EP1229165B1 - Flameproof fleece containing regenerated cellulose fibres - Google Patents
Flameproof fleece containing regenerated cellulose fibres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1229165B1 EP1229165B1 EP20020000887 EP02000887A EP1229165B1 EP 1229165 B1 EP1229165 B1 EP 1229165B1 EP 20020000887 EP20020000887 EP 20020000887 EP 02000887 A EP02000887 A EP 02000887A EP 1229165 B1 EP1229165 B1 EP 1229165B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flame
- flame retardant
- regenerated cellulose
- fibrous nonwoven
- nonwoven web
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000433 Lyocell Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical class [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L diphosphonate(2-) Chemical class [O-]P(=O)OP([O-])=O XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001912 cyanamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNCOSPRUTUOJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Biguanide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC(N)=N XNCOSPRUTUOJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123208 Biguanide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQSPRWMERUQXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanylurea Chemical compound NC(=N)NC(N)=O SQSPRWMERUQXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000000907 Musa textilis Species 0.000 description 1
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 201000010001 Silicosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYTOONVFPBUIJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;cyanic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C#N QYTOONVFPBUIJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116349 dibasic ammonium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- OQLIEEINQMPPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethylcyanamide Chemical class OCNC#N OQLIEEINQMPPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoramidic acid Chemical class NP(O)(O)=O PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/34—Ignifugeants
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/02—Synthetic cellulose fibres
- D21H13/08—Synthetic cellulose fibres from regenerated cellulose
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/07—Nitrogen-containing compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/10—Phosphorus-containing compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flameproof nonwoven fabric comprising regenerated cellulose fibers and a process for producing the same.
- Cryogenic tank systems such as storage tanks or transport tanks for temperature-sensitive substances such.
- Liquid gases usually consisting of an outer tank and an inner tank, wherein the inner tank is inserted into the outer tank, that between the outer and the inner tank, a space remains, which can be evacuated with a view to a good insulating effect.
- both the outer and the inner tank are usually surrounded with insulating materials.
- cryogenic insulation which is a composite structure of a glass fiber fleece or a glass fiber fabric and an aluminum foil.
- fiberglass fabrics and / or nonwoven fabrics may exhibit hard-crystalline fiber fragments in the event of breakage or destruction of the fabric or web which are believed to be responsible for certain diseases such as silicosis.
- the JP-A-49-094903 discloses a paper substitute material consisting of 50 to 90 parts of non-meltable fine fibers having a fiber diameter of up to 10 ⁇ m and 50 fire-resistant up to 10 parts of rayon fibers containing 10 to 40% phosphorus-containing polymer is.
- JP-A-50-053 428 discloses nonwoven fabrics or papers treated with an emulsion of a copolymer of ethylene, vinyl chloride and a crosslinking monomer or a copolymer of ethylene, vinyl chloride, a crosslinking monomer and vinyl acetate.
- DE-A-20 45 118 discloses a process for producing a nonwoven viscose fiber product, characterized in that viscose fibers containing hydroxymethyl cellulose xanthate are dispersed in an aqueous medium such that the dispersed viscose fibers are made into a web such that the viscose fibers be swelled that the swollen viscose fibers are bonded together, and that the hydroxymethyl cellulose xanthate is decomposed in the viscose fibers to cellulose.
- RO-A-72989 discloses a flameproofing agent for synthetic fiber paper comprising a condensate of phosphoric acid and urea (1: 3).
- JP-A-51-092305 discloses cellulosic materials impregnated or surface treated with aqueous solutions of ammonium polyphosphate, urea and dicyandiamide.
- US-A-3 819 518 discloses cellulosic materials which have been fireproofed with a composition of a phosphoric acid salt and a salt of guanidine, guanylurea or a biguanide.
- GB-A-2 325 248 describes the production of a paper containing lyocell fibers on an inclined wire paper machine.
- the present invention is a flame-resistant nonwoven having a LOI value (limiting oxygen index) of at least 65, the fiber material is applied with a flame retardant, wherein the fiber material of grindable and fibrillable cellulose regenerated with a freeness of 5 to 75 ° SR and optionally 0 , 1 to 90% based on the nonwoven weight, natural and / or synthetic long fibers.
- LOI value limiting oxygen index
- the present invention further provides a process for producing a refractory nonwoven having a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of at least 65 by charging a slurry of fibrous material comprised of millable and fibrillatable regenerated cellulose fibers having a freeness of from 5 to 75 ° SR and optionally 0.1 to 90% based on the nonwoven weight, natural and / or synthetic long fibers, with a flame retardant on a paper machine.
- LOI limiting oxygen index
- nonwoven we mean according to the invention non-woven, sheet-like materials which consist of substantial proportions of synthetic fibers.
- the fibers used to produce the nonwoven fabric according to the invention are millable and fibrillatable regenerated cellulose fibers, which may optionally contain from 0.1 to 90%, based on the paper weight, of natural and / or synthetic long fibers.
- Cellulose regenerate fibers are defined in the specialist literature (see, for example, sucralose, Vol. 2, Verlag Harri Deutsch, Thun, 1979, p.1551) as chemical pulps obtained by regenerating dissolved cellulose by the wet spinning process.
- the long fibers may be, for example, those of softwood pulps, sisal, kenaf, jute, hemp, flax, abaca fibers and synthetic fibers such as polyester and polyethylene fibers.
- the regenerated cellulose fibers used in the present invention are preferably the lyocell fibers known in the art.
- lyocell fibers The production of lyocell fibers is known in the art. Usually, pulp is dissolved in an aqueous amine oxide solution. The resulting solution is then extruded in dilute amine oxide to cellulose in fibrous form, which fibers may optionally be subjected, after washing, to finishing treatment tailored to end use.
- the cellulose generator fibers according to the invention are fibers having a freeness of 5 to 75 ° SR (the freeness is carried out according to the invention in a known manner in the art with a MahlgradprüfICI Schopper Riegler), suitably with a freeness of 30 to 60 ° SR and preferably with a Grinding degree from 45 to 55 ° SR.
- the flame retardants used according to the invention are usually phosphorus- and / or nitrogen-containing compounds which can be used individually or in combinations.
- Examples of usable phosphorus compounds are organic phosphorus compounds such as cyclic and acyclic phosphonate and diphosphonate esters, alkylphosphonic acids and their salts, chlorinated phosphorus compounds such as chlorinated phosphonate esters or chlorinated phosphate esters, organic phosphorus nitrogen compounds such as alkylamine phosphate salts, aminophosphonic acids and their salts, or inorganic phosphorus compounds such as ammonium salts of Phosphates and polyphosphates, eg Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium dihydrogen phosphate, pyrophosphoric acids or any combination of the above compounds.
