective voltage, which is controlled by the controller 32. Due to the temperature dependence of the resistors 41, 43 and 45, a current I via the glow plug, so via the resistor R, which is measured in the control unit 32.
  • the temperature dependence of the total resistance R R20 + R1 + R21 results mainly from the temperature dependence of the resistor R1, since this resistor has the largest value.
  • the temperature dependence of the resistors R20, R1 and R21 are almost constant over the entire operating range of the glow plug between room temperature and a temperature of approx. 1400 ° C.
  • the temperature of the combustion chamber is in the operating range of the glow plug.
  • the measured current intensity I is converted by the control unit 32 on the basis of a stored map into a temperature, which results mainly due to the significantly higher resistance R1 against the resistors R20 and R21 from the temperature of the heating layer 18. This temperature is returned to the engine control unit 30, wherein due to the determined temperature, the effective voltage for the glow plug is redefined.
  • the temperature of the heating layer 18 of the glow plug for example on a display.
  • reference temperatures deduce conclusions about the quality of combustion cylinder specific.
  • cylinder-specific measures can be taken by the control unit, which influence the combustion process and can thus ensure correct combustion again. For example, the duration of injection, the start of injection or the injection pressure of the fuel could then be varied.
  • the temperature of the combustion chamber can be compared cylinder-specifically with one or more reference values stored in the engine control unit for correct combustion. If the temperature of the combustion chamber does not correspond to a correct combustion, as explained for the active operation of the glow plug, measures can be taken to ensure correct combustion again, for example a variation of the duration of injection, the start of injection and the injection pressure of the fuel.
  • p (T) the resistivity as a function of temperature T
  • ⁇ 0 the resistivity at room temperature T 0
  • ⁇ (T) a temperature coefficient which is temperature dependent.
  • the specific resistance of the heating layer 18 can be chosen so that ⁇ 0 of the heating layer is greater than ⁇ 0 of the supply layers.
  • the temperature coefficient ⁇ of the heating layer 18 may be greater than the temperature coefficient ⁇ of the lead layers 20, 21 in the operating range of the glow plug. It is also possible to choose both ⁇ 0 and ⁇ for the heating layer 18 for the operating range of the glow plug larger than for Lead layers 20, 21.
  • the composition of the heating layer 18 and the lead layers 20, 21 is selected so that the ⁇ 0 of the lead layers 20, 21 is at least 10 times smaller than the ⁇ 0 of the heating layer 18.
  • the temperature coefficient ⁇ of the heating layer 18 and the lead layers 20, 21 is approximately equal.
  • the specific resistance of the insulating layer 22 is at least 10 times greater than the specific resistance of the heating layer 18 over the entire operating range of the glow plug.
  • the heating layer, the lead layers and the insulating layer consist of ceramic composite structures containing at least two of the compounds Al 2 O 3 , MoSi 2 , Si 3 N 4 and Y 2 O 3 . These composite structures are available by a single or multi-stage sintering process.
  • the specific resistance of the layers can be determined preferably by the MoSi 2 content and / or the grain size of MoSi 2 , preferably the MoSi 2 content of the feed layers 20, 21 is higher than the MoSi 2 content of the heating layer 18, wherein the Heating layer 18 in turn has a higher MoSi 2 content than the insulating layer 22.
  • heating layer 18, lead layers 20, 21 and the insulation layer 22 consist of a composite precursor ceramic with different proportions of fillers.
  • the matrix of this material consists of polysiloxanes, Polysilsequioxanen, polysilanes or polysilazanes, which may be doped with boron or aluminum and which are produced by pyrolysis.
  • the filler forms at least one of the compounds Al 2 O 3 , MoSi 2 and SiC for the individual layers.
  • the MoSi 2 content and / or the grain size of MoSi 2 may preferably determine the specific resistance of the layers.
  • the MoSi 2 content of the feed layers 20, 21 is set higher than the MoSi 2 content of the heating layer 18, wherein the heating layer 18 in turn has a higher MoSi 2 content than the insulating layer 22.
  • compositions of the insulating layer, the lead layers and the heating layer are chosen in the above-mentioned embodiments so that their thermal expansion coefficients and the shrinkage occurring during the sintering or pyrolysis process of the individual supply, heating and insulating layers are the same, so that no cracks arise in the glow plug.
  • FIG. 5 is a further preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to a schematic longitudinal section through a glow plug 1 according to the invention.
  • Analogous to FIG. 1 has the in FIG. 5 shown glow plug on a circular connector 2, which is in electrical contact with the cylindrical feed line 5.