- organic phosphorus compounds such as cyclic and acyclic phosphonate and diphosphonate esters, alkylphosphonic acids and their salts
- chlorinated phosphorus compounds such as chlorinated phosphonate esters or chlorinated phosphate esters
- organic phosphorus nitrogen compounds such as alkylamine phosphate salts, aminophosphonic
- nitrogen compounds are urea, thiourea, cyanamides, dicyanamides, methylol cyanamides, cyanates such as ammonium cyanate, thiocyanates and melamines.
- aqueous solutions of inorganic dihydrogen phosphates are used in combination with alkylphosphonic acids or cyanamides.
- the proportion of the acted flame retardant according to the invention is usually at least 40 wt .-%, based on the fiber weight, suitably at least 100 wt .-%, and preferably at least 150 wt .-% flame retardant.
- a nonwoven according to the invention treated with flame retardant in accordance with the process of the invention can absorb a very high amount of flame retardant while maintaining the other important physical properties of the nonwoven, such as strength and elongation.
- the nonwoven according to the invention usually has a breaking force in the longitudinal direction of more than 3.2 N / 15 mm, advantageously of more than 5.0 N / 15 mm, and preferably of more than 6.5 N / 15 mm.
- the nonwoven fabric of the present invention typically has a transverse breaking force greater than 1.0 N / 15 mm, more preferably greater than 2.0 N / 15 mm, and more preferably of more than 2.5 N / 15 mm.
- the breaking load in the longitudinal or transverse direction was determined according to the invention according to DIN EN ISO 1924/2.
- the nonwoven fabric according to the invention usually has an elongation at break in the longitudinal direction of more than 0.5%, advantageously more than 0.7% and preferably more than 0.8 %.
- the nonwoven according to the invention further has, for example, at a basis weight of 27 g / m 2 after being applied, usually a transverse elongation at break of more than 0.5%, advantageously more than 0.9% and preferably more than 1, 2%.
- the elongation at break in the longitudinal or transverse direction was determined according to the invention according to DIN EN ISO 1924/2.
- the flame retardancy of the nonwovens according to the invention was determined according to the invention by the indication of the LOI value (limiting oxygen index) according to ASTM D-2863.
- the nonwoven fabric according to the invention has an LOI value of more than 75 and preferably an LOI value of more than 85.
- the nonwoven according to the invention moreover has a high air permeability of more than 2500 l / m 2 s, preferably of more than 2800 l / m 2 s.
- the air permeability was determined according to the invention by Akustromunk according to DIN EN ISO 9237.
- the gap between the inner and outer tank can be easily evacuated at a cryogenic tank system produced with the nonwoven fabric according to the invention as cryogener insulation and the cryogenic insulating layer itself, since the nonwoven according to the invention shows only a slight moisture absorption.
- the nonwoven according to the invention expediently has a surface basis weight of 8 to 50 g / m 2 and preferably 9 to 30 g / m 2, without including the additional constituents to be acted upon, including flame retardants.
- the basis weight was determined according to the invention according to DIN ISO 536.
- the weight per unit area of the nonwoven according to the invention is expediently 11 to 150 g / m 2 and preferably 27 to 90 g / m 2 .
- a further embodiment of the present invention provides a process according to claim 6 for producing a refractory nonwoven comprising regenerated cellulose fibers having an LOI of at least 65 by imparting a slurry of cellulosic fibers with a flame retardant to a paper machine.
- the paper machine used is an oblique screen paper machine, which corresponds to the state of the art and is shown in the attached figure.
- fibers are used according to the invention as starting materials, which undergo a grinding were.
- a fiber mixture to be used is subjected to grinding, for example using a refiner.
- a defoamer may be added to the fiber mixture.
- the defoamer is used in an amount of 0.001 to 5 vol .-%, based on the fiber mixture.
- the defoamer to be used is usually defoamers known in the art, for example aqueous emulsions of aliphatic hydroxy compounds.
- fibers with a freeness of 5 to 75 ° SR (the degree of grinding is carried out according to the invention in the art known manner with a MahlgradprüfICI Schopper Riegler), suitably with a freeness of 30 to 60 ° SR and preferably with a freeness of 45 to 55 ° SR used.
- the strengths of the nonwoven fabric according to the invention achieved by fiber-fiber bonding can be improved.
- the use of fibers having a suitable degree of grinding makes it possible to dispense with the concomitant use of a strength-improving binder in the production of the nonwoven fabric according to the invention. Due to the absence of a binder, the absorption capacity of the nonwoven fabric according to the invention for the flame retardant is not impaired according to the invention. This is all the more surprising, since the concomitant use of a binder is usually necessary when loading the fibers with a larger amount of flame retardants used here.
- the waiver of the use of binders brings according to the invention the advantage that the flame resistance of the nonwoven fabric according to the invention is not impaired.
- a fiber suspension is produced with water, which is fed via a so-called headbox of the paper machine.
- This essentially has a peripheral sieve, which is passed over a number of dewatering chambers.
- the suspension is passed onto the sieve via first dewatering chambers, the water being drawn off through the chambers and the dewatering line. This forms a fibrous layer on the moving screen.
- the now formed fiber layer is removed from the screen and fed to a drying.
- This drying can be done in various ways, for. B. by contact drying or through-flow drying.
- the drying is through-flow drying using hot air.
- the obtained web is rolled up on a roll.
- Lyocell fibers of 8 mm average fiber length which do not comprise any further fiber blends, are subjected to milling, adjusting 44 ° SR (Schopper-Riegler).
- a commercially available defoamer (Afranil®, aqueous emulsion of aliphatic hydroxy compounds) is added in an amount of 0.05%, based on the weight of the fiber.
- the fleece in the size press is treated with a mixture of commercially available flame retardant (1: 1 mixture of Antiblaze® (an aqueous solution of polyphosphoric acid salts) and dicyandiamide (cyanoguanidine)) after a first drying over a flow dryer.
- a mixture of commercially available flame retardant (1: 1 mixture of Antiblaze® (an aqueous solution of polyphosphoric acid salts) and dicyandiamide (cyanoguanidine)
- the amount of fiber applied to the moving screen via the headbox is adjusted so that the nonwoven has a weight per unit area of 9 g / m 2 without being loaded.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein flammfestes Vlies, das Celluloseregeneratfasern umfasst, und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben.The present invention relates to a flameproof nonwoven fabric comprising regenerated cellulose fibers and a process for producing the same.
Cryogene Tanksysteme, beispielsweise Lagertanks oder Transporttanks für temperaturempfindliche Substanzen wie z.B. flüssige Gase, bestehen üblicherweise aus einem äußeren Tank und einem inneren Tank, wobei der innere Tank so in den äußeren Tank eingesetzt ist, dass zwischen dem äußeren und dem inneren Tank ein Raum verbleibt, der im Hinblick auf eine gute Isolierwirkung evakuiert werden kann. Um die Isolierwirkung zu verbessern, sind darüber hinaus sowohl der äußere als auch der innere Tank üblicherweise mit Isoliermaterialien umgeben.Cryogenic tank systems, such as storage tanks or transport tanks for temperature-sensitive substances such. Liquid gases, usually consisting of an outer tank and an inner tank, wherein the inner tank is inserted into the outer tank, that between the outer and the inner tank, a space remains, which can be evacuated with a view to a good insulating effect. In order to improve the insulating effect, moreover, both the outer and the inner tank are usually surrounded with insulating materials.
Während die Isolierung des äußeren Tanks in vielfältiger Weise erfolgt, ist der innere Tank üblicherweise mit einer cryogenen Isolierung umhüllt. Die cryogene Isolierung erfordert dabei insbesondere die folgenden Eigenschaften:
- 1. Barrierewirkung, um einen konvektiven Wärmetransport zu verhindern,
- 2. geringe oder keine Entflammbarkeit, um einen Brand von entflammbaren Substanzen im Tanksystem zu verhindern, und
- 3. geringe Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme, um ein Evakuieren des Zwischenraums zu erleichtern.
- 1. Barrier action to prevent convective heat transport
- 2. low or no flammability to prevent fire of flammable substances in the tank system, and
- 3. Low moisture absorption to facilitate evacuation of the gap.
So ist beispielsweise aus der WO-A-97/17149 bekannt, den inneren Tank mit einer cryogenen Isolierung auszurüsten, bei der es sich um ein Verbundgebilde aus einem Glasfaservlies oder einem Glasfasergewebe und einer Aluminiumfolie handelt.For example, it is known from WO-A-97/17149 to equip the inner tank with a cryogenic insulation, which is a composite structure of a glass fiber fleece or a glass fiber fabric and an aluminum foil.
Wie auf dem einschlägigen Fachgebiet bekannt ist, können jedoch bei Glasfasergeweben und/oder -vliesen im Falle eines Bruchs oder einer Zerstörung des Gewebes oder des Vlieses hartkristalline Faserfragmente auftreten, die nach gesicherten Erkenntnissen für bestimmte Erkrankungen, wie Silikose, ursächlich sind.As is known in the art, however, fiberglass fabrics and / or nonwoven fabrics may exhibit hard-crystalline fiber fragments in the event of breakage or destruction of the fabric or web which are believed to be responsible for certain diseases such as silicosis.
So ist die Verwendung von Glasfasern bei diesen Tanksystemen mit dem Nachteil behaftet, dass bei einem Bruch des Tanksystems und einer damit verbundenen Beschädigung der relativ dünnen Schichten, die um den inneren Tank gewickelt sind, eine Gesundheitsgefahr für die damit in Berührung kommenden Personen besteht und darüber hinaus die Entsorgung derartiger Tankbehältnisse hohe Entsorgungskosten aufwirft.Thus, the use of glass fibers in these tank systems suffers from the disadvantage that if the tank system breaks and the associated damage to the relatively thin layers wound around the inner tank poses a health hazard to the persons in contact with it and above In addition, the disposal of such tank containers raises high disposal costs.
Die JP-A-49-094903 offenbart ein Papierersatzmaterial, das aus 50 bis 90 Teilen nichtschmelzbaren feinen Fasern mit einem Faserdurchmesser von bis zu 10 µm und 50 bis 10 Teilen feuerbeständigen Rayonfasern, die 10 bis 40% phosphorhaltiges Polymer enthalten, besteht.The JP-A-49-094903 discloses a paper substitute material consisting of 50 to 90 parts of non-meltable fine fibers having a fiber diameter of up to 10 μ m and 50 fire-resistant up to 10 parts of rayon fibers containing 10 to 40% phosphorus-containing polymer is.
Die JP-A-50-053 428 offenbart Faservliese oder Papiere, die mit einer Emulsion eines Copolymers aus Ethylen, Vinylchlorid und einem vernetzenden Monomer oder eines Copolymers aus Ethylen, Vinylchlorid, einem vernetzenden Monomer und Vinylacetat behandelt sind.JP-A-50-053 428 discloses nonwoven fabrics or papers treated with an emulsion of a copolymer of ethylene, vinyl chloride and a crosslinking monomer or a copolymer of ethylene, vinyl chloride, a crosslinking monomer and vinyl acetate.
Die DE-A-20 45 118 offenbart ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines ungewebten Fasererzeugnisses aus Viskosefasern, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass Hydroxymethyl-cellulosexanthat enthaltende Viskosefasern in einem wässerigen Medium dispergiert werden, dass die dispergierten Viskosefasern zu einer Bahn verarbeitet werden, dass die Viskosefasern zum Quellen gebracht werden, dass die gequollenen Viskosefasern miteinander verbunden werden, und dass das Hydroxymethyl-cellulosexanthat in den Viskosefasern zu Cellulose zersetzt wird.DE-A-20 45 118 discloses a process for producing a nonwoven viscose fiber product, characterized in that viscose fibers containing hydroxymethyl cellulose xanthate are dispersed in an aqueous medium such that the dispersed viscose fibers are made into a web such that the viscose fibers be swelled that the swollen viscose fibers are bonded together, and that the hydroxymethyl cellulose xanthate is decomposed in the viscose fibers to cellulose.
Die RO-A-72 989 offenbart ein flammfest machendes Mittel für Papier aus synthetischen Fasern, das ein Kondensat aus Phosphorsäure und Harnstoff (1:3) umfasst.RO-A-72989 discloses a flameproofing agent for synthetic fiber paper comprising a condensate of phosphoric acid and urea (1: 3).
In Przim. Chim. 64, Nr. 8, 381-383 (1985) wird ein Experiment beschrieben, bei dem ein aus Buchen- und Kiefernpulpe hergestelltes Büttenpapier verschieden lange mit wässrigen Lösungen von Harnstoff, zweibasigem Ammoniumphosphat oder Phosphorsäure imprägniert wurde. Im Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass derartig behandeltes Papier zwar einen LOI-Wert von bis zu 92 aufwies, dass deren Nassfestigkeit, Bruchlänge und EtOH-Sorption jedoch deutlich verringert waren.In Przim. Chim. 64, No. 8, 381-383 (1985), an experiment is described in which a handmade paper made from beech and pine pulp was impregnated for various periods with aqueous solutions of urea, dibasic ammonium phosphate or phosphoric acid. As a result, such treated paper had an LOI of up to 92, but its wet strength, breaking length and EtOH sorption were significantly reduced.