  • the cylindrical feed line 5 is electrically connected via the contact pin 10 and the contacting element 12 with the ceramic glow plug 14.
  • the cylindrical feed line 5, the contact pin 10, the contacting element 12 and the ceramic glow plug 14 are successively in this order, as in FIG. 5 represented, arranged in the direction of the combustion chamber.
  • the ceramic glow plug 14 has in the in FIG. 5 illustrated preferred embodiment at the combustion chamber remote end a pin 11.
  • the pin 11 forms an extension of the glow plug 14 in the direction of the combustion chamber distal end by a cylindrical lead-out of the ceramic lead layers 20, 21 and the insulating layer 22, wherein the pin 11 has a smaller outer diameter than the adjoining in the direction of the combustion chamber part of the glow plug 14, It is also not necessary that the glow plug 14 has a heating layer 18 at the combustion chamber end. In a preferred embodiment, the two feed layers 20 and 21 may be connected only at the combustion chamber end of the glow plug, as is done via the heating element 18.
  • the cylindrical lead 5 and the contact pin 10 together form the connecting element, which may also be integrally formed.
  • a flange is provided, which limits the contacting element 12 in the direction of the axis of the glow plug together with the pin 11.
  • the contacting element 12 which consists of a tablet of electrically conductive powder, is preferably formed as graphite or a metal powder or an electrically conductive ceramic powder.
  • the tablet of electrically conductive powder can also consist of at least a predominant proportion of graphite or of the metal powder or of the electrically conductive ceramic powder. Due to the formation of the contacting element 12 as an electrically conductive powder, the contacting element 12 ensures a resilient contact, which is able to carry high currents without thermal destruction. The large surface of the powder ensures a good thermal conductivity. For the same reason, a low contact resistance with good conductivity can be realized. Graphite and ceramic conductive materials are also corrosion resistant. The elastic spring portion of the tablet of electrically conductive powder ensures that the tablet compensates thermal movements of the components by different coefficients of thermal expansion.
  • the tablet of electrically conductive powder is limited by a cylindrical clamping sleeve 9, which instead of the in FIG. 1 shown ceramic sleeve 8 is present as an independent component.
  • the clamping sleeve 9 is provided analogously to the ceramic sleeve 8 as an insulating component, it consists in a preferred embodiment of ceramic material.
  • the tablet of electrically conductive powder is pressed firmly between the flange of the connecting element on the combustion chamber remote end side, the pin 11 of the glow plug 14 on the combustion chamber side end and the clamping sleeve 9.
  • the clamping between these fixed components in particular the fixed stop of the clamping sleeve 9 on the ceramic sleeve 8, ie the limited Verpreßashes prevents the surrounding clamping sleeve 9 is not torn by a too large internal pressure buildup due to the compression of the contacting element 12.
  • the axial preload of the elastic spring component achieved by the clamping of the tablet of electrically conductive powder can be compensated for thermal expansions, setting behavior and vibration stress during shaking stress of the glow plug.
  • a glow plug after FIG. 5 with a tablet of electrically conductive powder as the contacting element 12 is prepared as follows. First, the seal pack 15 is guided by the combustion chamber-side tip of the ceramic glow plug 14 on the ceramic glow plug 14 and introduced as a composite in the plug housing 4 from the combustion chamber remote end. Subsequently, the contacting element 12, the clamping sleeve 9, the connecting element 5, 10, the ceramic sleeve 8 and the metal ring 7 are arranged in a holding element and then also introduced from the combustion chamber remote end into the candle housing 4.
  • the components contained in the plug housing is pressed, in particular the contacting element 12, which consists of a tablet of electrically conductive powder, and the sealing packing 15 is pressed.
  • a force is exerted on the contacting element 12 only until the contact pin 10 of the connection element 5, 10 has completely pressed into the clamping sleeve 9 and the end face of the ceramic sleeve 8 rests on the end face of the clamping sleeve 9.
  • the compression of the tablet of electrically conductive powder also ensures that the elastic spring portion of the tablet is biased.
  • the metal ring 7 is caulked by means of a force applied radially from the outside to the plug housing 4.
  • the seal 3 and the circular connector 2 are mounted and also caulked by means of a radially applied externally to the plug housing 4 force.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP00960314A 1999-08-27 2000-07-25 Keramische glühstiftkerze Expired - Lifetime EP1214551B2 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200030550T SI1214551T1 (en) 1999-08-27 2000-07-25 Ceramic sheathed element glow plug