Die JP-A-51-092 305 offenbart Cellulosematerialien, die mit wässrigen Lösungen von Ammoniumpolyphosphat, Harnstoff und Dicyandiamid impregniert oder oberflächenbehandelt wurden.JP-A-51-092305 discloses cellulosic materials impregnated or surface treated with aqueous solutions of ammonium polyphosphate, urea and dicyandiamide.
Die US-A-3 819 518 offenbart Cellulosematerialien, die mit einer Zusammensetzung aus einem Phosphoräuresalz und einem Salz von Guanidin, Guanylharnstoff oder einem Biguanid feuerfest gemacht wurden.US-A-3 819 518 discloses cellulosic materials which have been fireproofed with a composition of a phosphoric acid salt and a salt of guanidine, guanylurea or a biguanide.
Die GB-A-2 325 248 beschreibt die Herstellung eines Lyocellfasern enthaltenden Papiers auf einer Schrägsiebpapiermaschine.GB-A-2 325 248 describes the production of a paper containing lyocell fibers on an inclined wire paper machine.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es folglich, ein feuerfestes Isoliermaterial für ein cryogenes Tanksystem anzugeben, das frei von den obigen Nachteilen ist.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a refractory insulating material for a cryogenic tank system which is free from the above disadvantages.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein flammfestes Vlies mit einem LOI-Wert (limiting oxygen index) von mindestens 65, dessen Fasermaterial mit einem Flammschutzmittel beaufschlagt ist, wobei das Fasermaterial aus mahlbaren und fibrillierbaren Celluloseregeneratfasern mit einem Mahlgrad von 5 bis 75 °SR und gegebenenfalls 0,1 bis 90% bezogen auf das Vliesgewicht, natürlichen und/oder synthetischen Langfasern besteht.The present invention is a flame-resistant nonwoven having a LOI value (limiting oxygen index) of at least 65, the fiber material is applied with a flame retardant, wherein the fiber material of grindable and fibrillable cellulose regenerated with a freeness of 5 to 75 ° SR and optionally 0 , 1 to 90% based on the nonwoven weight, natural and / or synthetic long fibers.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines feuerfesten Vlieses mit einem LOI-Wert (limiting oxygen index) von mindestens 65 durch Beaufschlagen einer Aufschlämmung von Fasermaterial, das aus mahlbaren und fibrillierbaren Celluloseregeneratfasern mit einem Mahlgrad von 5 bis 75 °SR und gegebenenfalls 0,1 bis 90% bezogen auf das Vliesgewicht, natürlichen und/oder synthetischen Langfasern besteht, mit einem Flammschutzmittel auf einer Papiermaschine.The present invention further provides a process for producing a refractory nonwoven having a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of at least 65 by charging a slurry of fibrous material comprised of millable and fibrillatable regenerated cellulose fibers having a freeness of from 5 to 75 ° SR and optionally 0.1 to 90% based on the nonwoven weight, natural and / or synthetic long fibers, with a flame retardant on a paper machine.
Unter "Vlies" verstehen wir erfindungsgemäß nicht gewebte, flächenförmige Materialien, die zu wesentlichen Anteilen aus synthetischen Fasern bestehen.By "nonwoven" we mean according to the invention non-woven, sheet-like materials which consist of substantial proportions of synthetic fibers.
Erfindungsgemäß handelt es sich bei den zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Vlieses verwendeten Fasern um mahlbare und fibrillierbare Celluloseregeneratfasern, die gegebenenfalls 0,1 bis 90 %, bezogen auf das Papiergewicht, natürliche und/oder synthetische Langfasern enthalten können.According to the invention, the fibers used to produce the nonwoven fabric according to the invention are millable and fibrillatable regenerated cellulose fibers, which may optionally contain from 0.1 to 90%, based on the paper weight, of natural and / or synthetic long fibers.
Celluloseregeneratfasern werden in der Fachliteratur (siehe beispielsweise Fachlexikon Chemie, Bd. 2, Verlag Harri Deutsch, Thun, 1979, S.1551) als Chemiefaserstoffe definiert, die durch Regenerieren gelöster Cellulose nach dem Naßspinnverfahren gewonnen werden.Cellulose regenerate fibers are defined in the specialist literature (see, for example, Fachlexikon Chemie, Vol. 2, Verlag Harri Deutsch, Thun, 1979, p.1551) as chemical pulps obtained by regenerating dissolved cellulose by the wet spinning process.
Bei den Langfasern kann es sich beispielsweise um solche aus Nadelholzzellstoffen, aus Sisal-, Kenaf-, Jute-, Hanf-, Flachs-, Abacafasern sowie synthetische Fasern wie beispielsweise Polyester- und Polyethylenfasern handeln.The long fibers may be, for example, those of softwood pulps, sisal, kenaf, jute, hemp, flax, abaca fibers and synthetic fibers such as polyester and polyethylene fibers.
Bei den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Celluloseregeneratfasern handelt es sich vorzugsweise um die auf dem einschlägigen Fachgebiet bekannten Lyocellfasern.The regenerated cellulose fibers used in the present invention are preferably the lyocell fibers known in the art.
Die Herstellung der Lyocellfasern ist auf dem einschlägigen Fachgebiet bekannt. Üblicherweise wird Zellstoff in einer wässrigen Aminoxidlösung aufgelöst. Die daraus entstandene Lösung wird anschließend in verdünntem Aminoxid zu Cellulose in Faserform extrudiert, wobei die erhaltenen Fasern nach einem Waschen gegebenenfalls einer auf den Endverbrauch abgestimmten Veredelungsbehandlung unterzogen werden können.The production of lyocell fibers is known in the art. Usually, pulp is dissolved in an aqueous amine oxide solution. The resulting solution is then extruded in dilute amine oxide to cellulose in fibrous form, which fibers may optionally be subjected, after washing, to finishing treatment tailored to end use.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Cellulosengeneratfasern sind Fasern mit einem Mahlgrad von 5 bis 75 °SR (der Mahlgrad wird erfindungsgemäß in auf dem einschlägigen Fachgebiet bekannter Weise mit einem Mahlgradprüfgerät nach Schopper-Riegler durchgeführt), zweckmäßigerweise mit einem Mahlgrad von 30 bis 60 °SR und vorzugsweise mit einem Mahlgrad von 45 bis 55 °SR.The cellulose generator fibers according to the invention are fibers having a freeness of 5 to 75 ° SR (the freeness is carried out according to the invention in a known manner in the art with a Mahlgradprüfgerät Schopper Riegler), suitably with a freeness of 30 to 60 ° SR and preferably with a Grinding degree from 45 to 55 ° SR.