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19940668 1999-08-27
DE19940668 1999-08-27
DE10020329 2000-04-26
DE10020329A DE10020329A1 (de) 1999-08-27 2000-04-26 Keramische Glühstiftkerze
PCT/DE2000/002418 WO2001016528A1 (de) 1999-08-27 2000-07-25 Keramische glühstiftkerze

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1214551A1 EP1214551A1 (de) 2002-06-19
EP1214551B1 EP1214551B1 (de) 2004-10-27
EP1214551B2 true EP1214551B2 (de) 2010-09-08

Family

ID=26005465

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00960314A Expired - Lifetime EP1214551B2 (de) 1999-08-27 2000-07-25 Keramische glühstiftkerze

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6660970B1 (pl)
EP (1) EP1214551B2 (pl)
JP (1) JP2003508712A (pl)
AT (1) ATE280928T1 (pl)
CZ (1) CZ300980B6 (pl)
ES (1) ES2231250T3 (pl)
HU (1) HUP0202789A2 (pl)
PL (1) PL195123B1 (pl)
WO (1) WO2001016528A1 (pl)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10136596B4 (de) * 2001-07-30 2005-09-15 Beru Ag Verfahren zur Verbindung eines stabförmigen Heizelements mit einem rohrförmigen Gehäuse einer Glühkerze und durch dieses Verfahren hergestellte Glühkerze
DE10339641A1 (de) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze mit besonders eingebettetem Kontaktelement
DE102004002485A1 (de) * 2004-01-17 2005-08-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze mit integrierter Temperaturerfassung
US7115836B2 (en) * 2004-06-29 2006-10-03 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Glow plug
US7607206B2 (en) * 2005-12-29 2009-10-27 Federal Mogul World Wide, Inc. Method for forming layered heating element for glow plug
US20090139972A1 (en) * 2007-10-23 2009-06-04 Psion Teklogix Inc. Docking connector
DE102008008205A1 (de) * 2008-02-07 2009-08-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Metallische Glühstiftkerze mit Temperaturmessung
US20100082219A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Engine Using Glow Plug Resistance For Estimating Combustion Temperature
DE102009028952A1 (de) * 2009-08-27 2011-03-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühkerze mit integriertem Temperaturfühler
DE102009045273A1 (de) * 2009-10-02 2011-04-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Glühkerze
US8901467B2 (en) * 2010-12-09 2014-12-02 Surface Igniter Llc Multi-layer ceramic heater and/or igniter and method for making the same
FR3025153B1 (fr) * 2014-09-01 2016-12-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Bougie de prechauffage
DE102014220036A1 (de) * 2014-10-02 2016-04-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze

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JPS63297923A (ja) † 1987-05-29 1988-12-05 Hitachi Metals Ltd ディ−ゼルエンジン用グロ−プラグ
JPH04268112A (ja) † 1991-02-20 1992-09-24 Jidosha Kiki Co Ltd セラミックヒータ型グロープラグ

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JPS63297923A (ja) † 1987-05-29 1988-12-05 Hitachi Metals Ltd ディ−ゼルエンジン用グロ−プラグ
JPH04268112A (ja) † 1991-02-20 1992-09-24 Jidosha Kiki Co Ltd セラミックヒータ型グロープラグ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001016528A1 (de) 2001-03-08
ATE280928T1 (de) 2004-11-15
HUP0202789A2 (en) 2003-01-28
PL353309A1 (pl) 2003-11-17
US6660970B1 (en) 2003-12-09
EP1214551A1 (de) 2002-06-19
ES2231250T3 (es) 2005-05-16
PL195123B1 (pl) 2007-08-31
EP1214551B1 (de) 2004-10-27
CZ300980B6 (cs) 2009-09-30
CZ2002629A3 (cs) 2002-10-16
JP2003508712A (ja) 2003-03-04

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