Bei den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Flammschutzmitteln handelt es sich üblicherweise um phosphor- und/oder stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen, die einzeln oder in Kombinationen eingesetzt werden können.The flame retardants used according to the invention are usually phosphorus- and / or nitrogen-containing compounds which can be used individually or in combinations.
Beispiele für verwendbare Phosphorverbindungen sind organische Phosphorverbindungen, wie cyclische und acyclische Phosphonat-und Diphosphonatester, Alkylphosphonsäuren und deren Salze, chlorierte Phosphorverbindungen, wie chlorierte Phosphonatester oder chlorierte Phosphatester, organische Phosphorstickstoffverbindungen, wie Alkylaminphosphatsalze, Aminophosphonsäuren und deren Salze, oder anorganische Phosphorverbindungen, wie Ammoniumsalze von Phosphaten und Polyphosphaten, z.B. Ammoniumdihydrogenphosphat oder Natriumdihydrogenphosphat, Pyrophosphorsäuren oder um beliebige Kombinationen der obigen Verbindungen.Examples of usable phosphorus compounds are organic phosphorus compounds such as cyclic and acyclic phosphonate and diphosphonate esters, alkylphosphonic acids and their salts, chlorinated phosphorus compounds such as chlorinated phosphonate esters or chlorinated phosphate esters, organic phosphorus nitrogen compounds such as alkylamine phosphate salts, aminophosphonic acids and their salts, or inorganic phosphorus compounds such as ammonium salts of Phosphates and polyphosphates, eg Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium dihydrogen phosphate, pyrophosphoric acids or any combination of the above compounds.
Beispiele für Stickstoffverbindungen sind Harnstoff, Thioharnstoff, Cyanamide, Dicyanamide, Methylolcyanamide, Cyanate wie Ammoniumcyanat, Thiocyanate und Melamine.Examples of nitrogen compounds are urea, thiourea, cyanamides, dicyanamides, methylol cyanamides, cyanates such as ammonium cyanate, thiocyanates and melamines.
Vorzugsweise werden erfindungsgemäß wässrige Lösungen anorganischer Dihydrogenphosphate in Kombination mit Alkylphosphonsäuren bzw. Cyanamiden eingesetzt.Preferably, according to the invention, aqueous solutions of inorganic dihydrogen phosphates are used in combination with alkylphosphonic acids or cyanamides.
Der Anteil des beaufschlagten Flammschutzmittels beträgt erfindungsgemäß üblicherweise mindestens 40 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Fasergewicht, zweckmäßigerweise mindestens 100 Gew.-%, und vorzugsweise mindestens 150 Gew.-% Flammschutzmittel.The proportion of the acted flame retardant according to the invention is usually at least 40 wt .-%, based on the fiber weight, suitably at least 100 wt .-%, and preferably at least 150 wt .-% flame retardant.
Erfindungsgemäß wurde nämlich in überraschender Weise festgestellt, dass ein entsprechend dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren mit Flammschutzmittel beaufschlagtes erfindungsgemäßes Vlies unter Aufrechterhaltung der anderen wichtigen physikalischen Eigenschaften des Vlieses, wie Festigkeit und Dehnung, eine sehr hohe Menge Flammschutzmittel aufzunehmen vermag.In accordance with the invention, it has surprisingly been found that a nonwoven according to the invention treated with flame retardant in accordance with the process of the invention can absorb a very high amount of flame retardant while maintaining the other important physical properties of the nonwoven, such as strength and elongation.
So besitzt das erfindungsgemäße Vlies in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beispielsweise bei einem Flächengewicht von 27 g/m2 nach Beaufschlagung üblicherweise eine Bruchkraft in Längsrichtung von mehr als 3,2 N/15 mm, zweckmäßigerweise von mehr als 5,0 N/15 mm und vorzugsweise von mehr als 6,5 N/15 mm.Thus, in a preferred embodiment, for example, at a weight per unit area of 27 g / m 2 , the nonwoven according to the invention usually has a breaking force in the longitudinal direction of more than 3.2 N / 15 mm, advantageously of more than 5.0 N / 15 mm, and preferably of more than 6.5 N / 15 mm.
Ferner weist das erfindungsgemäße Vlies in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beispielsweise bei einem Flächengewicht von 27 g/m2 nach Beaufschlagung üblicherweise eine Bruchkraft in Querrichtung von mehr als 1,0 N/15 mm, zweckmäßigerweise von mehr als 2,0 N/15 mm und vorzugsweise von mehr als 2,5 N/15 mm auf.Further, in a preferred embodiment, for example, at a basis weight of 27 g / m 2 , the nonwoven fabric of the present invention typically has a transverse breaking force greater than 1.0 N / 15 mm, more preferably greater than 2.0 N / 15 mm, and more preferably of more than 2.5 N / 15 mm.
Die Bruchkraft in Längs- bzw. Querrichtung wurde dabei erfindungsgemäß gemäß DIN EN ISO 1924/2 bestimmt.The breaking load in the longitudinal or transverse direction was determined according to the invention according to DIN EN ISO 1924/2.
Ferner besitzt das erfindungsgemäße Vlies in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beispielsweise bei einem Flächengewicht von 27 g/m2 nach Beaufschlagung üblicherweise eine Bruchdehnung in Längsrichtung von mehr als 0,5 %, zweckmäßigerweise von mehr als 0,7 % und vorzugsweise von mehr als 0,8 %.Further, in a preferred embodiment, for example, at a basis weight of 27 g / m 2 , the nonwoven fabric according to the invention usually has an elongation at break in the longitudinal direction of more than 0.5%, advantageously more than 0.7% and preferably more than 0.8 %.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform besitzt das erfindungsgemäße Vlies ferner beispielsweise bei einem Flächengewicht von 27 g/m2 nach Beaufschlagung üblicherweise eine Bruchdehnung in Querrichtung von mehr als 0,5 %, zweckmäßigerweise von mehr als 0,9 % und vorzugsweise von mehr als 1,2 %. Die Bruchdehnung in Längs- bzw. Querrichtung wurde dabei erfindungsgemäß gemäß DIN EN ISO 1924/2 bestimmt.In a further preferred embodiment, the nonwoven according to the invention further has, for example, at a basis weight of 27 g / m 2 after being applied, usually a transverse elongation at break of more than 0.5%, advantageously more than 0.9% and preferably more than 1, 2%. The elongation at break in the longitudinal or transverse direction was determined according to the invention according to DIN EN ISO 1924/2.
Für den Fachmann auf dem einschlägigen Fachgebiet ist es offensichtlich, dass die oben beschriebenen Parameter Bruchkraft und Bruchdehnung bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Vlies mit zunehmendem Flächengewicht ansteigen, während der im folgenden beschriebene Parameter Luftdurchlässigkeit mit zunehmendem Flächengewicht abnimmt.It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above-described parameters breaking strength and elongation at break increase with increasing basis weight in the nonwoven fabric of the present invention, while the air permeability parameter, described below, decreases with increasing basis weight.
Die Flammschutzeigenschaft der erfindungsgemäßen Vliese wurde erfindungsgemäß über die Angabe des LOI-Werts (limiting oxygen index) gemäß ASTM-D-2863 bestimmt. In zweckmäßiger Weise besitzt das erfindungsgemäße Vlies einen LOI-Wert von mehr als 75 und vorzugsweise einen LOI-Wert von mehr als 85.The flame retardancy of the nonwovens according to the invention was determined according to the invention by the indication of the LOI value (limiting oxygen index) according to ASTM D-2863. Conveniently, the nonwoven fabric according to the invention has an LOI value of more than 75 and preferably an LOI value of more than 85.
Diese ausgezeichneten Flammschutzeigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Vlieses führen dazu, dass die erfindungsgemäßen flammfesten Vliese eine geringe Reaktionsfähigkeit bei Einwirkung von Sauerstoffdruckstößen (BAM) sowie eine geringe Reaktionsfähigkeit bei Einwirkung von flüssigem Sauerstoff bei Schlagbeanspruchung (BAM) aufweisen.These excellent flame retardancy properties of the nonwoven according to the invention result in the flameproof nonwovens according to the invention having a low reactivity under the action of oxygen pressure surges (BAM) and a low reactivity when exposed to liquid oxygen under impact stress (BAM).
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besitzt das erfindungsgemäße Vlies darüber hinaus eine hohe Luftdurchlässigkeit von mehr als 2500 l/m2s, vorzugsweise von mehr als 2800 l/m2s. Die Luftdurchlässigkeit wurde dabei erfindungsgemäß durch Akustrommessung gemäß DIN EN ISO 9237 bestimmt.In a preferred embodiment, the nonwoven according to the invention moreover has a high air permeability of more than 2500 l / m 2 s, preferably of more than 2800 l / m 2 s. The air permeability was determined according to the invention by Akustrommessung according to DIN EN ISO 9237.
Aufgrund der trotz der hohen Beladung mit Flammschutzmittel hohen Luftdurchlässigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Vlieses, die erfindungsgemäß erreicht wird, lässt sich der Zwischenraum zwischen dem inneren und äußeren Tank bei einem mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Vlies als cryogener Isolierung hergestellten cryogenen Tanksystem sowie der cryogenen Isolierschicht selbst leicht evakuieren, da das erfindungsgemäße Vlies nur eine geringe Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme zeigt.Due to the high air permeability of the nonwoven according to the invention despite the high loading with flame retardant, the gap between the inner and outer tank can be easily evacuated at a cryogenic tank system produced with the nonwoven fabric according to the invention as cryogener insulation and the cryogenic insulating layer itself, since the nonwoven according to the invention shows only a slight moisture absorption.
Das erfindungsgemäße Vlies besitzt zweckmäßigerweise ohne Einbeziehung der zu beaufschlagenden Zusatzbestandteile einschließlich Flammschutzmittel ein Flächenbasisgewicht von 8 bis 50 g/m2 und vorzugsweise von 9 bis 30 g/m2.The nonwoven according to the invention expediently has a surface basis weight of 8 to 50 g / m 2 and preferably 9 to 30 g / m 2, without including the additional constituents to be acted upon, including flame retardants.
Das Flächengewicht wurde hierbei erfindungsgemäß gemäß DIN ISO 536 bestimmt.The basis weight was determined according to the invention according to DIN ISO 536.
Einschließlich der beaufschlagten Zusatzbestandteile beträgt das Flächengewicht des erfindungsgemäßen Vlieses zweckmäßigerweise 11 bis 150 g/m2 und vorzugsweise 27 bis 90 g/m2.Including the applied additional constituents, the weight per unit area of the nonwoven according to the invention is expediently 11 to 150 g / m 2 and preferably 27 to 90 g / m 2 .
Aufgrund der günstigen Flächengewichte sind erfindungsgemäß in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform geringe Vliesdicken von 50 bis 200 µm erhältlich. Dies ermöglicht es, dass das erfindungsgemäße Vlies in mehreren Lagen um den inneren Tank eines cryogenen Tanksystems gelegt werden kann, was wiederum eine starke Barrierewirkung für den konvektiven Wärmetransport, die durch das erfindungsgemäße Vlies erreicht wird, bedingt.Due to the favorable basis weights according to the invention in a preferred embodiment, low web thicknesses of 50 to 200 microns available. This makes it possible for the nonwoven according to the invention to be laid in several layers around the inner tank of a cryogenic tank system, which in turn results in a strong barrier effect for the convective heat transport achieved by the nonwoven according to the invention.
Gegenstand einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 6 zur Herstellung eines feuerfesten Vlieses, das Celluloseregeneratfasern umfasst, mit einem LOI-Wert von mindestens 65 durch Beaufschlagen einer Aufschlämmung von Cellulosefasern mit einem Flammschutzmittel auf einer Papiermaschine.A further embodiment of the present invention provides a process according to claim 6 for producing a refractory nonwoven comprising regenerated cellulose fibers having an LOI of at least 65 by imparting a slurry of cellulosic fibers with a flame retardant to a paper machine.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird als Papiermaschine eine Schrägsiebpapiermaschine, wie sie dem Stand der Technik entspricht und in der beigefügten Figur abgebildet ist, verwendet.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the paper machine used is an oblique screen paper machine, which corresponds to the state of the art and is shown in the attached figure.
In der Figur zeigen:
- A
- Fasergemisch und Wasser für die Grundschicht
- B
- Fasergemisch und Wasser für die Deckschicht
- 3
- Bütte für die Grundschicht
- 4
- Bütte für die Deckschicht
- 5
- umlaufendes Sieb
- 6,7,8
- Entwässerungskammern
- 9
- Papierbahn
- 10
- Trockenzylinder
- 11
- Tambouraufrollung
- A
- Mixed fibers and water for the base layer
- B
- Fiber blend and water for the topcoat
- 3
- Bütte for the base layer
- 4
- Bütte for the top layer
- 5
- circulating sieve
- 6,7,8
- dewatering chambers
- 9
- paper web
- 10
- drying cylinders
- 11
- Tambouraufrollung
Wie oben ausgeführt, werden erfindungsgemäß als Ausgangsmaterialien Fasern verwendet, die einer Mahlung unterzogen wurden. Hierbei wird erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt ein zu verwendendes Fasergemisch einer Mahlung beispielsweise unter Verwendung eines Refiners unterzogen.As stated above, fibers are used according to the invention as starting materials, which undergo a grinding were. In this case, according to the invention, preferably a fiber mixture to be used is subjected to grinding, for example using a refiner.
Um während des Mahlens eine Schaumbildung der zu mahlenden Fasern zu verhindern, kann dem Fasergemisch ein Entschäumer zugesetzt werden.In order to prevent foaming of the fibers to be ground during milling, a defoamer may be added to the fiber mixture.
Üblicherweise wird dabei der Entschäumer in einer Menge von 0,001 bis 5 Vol.-%, bezogen auf das Fasergemisch, mitverwendet. Bei dem zu verwendenden Entschäumer handelt es sich üblicherweise um auf dem einschlägigen Fachgebiet bekannte Entschäumer, beispielsweise um wässrige Emulsionen aliphatischer Hydroxyverbindungen.Usually, the defoamer is used in an amount of 0.001 to 5 vol .-%, based on the fiber mixture. The defoamer to be used is usually defoamers known in the art, for example aqueous emulsions of aliphatic hydroxy compounds.
Erfindungsgemäß werden Fasern mit einem Mahlgrad von 5 bis 75 °SR (der Mahlgrad wird erfindungsgemäß in auf dem einschlägigen Fachgebiet bekannter Weise mit einem Mahlgradprüfgerät nach Schopper-Riegler durchgeführt), zweckmäßigerweise mit einem Mahlgrad von 30 bis 60 °SR und vorzugsweise mit einem Mahlgrad von 45 bis 55 °SR verwendet.According to the invention fibers with a freeness of 5 to 75 ° SR (the degree of grinding is carried out according to the invention in the art known manner with a Mahlgradprüfgerät Schopper Riegler), suitably with a freeness of 30 to 60 ° SR and preferably with a freeness of 45 to 55 ° SR used.
Erfindungsgemäß wurde festgestellt, dass bei Verwendung von Fasern mit einem geeigneten Mahlgrad die durch die Faser-Faser-Bindung erreichten Festigkeiten des erfindungsgemäßen Vlieses verbessert werden können. So hat sich erfindungsgemäß gezeigt, dass durch den Einsatz von Fasern mit einem geeigneten Mahlgrad auf die Mitverwendung eines die Festigkeit verbessernden Bindemittels bei der Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Vlieses verzichtet werden kann. Aufgrund des Nichtvorliegens eines Bindemittels wird erfindungsgemäß die Aufnahmefähigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Vlieses für das Flammschutzmittel nicht beeinträchtigt. Dies ist umso überraschender, da üblicherweise bei Beaufschlagung der Fasern mit einer hier verwendeten, größeren Menge Flammschutzmittel die Mitverwendung eines Bindemittels notwendig ist. Darüber hinaus bringt der Verzicht auf die Mitverwendung von Bindemitteln erfindungsgemäß den Vorteil, dass die Flammfestigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Vlieses nicht verschlechtert wird.According to the invention, it has been found that when using fibers with a suitable freeness, the strengths of the nonwoven fabric according to the invention achieved by fiber-fiber bonding can be improved. Thus, according to the invention, it has been shown that the use of fibers having a suitable degree of grinding makes it possible to dispense with the concomitant use of a strength-improving binder in the production of the nonwoven fabric according to the invention. Due to the absence of a binder, the absorption capacity of the nonwoven fabric according to the invention for the flame retardant is not impaired according to the invention. This is all the more surprising, since the concomitant use of a binder is usually necessary when loading the fibers with a larger amount of flame retardants used here. In addition, the waiver of the use of binders brings according to the invention the advantage that the flame resistance of the nonwoven fabric according to the invention is not impaired.
Zur Veranschaulichung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird im folgenden das Verfahren detailliert beschrieben.To illustrate the method according to the invention, the method is described in detail below.
Üblicherweise wird in einer ersten Stufe aus Celluloseregeneratfasern sowie gegebenenfalls Langfasern natürlichen und/oder synthetischen Ursprungs mit Wasser eine Fasersuspension hergestellt, die über einen sogenannten Stoffauflauf der Papiermaschine zugeführt wird. Diese besitzt im wesentlichen ein umlaufendes Sieb, welches über eine Anzahl von Entwässerungskammern hinweggeführt wird.Usually, in a first stage of cellulose regenerated fibers and optionally long fibers of natural and / or synthetic origin, a fiber suspension is produced with water, which is fed via a so-called headbox of the paper machine. This essentially has a peripheral sieve, which is passed over a number of dewatering chambers.
Über geeignete Rohrleitungen und Pumpvorrichtungen wird die Suspension auf das Sieb über erste Entwässerungskammern geleitet, wobei durch die Kammern und die Entwässerungsleitung das Wasser abgesaugt wird. Dabei bildet sich auf dem bewegten Sieb eine Faserschicht.By means of suitable pipelines and pumping devices, the suspension is passed onto the sieve via first dewatering chambers, the water being drawn off through the chambers and the dewatering line. This forms a fibrous layer on the moving screen.
Die nunmehr gebildete Faserschicht wird von dem Sieb abgenommen und einer Trocknung zugeführt. Diese Trocknung kann auf verschiedene Art und Weise erfolgen, z. B. durch Kontakttrocknung oder Durchströmtrocknung. In bevorzugter Weise handelt es sich bei der Trocknung um eine Durchströmtrocknung unter Verwendung von Heißluft.The now formed fiber layer is removed from the screen and fed to a drying. This drying can be done in various ways, for. B. by contact drying or through-flow drying. Preferably, the drying is through-flow drying using hot air.
Anschließend wird das erhaltene Vlies auf eine Rolle aufgerollt.Subsequently, the obtained web is rolled up on a roll.
Um das erfindungsgemäße Vlies im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit Flammschutzmittel zu beaufschlagen, bieten sich also während des Produktionsprozesses verschiedene Verfahrensstufen als Zugabeort der Flammschutzmittel an:
- 1) Die Zugabe der Flammschutzmittel kann in der Leimpresse (wäßrige Lösung, Emulsion, Dispersion) während des Produktionsprozesses erfolgen; oder
- 2) Des weiteren besteht die Möglichkeit der Zugabe im Rahmen weiterer Verfahrensstufen, z.B. beim Sprühbalken oder bei der Befeuchtungseinrichtung am Ende des Produktionsprozesses. Üblicherweise werden die Flammschutzmittel in der handelsüblichen Form ohne Mitverwendung von Wasser auf das Trägermaterial aufgebracht.
- 1) The addition of flame retardants can be done in the size press (aqueous solution, emulsion, dispersion) during the production process; or
- 2) Furthermore, there is the possibility of adding in the context of further process steps, eg the spray bar or the humidifier at the end of the production process. Usually, the flame retardants are applied in the commercial form without the use of water on the substrate.
Die folgenden Beispiele sollen der weiteren Veranschaulichung der vorliegenden Erfindung dienen.The following examples are intended to further illustrate the present invention.
Handelsübliche Lyocellfasern einer mittleren Faserlänge von 8 mm, die keine weiteren Faserzumischungen umfassen, werden einer Mahlung unerzogen, wobei 44 °SR (Schopper-Riegler) eingestellt werden. Vor der Mahlung wird ein handelsüblicher Entschäumer (Afranil®, wässrige Emulsion aliphatischer Hydroxyverbindungen) zu einem Anteil von 0,05%, bezogen auf das Fasergewicht, zugegeben.Commercially available Lyocell fibers of 8 mm average fiber length, which do not comprise any further fiber blends, are subjected to milling, adjusting 44 ° SR (Schopper-Riegler). Before grinding, a commercially available defoamer (Afranil®, aqueous emulsion of aliphatic hydroxy compounds) is added in an amount of 0.05%, based on the weight of the fiber.
Nach Aufbringen über den Stoffauflauf auf das Papiermaschinensieb wird nach einer ersten Trocknung über einen Durchstromtrocker das Vlies in der Leimpresse mit einer Mischung handelsüblicher Flammschutzmittel (1:1-Mischung aus Antiblaze® (eine wässrigen Lösung von Polyphosphorsäuresalzen) und Dicyandiamid (Cyanoguanidin)) behandelt.After application via the headbox to the papermaking screen, the fleece in the size press is treated with a mixture of commercially available flame retardant (1: 1 mixture of Antiblaze® (an aqueous solution of polyphosphoric acid salts) and dicyandiamide (cyanoguanidine)) after a first drying over a flow dryer.
Die über den Stoffauflauf auf das bewegte Sieb aufgebrachte Fasermenge wird so eingestellt, dass das Vlies ohne Beaufschlagung ein Flächengewicht von 9 g/m2 hat.The amount of fiber applied to the moving screen via the headbox is adjusted so that the nonwoven has a weight per unit area of 9 g / m 2 without being loaded.
Nach Beaufschlagung wird ein Flächengewicht von 27 g/m2 erreicht.After exposure, a basis weight of 27 g / m 2 is achieved.
Folgende Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Vlieses wurden gemessen:
Unter gleicher Vorgehensweise wie in Beispiel 1 aber Verwendung des im Handel befindlichen Flammschutzmittels Ukadur HV (Hersteller: Fa. Schill & Seilacher) und variierter Mahlung (49°SR (Schopper-Riegler)) wurden bei Einstellung eines Flächengewichtes von 9 g/m2 folgende Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Vlieses gemessen:
Claims (9)
- Flame-resistant fibrous nonwoven web having an LOI (limiting oxygen index) value of at least 65 whose fibre material has had a flame retardant applied to it, the fibre material consisting of beatable and fibrillable regenerated cellulose fibres having a freeness in the range from 5 to 75°SR and optionally 0.1% to 90%, based on web weight, of natural and/or synthetic long fibres.
- Flame-resistant fibrous nonwoven web according to Claim 1, wherein the regenerated cellulose fibres consist of lyocell fibres.
- Flame-resistant fibrous nonwoven web according to either of Claims 1 and 2, having a basis weight between 11 and 150 m2/g.
- Flame-resistant fibrous nonwoven web according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the flame retardant is selected from cyclic and acyclic phosphonate and diphosphonate esters, alkylphosphonic acids, chlorinated phosphorus compounds, organic phosphorus-nitrogen compounds or inorganic phosphorus compounds, pyrophosphoric acids, organic nitrogen compounds or any desired combination thereof.
- Flame-resistant fibrous nonwoven web according to any preceding claim, wherein the fraction of applied flame retardant is at least 40% by weight, based on the fibre weight.
- Process for producing a flame-resistant fibrous nonwoven web having an LOI (limiting oxygen index) value of at least 65 by applying a flame retardant to a slurry of fibre material which consists of beatable and fibrillable regenerated cellulose fibres having a freeness in the range from 5 to 75°SR and optionally 0.1% to 90%, based on web weight, of natural and/or synthetic long fibres, on a papermaking machine.
- Process according to Claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulose fibres consist of lyocell fibres.
- Process according to either of Claims 6 and 7, wherein the flame retardant is added in the size press.
- Process according to either of Claims 6 and 7, wherein the flame retardant is added via a spray beam or via moistening means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10104277 | 2001-01-31 | ||
| DE2001104277 DE10104277B4 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2001-01-31 | Flame resistant nonwoven comprising regenerated cellulose fibers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1229165A1 EP1229165A1 (en) | 2002-08-07 |
| EP1229165B1 true EP1229165B1 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
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ID=7672316
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20020000887 Expired - Lifetime EP1229165B1 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2002-01-15 | Flameproof fleece containing regenerated cellulose fibres |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1229165B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10104277B4 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2177481T3 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100594272C (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2010-03-17 | 西巴特殊化学品控股有限公司 | Additives for reducing paper linting and dusting |
| DE102004015356A1 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-20 | Clariant Gmbh | Phosphorus-containing flame retardant composition for cellulosic materials |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE756032A (en) * | 1969-09-12 | 1971-02-15 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | PROCESS FOR PREPARING A NON-WOVEN FIBROUS PRODUCT |
| US3819518A (en) * | 1972-07-31 | 1974-06-25 | Apex Chem Co Inc | Scorch-resistant water-soluble flame-retardants for cellulose |
| JPS4994903A (en) * | 1973-01-23 | 1974-09-09 | ||
| JPS5642718B2 (en) * | 1973-09-13 | 1981-10-06 | ||
| JPS5847520B2 (en) * | 1975-02-04 | 1983-10-22 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | Cellulose cellulose |
| GB9416616D0 (en) * | 1994-08-17 | 1994-10-12 | Courtaulds Fibres Holdings Ltd | Cellulosic textile materials |
| US5749537A (en) * | 1995-11-07 | 1998-05-12 | Lydall, Inc. | Method of wrapping cryogenic insulation around an inner cryogenic tank |
| GB2325248B (en) * | 1997-05-15 | 2001-06-27 | J R Crompton Ltd | Paper |
-
2001
- 2001-01-31 DE DE2001104277 patent/DE10104277B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-15 ES ES02000887T patent/ES2177481T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-01-15 DE DE50206179T patent/DE50206179D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-01-15 EP EP20020000887 patent/EP1229165B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1229165A1 (en) | 2002-08-07 |
| ES2177481T1 (en) | 2002-12-16 |
| ES2177481T3 (en) | 2006-09-16 |
| DE10104277A1 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
| DE50206179D1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
| DE10104277B4 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
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